Mudziko muli mitundu yoposa 700 ya nkhuku zomwe zimayambira ngati nyama ndi mitundu ya mazira, koma zambiri zimasonyezanso zokongoletsera.
Lero tiwone za kufotokoza kwa mitundu ya nkhuku za Arakan, zomwe ziri ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsera kwambiri ndipo zimapereka mwini wawo ndi mazira osadziwika, monga nkhuku mazira, mitundu.
Mbiri yakale
Araucana amaonedwa nkhuku zakale kwambiriyomwe inayamba kuonekera ku South America, ku Chile. Zimadziwika kuti mtunduwu unapangidwa chifukwa cha mtundu wa Amwenye omwe anali Araucan omwe ankakhala kumapazi a Andes. Poyambitsa mtunduwu, anthu adatsogoleredwa ndi zotsatira zomwe zimawalola kuti akhale ndi anthu omwe sali okhaokha - mphuno ndi nkhuku, zomwe zimanyamula mazira a buluu ndi obiriwira.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo yambiri ya fukoli inali yofunika kwambiri, popeza idali nawo pa cockfighting, ndipo pamutu uno mchira unalepheretsa mzimu ndi nkhondo kuti zisamasonyezedwe.
Mbiri yoyambirira ya mtunduwo siinalembedwe. Mu 1914, ku Chile, nkhuku zinapezeka ndi mlimi wa nkhuku Salvador Castello. Poyamba, mtunduwu unali ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuku, mu 1924 dzina loti Gallus anauris linavomerezedwa, koma patapita nthawi linakhazikitsidwa kuti Araukana ali wa nkhuku zoweta.
Kwa nthawi yaitali, asayansi sangathe kupanga chifukwa chake mtundu wa eggshell wa mtundu umenewu. Ena amaganiza kuti nkhukuzo zinadutsa ndi wild pheasant, chifukwa cha kusintha kwake kamodzi komwe kunachitika ndipo mazira anapeza mtundu winawake. Izi sizinatsimikizidwe ndi sayansi, kotero akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti oviduct mu nkhuku muli biliverdin, mtundu umene ukhoza kuyambitsa mazira.
Ku Germany mu 1965 mtunduwu unayambika ku mbalame ya ku Germany. Mu 1975, mtundu wa Araucan wamamera unalengedwa ku USA, ndipo mu 1984 iwo unaphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa mitundu ya nkhuku yomwe idapangidwa ku USA. 
Makhalidwe ndi zizindikiro
Monga mtundu wina wa nkhuku, araucana ali ndi zizindikiro zake, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa anthu a mtundu uwu kuchokera ku zina zilizonse, kotero, timalingalira kufotokoza maonekedwe a oimira, komanso zizindikiro za tambala ndi nkhuku.
Maonekedwe
Popeza kuti mtunduwu ndi wofanana, nkhuku za Arakan zili zofanana kwambiri. Mbali yaikulu ya mawonekedwe a mbalame ndi kusowa kwazitetezo zabwino, choncho simudzawona mchira nkhuku zowonekera. Ichi ndi khalidwe lapadera, lomwe ndilolandira cholowa.
Mukudziwa? Kupezeka kwa mchira ndi chizindikiro cha nkhuku yokha ya chi German yomwe ili ndi Araucan, ya American, m'malo mwake, imatanthawuza kukhalapo kwa mchira ndi kamphindi kakang'ono pamutu.
Popeza kuti Araucans amagawidwa monga mwa chikhalidwe cha Germany mu dziko lapansi, kufotokoza kwawo kumatengedwa ngati maziko. Monga tanenera kale, ma Arabia enieni akhoza kunyamula mazira a mtundu wa bluu, yomwe ndiyi yomwe nkhukuzi zimakhala zotchuka kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. 
Araucans ali ndi mutu waung'ono, womwe umadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa ndevu zowakometsera bwino. Maso oyandikana, a red-red, apakatikati a mulomo, akugwada pang'ono. Nkhuku zili ndi chotupa cha mtundu wa pod, kapena chingwe chofanana ndi mtola, mphete zing'onozing'ono zomwe zikulendewera m'makutu. Thupi ndi lalifupi ndipo limakhala losalala, liri ndi khosi lalitali, lalitali ndi lalitali, lalitali losapangidwe, chifuwa chachikulu, mapiko a kutalika kwake, zolimba thupi. Anthu ali ndi miyendo yolimba, mtundu wabuluu, palibe nthenga, nyali iliyonse ili ndi zala zinayi.
