Mphuno ndi zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'mapululu a ku Africa. Dzina lawo limamasuliridwa kuti "miyala yamoyo". Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ndi subspecies 60.
Mitundu yapadera yachilendo ndi kukana zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zimakopa chidwi kwa alimi obzala kuchokera kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi. Kusamalidwa kosavuta kumachititsa kuti pakhale maluwa kunyumba.
Mungathe kudziwa zambiri zokhudza kusamalidwa ndi kusamalira bwino zowonongeka ngati "miyala yamoyo" komanso mavuto omwe alimi angayambe kukumana nawo m'nkhani yathu.
Maluwa
Mapuloteni ndi zomera zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimachokera ku mtundu wokongola ndipo zimakhala za banja la Aizas. Alibe tsinde ndipo, ndi zizindikiro zakunja, ali ofanana ndi miyala yaing'ono, mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi mtundu wosiyana.
Ma succulent ali ndi minofu, masamba obiriwira omwe ali ogwirizana mwa awiriwa ndipo amalekanitsidwa ndi dzenje lakuya. Kutalika kwazitali kungakhale masentimita 10.
Kodi lithops maluwa ali kunyumba liti? Chomera chimayamba kuphuka kokha chaka chachitatu mutabzala.kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka November. Ndi anthu ena okha omwe amasintha, ndipo ena pang'onopang'ono amalowa chaka chilichonse. Inflorescence imapezeka pakati pa masamba, kawirikawiri amakhala achikasu kapena oyera maluwa. Ndipo Mphukira imatsegula maola angapo patsiku ndipo imatha kutseka zonse zokongola. Maluwa ali ndi sepals ndi petals ambiri.
Gwirani masamba masiku 7-12. Pankhani ya pollination kumapeto kwa maluwa ikuwoneka bokosi limodzi ndi mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa moyo wamba Mapulops amafuna mtendere. Mu nthawi ya hibernation amapezeka njira yokhala molting - kubwezeretsa masamba akale ndi zatsopano. Pa nthawiyi, muyenera kusiya kuthirira ndi kuika chophika chomera mu malo ozizira, owala ndikuzisiya nokha.
Kutentha kwapamwamba ndi 12-16 madigiri. Shedding imatha mu March - April. Mankhwalawa amafunika kokha kuti azisamalidwa bwino. Mbewu zazing'ono chaka ndi chaka zimasowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse ndi kuunikira kwina.
Zithunzi Zosangalatsa
M'munsimu muli chithunzi cha chomera.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira maluwa m'nyumba
Kodi mungasamalire motani "miyala yamoyo" yodabwitsa? Amadzichepetsa komanso amakhala osavuta. Ndipo kuwasamalira sikungakhale kovuta ngakhale kwa olima maluwa amaluwa. Zokwanira kuti aphunzire zosowa zawo ndikupanga malo abwino.
Kuunikira
Mapuloteni ndi zomera zowonda kwambiri. Mu theka loyamba la tsiku lomwe amafunikira maola 4 mpaka 5, dzuwa limatuluka, komanso mthunzi wochepa mu theka lachiwiri. Panthawi imene kuwala kwa dzuwa kumachepa, maluwawo amatseguka.
M'nyengo yozizira, ziphuphu zimafuna kuunikira kwina. Zokonzedweratu za lamtundu wa fluorescent kapena LED. Ngati sichiikidwa, ndiye kuti palibe kuwala, zomera zimatulutsidwa, zimayamba kulemera, ndipo zimatha kufa. Ikani nyali pamtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera maluwa, ndipo mbande pa mtunda wa masentimita 5-8.
Kutentha
M'nthaŵi ya chilimwe, madzi amatha kutentha kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 ° C, koma zomera zimalolera kutentha kwambiri. Komanso pa nthawi ino akhoza kutulutsidwa pankhonde kapena m'munda, pomwepo masana kulimbikitsidwa kuti mthunzi ukhale mthunzi. Kukhala kunja kumawuma ndipo kumawapangitsa kukhala amphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa maluwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, ma Lithops amafunika kuzizira. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa iwo mu nyengo yozizira ndi 8-12 ° C. Pakati pa kutentha kwambiri, zomera zimatulutsidwa kwambiri, zimataya mawonekedwe ake ndipo zimatha kupunthwa.
