Mizu ya mitundu yokongola ya Lydia, yomwe imakondedwa ndi minda yamphesa ya Moldova, Ukraine ndi kumwera kwa Russia chifukwa cha zokolola zawo komanso maonekedwe okongola a mipesa ndi masamba opsa, chifukwa cha fungo labwino kwambiri la zipatso, limapita kwambiri m'mbiri. Ndipo vinyo, ndi kupanikizana, ndi msuzi kuchokera ku mphesa uyu amatuluka bwino kwambiri. Ndipo Lidiya adawonekera chifukwa cha kukana kwa kholo lake ku matenda. Koma tisadzitangire tokha, tidzalankhula za chilichonse mwadongosolo.
Savage yomwe idapulumutsa mphesa ku Europe
Atatulukira ku America, mitundu yambiri ya zomera zomwe zimamera kumeneko zinabwera ku Europe. Pakati pawo panali mphesa zamtchire Vitis labruska, zomwe zinali zosangalatsa kwa obereketsa ngati njira yopangira mitundu yatsopano.
Vitis labruska mphesa zochokera ku America
Nthawi yomweyo, mphesa - ufa wa ufa (oidium) ndi phylloxera - osadziwika ndi matendawa, adalowanso ku Old World. Zotsatira zake, iwo sanawopere chomera chamtchire, ndipo mbewu zina zinayamba kufa ndi masse. Achiberekera anapeza njira yochotsera izi pomalumikiza mphesa zaku Europe zosakhazikika pamatenda kumizu. Zotsatira zake zinali kutuluka kwa mitundu yomwe imatha kupirira matenda, komanso yosangalatsa ndi fungo la zipatso. Posakhalitsa, obwera kumene adatchuka osati ku Europe kokha, komanso adafika ku Black Sea ndi Transcaucasia. Anayamba kutchedwa isabella ndi dzina la mitundu ya Isabella, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa. Izi zikuphatikizapo Tiras, Seibel, Rainor ndi ena. Gululi limaphatikizanso ndi Lidiya.
Tsopano amatchedwa mosiyana - Lydia pinki, ofiira kapena pinki Isabella. Ngakhale izi ndizolakwika kwathunthu. Isabella ndi mphesa yokhala ndi zipatso zofiirira zakuda, ku Lydia ndi pinki yakuda ndi utoto wofiirira. Ngakhale mphesa zonse ndi zofanana ndendende munjira zosiyanasiyana: kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zipatso, fungo lawo la sitiroberi, komanso njira yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi mitundu yaukadaulo, ndiko kuti, amapita kukapanga juwisi, vinyo, kunyumba - kupanikizana, ngakhale ali abwino komanso atsopano monga mphesa za patebulo.
Kuyambira 1999, ku European Union, komanso ku United States, vinyo wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphesa zosakanizidwa waletsedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mitundu yayikuluyi ya ma pectins, omwe pang'onopang'ono amasinthidwa kukhala ma methinols, omwe angayambitse kuvulaza kwamunthu. Pofuna kupewa zoopsa, ndibwino kudya zipatso zatsopano kapena kupanikizana.
Kodi zabwino Lidiya
Kukula kwa tchire ku Lydia kuli kwapamwamba kwambiri. Madera akumwera, komwe amakhala osabisala, mpesa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pozungulirapo nyumba. Mphukira za mphesa izi zimapsa bwino. Nthawi yakula, tchire la Lydia ndi lambiri kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuthamangitsa ndikudula ndikofunikira. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamba kubala zipatso zaka zitatu..
M'madera akumwera komwe Lydia amabisala popanda pogona, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana makoma a nyumba, zomangira, zipilala
Lidiya - sing'anga yakucha mitundu. Magulu a mphesa amakhala apakatikati kukula, otayirira, nthambi, mawonekedwe ake ofanana ndi ceso kapena silinda. Zipatsozo ndizazungulira, pomwe mawonekedwe awo ndi abwino ndi ofiira, okoma, odzaza. Khungu lolimba lomwe limakutidwa ndi lophimba wa lilac waxy, ndipo mnofu wa mucous umakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika la sitiroberi. Pakupsa, zipatsozo zimakhala zopanda mphamvu pamakola, chifukwa chake kukolola munthawi yake kumathandizira kuti mbewu ikhale yabwino. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'malo omwe kuli mphepo zamphamvu.