Nkhuku za mtundu wa silika, zitsulo, zitsulo zasiliva, bielefelder, Pavlovskaya, zimakhala ndi maonekedwe okongoletsera.
Nkhuku ndi nkhuku: kusiyana
Tambala ndi nkhuku za mtundu wa Araucan zimakhala zofanana kwambiri, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya mtundu. Oimira amuna ndi akazi ali olemera muyezo: nkhuku zikhoza kulemera pafupifupi 1, 5 kg, mphukira kukula kukula kwakukulu - mpaka 2-2.5 makilogalamu. Tambala ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera komanso zowonjezereka, zomwe zimakhala zamphamvu kuposa nkhuku, zimagwa pansi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa abambo ndi amai omwe amaimira mtundu umenewu ndi mtundu wa mbalame. 
Mtundu
Malingana ndi muyezo, mtundu wa maulawo ukhoza kukhala golide, siliva, wakuda, woyera, wabuluu ndi mitundu yonse ya mitundu ya pamwambayi. Nkhuku zonse ndi zinyama zingakhale ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo zimaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri mtundu wa zinyontho ndi mdima, umakhala wokhutira kwambiri ndipo ukhoza kuphatikiza wokha mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuwala ndi mdima. Kawirikawiri, mtundu wa tambala umawoneka wokongola kwambiri ndipo umakopa kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa nkhono ya nkhuku. 
Makhalidwe
Chikhalidwe cha mtundu wamwamuna ndi wachikazi wa Araucan ndi chosiyana kwambiri. Ngati nkhuku zimakhala bwino, mofatsa, mwamtendere, komanso mwamtendere, zimagwirizana ndi mitundu ina, popanda chidwi chenicheni, mphuno zimatsutsana kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta komanso zimenyana ndi adani awo, makamaka ndi mitundu ina. Mazenera pa nkhaniyi ali mwamantha komanso opanda mavuto amamenyana ndi otsutsa amphamvu, amatha ngakhale kumenyana ndi anthu ngati akumva kuti ndizoopsa. 
Kutha msinkhu ndi dzira
Araucans kutha msinkhu kumachitika ali wamng'ono kwambiri - Miyezi 6. Pa nthawiyi, nkhuku zingayambe kuika mazira. Kawirikawiri imachedwa kuchepa, kumene nkhuku zimatha kubereka mazira ali ndi miyezi 9. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa kugonana kwa Araucans ndiko kunenepa kwambiri, pamene mbalame zikupitirirabe ndi kupereka chakudya cha kalori.
Mbalame zamatchire, mazira amatha kuchoka ku kuwala kofiira mpaka ku azitona, pamene mitundu ya maranayi ili ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Chaka chonse, nkhuku imatha kupanga Mazira 180omwe amayeza ngati mazira a mitundu yamba - kuyambira 50 mpaka 70 g. 
Mazira a Araucan alibe kusiyana kwenikweni ndi kukoma kwa mazira a nkhuku wamba, mtundu umene timagwiritsa ntchito, ngakhale kuti obereketsa amaonetsetsa kuti mazira a mtundu uwu ndi othandiza kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Pakakhala kutentha panja, nkhuku za Arakan zimanyamula mazira owala kwambiri, koma poyamba nyengo yozizira imakhala yochepa kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yolondola chifukwa cha kusowa kwa dzuwa pa kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa pigment.
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa
Pochita kuswana, makina a ma Araukan anali otayika pang'ono, omwe amachititsa mavuto ambiri pakubereka mtundu uwu. Abambo amawona kuti pafupifupi 1 atagona nkhuku muwonetsero mmodzi payekha kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi amayi, panthawi yomweyi n'zotheka kuthetsa vuto la kubisa mazira.
Phunzirani zambiri za kukula nkhuku mu chofungatira: zofunikiratu zosankha ndi zida zabwino kwambiri; Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira "Kuika", "Ideal hen", "Cinderella", "Blitz".
Zomwe amangidwa
Kuti mukhale ndi nkhuku izi, ndizofunikira kuzipereka ndi zina zomwe zimalola mbalame kukhala omasuka, zomwe zidzathandiza kupanga mazira abwino ndi kubwezeretsa bwino mwana.