Malo
Chifukwa chakuti mafilimu amawombera dzuwa, ndi bwino kuwasunga pawindo lakumwera kapena khonde. Ndipo pafupi kwambiri momwe zingathere ku galasi.
Osasinthasintha malo a mphika wokhudzana ndi magetsi. Kotero, pamene mukuchita ku loggia, m'pofunika kuika chizindikiro kuti m'malo atsopano dzuwa limagwa kuchokera kumbali imodzimodzi kale.
Kodi mungamwetse bwanji?
Mukasamalira zomera, chidwi chenicheni chiyenera kulipira kuthirira. Madzi ochuluka amauwononga mofulumira kwambiri. Kuchokera mu April mpaka September, mavitaminiwa amathirira madzi moyenera, osati mobwerezabwereza m'masiku 11-15. Panthawi imeneyi, kukula ndi maluwa kumapezeka ku Lithops.
Kuchokera mwezi wa October mpaka December, madzi okwanira amachepetsedwa kamodzi pa masiku 24-30. Nthawi yonseyi imaletsedwa. Ndi maonekedwe a zingwe za masamba, kawirikawiri kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa July, madzi okwanira amaletsedwa mpaka maluwawo asungunuka. Ndiyeno amapita molingana ndi ndondomeko yakale. Ngati panthawi ya maluwa nthaka isanaume, nthawi yothirira madzi ikuwonjezeka.
Sirinji kapena kuthirira kungakhale ndi mphuno yopapatiza komanso yayitali yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyambira chinyezi pakati pa masamba sichiloledwa.
Chenjerani! Kutsanulira madzi mu poto sikunalimbikitsidwenso. Madzi ayenera kutetezedwa osati zovuta. Kwa madzi apampopi pa 10 malita, onjezerani 0,5 g wa citric acid.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Mapuloteni samasowa malo apadera a chinyezi. Iwo amalekerera mosavuta kukhala nthawi yaitali m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma. Chinthu chachikulu ndichokuthamanga nthawi zonse m'chipinda chomwe muli mphika wokhala ndi duwa. Koma panthawi yomweyi ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zojambulajambula, chifukwa izi zingakhudze zomera.
Pa masiku otentha kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipange mpweya kuzungulira chomera kuchokera kwa aang'ono. Simungathe kusunga Lithops pafupi ndi maluwa okonda chinyezi.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chifukwa chakuti ziphuphu ndi zomera zolimba kwambiri, sizikusowa kuti zikhale nthawi zonse. Komabe, ngati iwo sanafalike kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo akhala akukula mu mphika waung'ono, ndiye kuti nthaka yayamba kwambiri panthawiyi komanso kuvala kwapamwamba kungakhale kothandiza. Chitani ndondomeko 1-2 pachaka.
Makina opangira madzi ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cacti, omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi Zdrav'in, Aetisso, Life Force, ndi zina zotero. Sungunulani feteleza ndi madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mutatha kuthirira. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyambe kuvala pamwamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso m'nyengo yozizira.
Nthaka
Maonekedwe a nthaka a Lithops akhoza kukhala aliwonse, sayenera kukhala ndi miyala ya limestone komanso mchere wambiri. Nthaka iyenera kugwira madzi okwanira, ndipo imakhala yathanzi.
Chitsulo chomera chomera chingagulidwe pa shopu la maluwa. Koma ndibwino kuti muphike nokha pa gawo limodzi la soddy humus, dongo ndi njerwa kuti zisakanike ndi machenga 1.5 a mchenga wa quartz.
Pansi pa mbiyayi mwamphamvu imayikidwa ndi miyala kuti ipereke mpweya wabwino ndi kutuluka kwa madzi owonjezera. Ndipo mutabzala zipips, dothi lokhala ndi dothi lopangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena zipolopolo zamtunduwu kuti zisawonongeke mvula ndi chitukuko cha moss.
Kodi ndikufunika kuchepetsa?