Kukana kwa Lydia ku kutentha kotsika kuli bwino kuposa mitundu yaku Europe. Amalephera kugwidwa ndi matenda okhala ndi ufa wa ufa ndi mphutsi kotero kuti simungathe kuchiza ndi mankhwala a matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, koma muyenera kuthira nthawi zonse ndi phylloxera. Lidiya ndiwabwino kuposa mitundu ina kuti apirire ndi chinyezi chowonjezera cha nthaka kapena mchere wake.
Lydia ndi mphesa yapakatikati, yopatsa zipatso, yabwino zipatso ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu
Ziwerengero zimati chiyani za Lidiya - tebulo
| Kukula kuyambira nthawi yamasamba | Masiku 150-160 |
| Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kogwira ntchito kuyambira chiyambi cha kukula mpaka kukhwima kwa ukadaulo | 3090 ºº |
| Kulemera kwakukulu kwa tsango la Ubwenzi | 100-110 g, yayikulu - 200-300 g |
| Kukula kwakukulu | Ø15 mm |
| Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mabulosi | 3-4 magalamu |
| Zopatsa mphamvu 100 g zipatso | 70-75 kcal. |
| Zambiri za shuga | 180-190 g / dm3 |
| Kuchuluka kwa asidi mu madzi okwanira 1 litre | 5.5-9.3 magalamu |
| Lochuluka kwa Hectare | mpaka matani 10-12 |
| Kukana chisanu | mpaka -26 ºº |
Timayamba kununkhira Lydia
Ndikwabwino kubzala mmera wa Lidiya mu Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, kuti chitsamba chikhale cholimba ndipo zimamuvuta kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Mutha kubzala mphesa kumapeto kwa Okutobala, mizu yozizira simatha kukula, koma muzolowera momwe zinthu zikukula.
Loamy, chernozemic kapena sandy loam nthaka, yokhala ndi acid ya pH 6-7, ndi yabwino kwambiri kubzala Lydia. Kutentha kwake sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa madigiri khumi, ndipo mpweya - khumi ndi asanu. Madzi oyaka pansi pa malo obzala mphesa azikhala osachepera mita imodzi ndi theka.
Malo obzala mmera wa Lydia amayenera kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa nthawi zonse, kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi mphepo.
Kukula kwa dzenje ndi kudzaza kwake pobzala Lydia ndizofanana ndi mitundu ina ya mphesa: kuya kwa 70-75 masentimita ndi m'lifupi, 15-20 cm, ngalande zosakanizidwa ndi feteleza. Ngati malo okonzekererawo sanakonzekere chiyambire kugwa, ndiye kuti mu nthawi ya masika nthaka m'nthaka imaloledwa kukhazikika, ndipo mmera umayikidwa mkati mwa sabata.
Mtsogolomo, kukulira kwamphesa komanso kutukuka kwa mphesa za ku Lydia nthawi zambiri kumachitika ntchito zingapo zaulimi. Kudulira ndi kumasula dothi pamalo a 0.5-0.6 m kuchokera pa tsinde ndikofunikira pa mphesa sabata iliyonse.
Kupangidwa kwa chitsamba kwa mphesa za Lydia ndikwabwino kutulutsa mawonekedwe.
Kupanga kwa mpesa zaka zoyambirira mutabzala - tebulo
| M'badwo wa mphesa | Kudulira | Mlingo wochepa |
| Chaka choyamba | Pambuyo masamba | Siyani mphukira 2-3 |
| Chaka chachiwiri | Isanayambike nyengo yokukula | Pa mpesa siyani ma peepholes atatu m'munsi mwake |
| Chaka chachitatu | Pambuyo masamba | Pa mipesa siyani maso a 3-4 kuti apange manja |
Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe apachaka apachaka, ofanana ndi chaka chachitatu, amapanga maulalo opangira zipatso ndi manja ena owonjezera. Kuphatikiza pakupanga kudulira kwa yophukira, njira yofananayi imapangidwanso mchaka, kuchotsa mphukira zozizira pa kutentha kwa mpweya kosachepera 5 ºº, ndipo nthawi yotentha, kudula mitengo yotsala.