Zofunikira za Coop
Mukakhazikitsa nkhuku, muyenera kuganizira za mtundu wa nkhuku ndi kuchepetsa nkhuku zina. Kukula kwa nkhuku nkhuku sayenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri - ndikofunikira kugawa mita imodzi ya mamitala kwa anthu atatu. Mukakhazikitsa nkhuku, ikani zitsulo ndi zisa, ndi bwino kuzigwirizanitsa kumtunda ndikusunga miyeso. Ndikofunika kugawa 30 cm perch payekha ndi chisa chimodzi cha magawo asanu. 
Malo abwino oti asunge nkhuku mu nkhuku nkhuni ndi nkhuni. Mtengowo umakhala wotentha kwambiri ndipo susowa kuyala kwina, monga momwe ziliri ndi konkire pansi. Zinthu ngati zimenezi ndi zokoma, kumanga pansi nkhuni ndi zophweka ndi manja ake. Ikani malo otsekemera okwanira okwanira odyetsa ndi oledzera, omwe ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kusunga mbalame ndi 16 ° ... + 20 ° С.
Malangizo pa zipangizo zamakono kwa nkhuku: kusankha ndi kugula nkhuku nkhuku; kudzipanga nokha ndikukonzekera nkhuku nkhuku, kutulutsa mpweya wabwino.
Yendayenda
Chikhalidwe chokakamiza kusunga nkhuku za Araucan ndi kupezeka kwa malo akuluakulu oyendamo, kuti mbalame ikhoze kuchoka ku nkhuku kupita ku dera lalikulu. Malo oti ayendetsedwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti akhale omangidwa ndi akalulu ochokera kumbali zonse.kuteteza mbalame kuzilombo. Gawo la gawoli limalangizidwa kuti likhale ndi nkhono, kuti m'chilimwe, kutentha, mbalame ikhoza kukhala malo othunzi. Pa gawo loyenda, nkofunikira kukhazikitsa ziweto kuti nkhuku zisakhale ndi mwayi wosapeza madzi ndi chakudya. 
Mmene mungapirire kuzizira kwachisanu
Mtundu uwu umalekerera chisanu, mosavuta kupirira kutentha kwa -6 ° C. Mu nyengo yotere, Araucans amatha kuyenda momasuka mumsewu, pabwalo la kuyenda. Pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumadumpha ndipo kumakhala pansi pa -6 ° C, nkofunikira kupereka nkhuku yotentha nkhuku, chifukwa izi zimatenthedwa, mpweya wazitsamba umatsanulira pansi.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungasungire nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira: Kusamalira nyengo yozizira, kumanga kwa nkhuku nkhuku, Kutentha.
Zimene mungadye
Ndikofunika kupereka chakudya chapamwamba kwa mbalame kuti akwaniritse mazira abwino komanso kukula ndi kukula kwa anthu.
Nkhuku
Pamene nkhuku zimangothamanga, zimakhala ndi thupi lofooka lomwe lili ndi mphamvu yofooka. Pa nthawiyi akulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa. chomera chimanga chophika, yomwe imatsanulira pansi pa bokosi, kumene ana anayikidwa.
On tsiku lachiwiri la moyo Nkhuku zimadyetsedwa ndi chimanga, zomwe zimaphatikizapo balere, zowonjezera tirigu, zowonjezera oatmeal flakes, kuwonjezera pang'ono mafuta ndi mapira, kusakaniza zonse bwinobwino. Ndikofunika kupereka chakudya kwa makanda kawirikawiri, m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono, nthawi yopatsa yabwino - maola awiri alionse. Mu zakudya mungathe kuwonjezera kanyumba tchizi, zomwe zimaperekedwa m'mawa, chimanga chochepa chimasakanizidwa. Zamadzimadzi kapena whey zimatsanulidwira kwa omwa kuti thupi lipeze calcium yowonjezera kuti ikhale yopangira mafupa. 
On Tsiku lachisanu la moyo Ndizotheka kuwonjezera zakudya zowonongeka kwa ana, chifukwa chaichi masamba a plantain, clover, dandelion, mapesi a anyezi ndi abwino.
Ndi Tsiku lachisanu la moyo Zigawo zingapangidwe zambiri, zowonjezerani zowonjezera zophika. Musaiwale kudyetsa amadyera a Araucan ndi mkaka.
Mu msinkhu wamwezi ndizotheka kuti pang'onopang'ono amasamutse anapiye kuti apange mbewuzo, poyamba zinasakanizidwa ndi chimanga chomwe chinaperekedwa kale. N'zotheka kupereka nyemba zonse pamsinkhu wa miyezi 1.5, ndikulimbikitsanso kuwonjezera phala lopaka ndi fupa pazenera.