Chomera sichifuna kudulira ndi kuumba, ndibwino kuti musakhudze. Ngakhale masamba owuma sayenera kuthetsedwa, chifukwa izi zingawononge khosi ndi imfa.
Mitundu yobereketsa
Zilonda zimabereka m'njira ziwiri.
Mbewu
Pambuyo maluwa, chipatso chambewu chimapezeka pa Lithops, chimachotsedwa ndi kuikidwa pambali mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene zimayamba kumera.
- Musanafese, mbewu zimathiridwa maola asanu ndi limodzi m'madzi ofunda.
- Pakalipano, nthaka yokonzedwa ikutsanuliridwa ndi madzi otentha.
- Mbeu ikayikidwa pansi popanda kuwonjezeka. Mphika umaphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo ndipo umakhala pamalo owala.
- Mphamvu ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya mbewu imayenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira kwa mphindi 10 ndi kuthirira madzi. Mbeu ikangoyamba, yonjezerani mpweya wokwanira mphindi 4 patsiku ndikuchepetsa kuthirira. Firimuyi ikhoza kuchotsedwa patatha masabata awiri, koma muyenera kuchita izi pang'onopang'ono, kuti mbande zikhale ndi nthawi yokhazikika.
- Awapatseni miphika yosiyana patatha chaka.
Werengani zambiri za kukula kwa Lithops ku mbewu zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi.
Kuchokera pa kanema mudzaphunzira momwe mungabzalitsire mbewu Zipatso:
Kuyika
Onetsetsani kugawana masamba awiriwo ndikukhala m'miphika pamtunda wina ndi mzake. Musanabzala pansi muyenera kuyeza mizu ya zomera kuti ikhale yopanda.
Kuwaza
Pezani Lithops akulimbikitsidwa pokhapokha panthawi yopatsa. Pambuyo pa kugula, ayenera kuikidwa mwamsanga mu nthaka yabwino.
Musanabzala, mizu imamasulidwa ku peat, zouma ndikuyang'ana kuwonongeka. Chofunika kwambiri ndiko kukhalapo kwa madzi osanjikiza pansi pa mphika. Kenaka ponyani nthaka, tsanulirani madzi otentha, kunyamula maluwa ndi kuthirira. Phika sayenera kukhala oposa 10 cm.
Mapuloteni samasowa nthawi zonse. Zomera zazikulu zimaikidwa tsiku lililonse zaka 3-4, ndipo zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Chitani njirayi pambuyo pa wintering. Phika ayenera kukhala 1 masentimita pamwamba pa mmbuyo kapena akhoza kusamukira ku poto wakale ndi nthaka yatsopano. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kubzala ndikupanga chomera choyambirirachi zikhoza kupezeka m'nkhani yapadera.
Mavuto okhutira
Mavuto akuluakulu pa chisamaliro cha mbeu:
- Chifukwa cha madzi okwanira kwambiri, zomera zimakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso zowola mizu. Choncho, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Ndi kuthirira mobwerezabwereza koma mopitirira malire chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, zotentha zimatha. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kumwa madzi mobwerezabwereza.
- Ngati masambawo ali otupa ndi ophulika, Lithops alibe madzi okwanira. Ndikofunika kuthirira, ndipo tsiku lotsatira lidzakhala luntha.
- Palibe maluwa, mbewuyo ilibe kuwala kokwanira, overfed kapena wamng'ono.
- Nthaŵi zina ma mayalbuji amatha kuoneka pa zokoma. Pofuna kuwachotsa, masamba a chomera amapukutidwa ndi sopo yankho. Alimi ena a maluwa amaphimba poto ndi phukusi la maluwa, ndikuwaza madontho a dichlorvos mkati ndikupita kwa mphindi 20-30, njirayi siipweteka mbewu. Ndi matenda amphamvu, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo osiyanasiyana.
Kutsiliza
Ngati Lithops akuwonekera m'nyumbayi, musaope zovutazo, chifukwa chisamaliro ndi kulima sizimayambitsa mavuto enaake. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo onse ndi ndondomeko ya ndende. Kenaka otentha ndi kukongola kwawo adzakondweretsa mbuye wawo chaka chonse.