Kuphatikiza pakupanga kudulira kwa nthawi yophukira, njira yaukhondo imachitidwanso mchaka, kuchotsa mphukira zachisanu, ndipo nthawi yotentha, kuchotsa mitengo yotsikira
Lidiya amathiriridwa, ndikuthira m'nkhokwe pafupifupi 20 cm, okumbidwa ndi mulitali wa thunthu, malita 12-16 amadzi pachitsamba chilichonse:
- kudulira masika;
- atasakaniza mpesa kwa trellis;
- ndi mphukira kutalika 25 cm;
- pamaso maluwa;
- pambuyo maluwa;
- ndi zipatso zakupsa;
- mutakolola.
Mukamwetsa madzi, dothi pafupi ndi mitengo ya mphesa limamasulidwa.
Lidiya amayamika feteleza wa feteleza. Zipatso zake zimacha bwino. Pangani zokonzekera mu mawonekedwe owuma mukakumba pansi kapena munjira yothanirana ndi kuthirira. Ndikofunika kuperekanso zovala zapamwamba nthawi yakomerayi yomwe ikufunika kwambiri.
Mphesa kuvala pamwamba - tebulo
| Nthawi yamasamba | Feteleza |
| Asanatsegule impso | Malita 10 amadzi:
|
| Crescent asanafike maluwa | Malita 10 amadzi:
|
| Nthawi yakucha ya mphesa | Malita 10 amadzi:
|
| Mukakolola | Pa 1 m2 potaziyamu mankhwala enaake 15 g. |
Ngati pangafunike kupanga malo abwino oti mphesa zimere ndikukula, zitha kuthandizidwa kumayambiriro kasupe ndikusamutsa (ndiye kuti, kusuntha limodzi ndi mtanda wazambiri pamizu) kukhala dzenje latsopano. Zikhale za kukula kotero kuti mizu ya mphesa ikwanira bwino.
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Ikukhwimira malinga ndi Kharkov - pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Koma ndimayamba kuyika zipatso zoyambirira kucha mu 20 Ogasiti. Ndiwosasinthika kwambiri ndipo sinayikidwepo ndi chilichonse, ngakhale chitsamba choyamba chakhala chikukula kwa zaka makumi anayi. Chaka chatha, adakhudzidwa ndi mtima wofatsa, koma osati wotsutsa, chifukwa mpesa udapsa ndipo udakolola bwino. Ndipo vinyo wochokera mmenemo si woyipa. Ndi gawo labwino "kwa anthu aulesi."
dzug//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=14546
usiku watatsala chisanu chomaliza kupha tsamba pa mphesa, koma zipatso zomwe zinali pachisanu cha Lydia zidapulumuka .. Mvula imasokoneza ndikutola zipatso.Ngati zipatsozo zimawuma, ndimazitenga ndikuziika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba.Parazipinda zimasungidwa bwino mpaka chaka chatsopano. chaka chatsopano. Moldova, mwatsoka, ilibe nthawi yakucha chifukwa palibenso choloweza m'malo mwa lidia.
ioan//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=14546
Ndimakonda kulima Lydia French kuchokera ku mitundu ya isabel (okondedwa athu amati adachokera ku Dnepropetrovsk dera) .Inayamba kufalikira pansi pa mayina akuti Lydia French ndi Crimean Rose. Zimasiyana bwanji ndi wamba wa Lidiya .. Poyamba, mabulosi amakula (5-6 g), mabulosi amakhala odzala kwambiri ndi mapewa. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda kuti ugundike. Ndipo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikudya popanda thumba, khungu silimamveka. Fungo lamtundu wina wa pinki. Lili lofunikira kwambiri pakati pa omwe amatchedwa aulesi okhala chilimwe. Zambiri, Ivan.
Ivan Kravtsov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=82&page=37
Khola lokhazikika, kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kukana bwino matenda ambiri a mphesa, mitundu ya Lydia ndi yoyenera kulimidwa kumwera kwa Russia. Kutengera ukadaulo waulimi, adzakondweretsa wopangavinyo ndi zipatso zokoma, zonunkhira bwino komanso zathanzi kwa nthawi yayitali, adzakhala chokongoletsera cha tsamba lonse komanso chida chabwino kwambiri chofunikira kupanikizana.