Kuti nkhuku zikhale zathanzi ndi zamphamvu, muyenera kukhazikitsa chidebe chosiyana ndi mchenga, miyala yaying'ono kapena chipolopolo chaching'ono, chomwe Araucan amadya ndichisangalalo.
Ŵerenganiponso za kudyetsa nkhuku: mlingo wa chakudya kwa tsiku, momwe mungaperekere chakudya cha nkhuku kunyumba.
Nkhuku zazikulu
Chakudya cha anthu akuluakulu ndi chachikhalidwe ndipo sichisiyana ndi zakudya za nkhuku zamba. Chakudya chiyenera kugawidwa mu mitundu itatu - njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti asunge zokolola za Arau. M'mawa ndi madzulo tirigu wouma amaperekedwa kwa mbalame, pamasana - phala losakaniza. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, nkhuku zimapatsidwa masamba osiyanasiyana, monga nkhuku, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kudzaza thupi ndi mavitamini ndi mchere zomwe zimafunika kuti mbalamezi zizikhala bwino. 
M'nyengo yozizira, Araucan analimbikitsa kuti apereke dzungu, mizu ya grated, chakudya cha nsomba. Ndikofunika kupatsa anthu akuluakulu zonyansa kuchokera patebulo - nsomba, nyama, ndiwo zamasamba. Onetsetsani kuti mupereke nkhuku zowonjezera kupeza madzi abwino, zisinthe nthawi zonse ndikutsuka chidebecho. Ikani wodyetsa ndi miyala yabwino mu malo a mbalame kuti athe kukonza nkhuku.
Ndikofunikira! Muziyeretsa nthawi zonse chakudya chakale chomwe chili chofufumitsa kapena chopangidwa ndi nkhungu, chifukwa chakudya chotero ndi choopsa ndipo chingayambitse nkhuku zakufa.
Kuthamangira ku matenda
Chiberekero chakhala thanzi labwino ndipo kawirikawiri amadwala matenda. Vuto lokha limene limapezeka nthawi zambiri mbalame ndi maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kupeŵa kuipitsidwa, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muzipatsa chipinda ndi nthenga za nkhuku.
Nthawi zambiri nkhuku zimadwala mphutsi, anthu amadwala, amadya bwino. Kuti azindikire kupezeka kwa mphutsi, mbalame iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi veterinarian yemwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala kwa gulu lonse nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zina nthenda zimakhala pa nthenga za mbalame, zomwe zimakhudza dziko la anthu, zimadya bwino, zimakangana komanso zimawomba. Pankhaniyi, nthenga ndi nkhuku nkhupidwa ndi wapadera wothandizira ogula mankhwala ovomerezeka.
Nkhuku zowopsa kwambiri nkhuku zimalingaliridwa nthenga mite. Mbalame zimayamba kutaya nthenga zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kumeta. N'kosatheka kuchiza nkhuku kuchokera ku nthenga yambewu, choncho imaphedwa kotero kuti palibe wina amene ali ndi kachilomboka. 
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Ngati mukukonzekera kugula nkhuku za Araukan zowonongeka kunyumba, muyenera kulingalira za ubwino ndi zopweteka zonse, kotero kuti pamapeto pake simudzakhumudwa ndipo musadandaule ndi ndalama zomwe mwataya.
Kuti ubwino Mitundu ikuphatikizapo:
- chisangalalo cha chisamaliro;
- kusamvetsetsa ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa;
- kuyambika kwa dzira pa msinkhu wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi;
- zojambula;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mazira;
- kusasamala kwa kusintha kwa kutentha.
Kuti zovuta Mitundu ikuphatikizapo:
- khalidwe laukali la mipando;
- Kusakhala ndi makina osungirako makina mu nkhuku;
- mtengo wapatali wa nyama ndi mazira aang'ono chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mtunduwu.
Ndikofunikira! Pali zovuta kubzala mazira ndi zinyama, monga nkhuku yotuluka mu nkhuku imakhala ndi nthenga zambiri. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndibwino kuti tipewe vutoli kamodzi pamwezi.
Video: nkhuku za Araukan
Achikulire achikukana: ndemanga
Choncho, Araucans amasiyana ndi nkhuku zowoneka bwino komanso zizindikiro zina, ndipo aliyense akhoza kuziika pakhomo chifukwa safunikira kupereka zofunikira kapena kudetsa chakudya.
