Malangizo othandizira kukonza nkhaka m'nyumba, nyumba kapena pansi: Zomwe mungasankhe, ndi bwino kubzala, momwe mungasamalire bwino

Zipangizo zamakono zopangira nkhaka m'nyumba mwakhama zakhala zikuyesedwa, sizili zovuta ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi masauzande a mafanizi.

Nkhaka mwakula pawindo, pa khonde, loggia ndi ngakhale chapansi.

Kukula nkhaka mu nyumba: mbewu, mitundu, malo, mphamvu

Timafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zigawo zonse momwe tingamerekere nkhaka kunyumba m'nyengo yozizira?

Yolani mbewu

Kukula nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira kunyumba, mbeu zimayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Nkhaka zam'mudzi ziyenera kukhala:

Fruited short, ndi kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira kuyambira 6 cm mpaka 25 cm.
Mthunzi wololeraosaopa kusintha kwa kutentha.
Kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa nyengo, ndi fruiting nthawi ya miyezi 4 kapena 6.
Zothandiza.

Zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa parthenocarpic F1 hybrids. Mitengo imeneyi yokhala ndi mungu wochokera kumadzi imakhala ndi maluwa okhaokha. Kwa kulima nkhaka kunyumba yotchuka kwambiri ndi oyambirira oyambirira:

April;
Pindulani;
Zozulya;
Carmen;
Goosebump;
Pita;
Regina;
Schedryk;
Pewani

Kuchokera pakati pa zaka zoyambirira za nkhaka zowonjezera nyumba ndizo zabwino:

Wopikisano;
Nyumba yamphumphu;
Balagan;
Bianca;
Berendey;
Mzinda;
Kum'mawa;
Claudia;
Kulimba mtima;
Marinade;
Masha;
Manul;
Chikondi;
Kutentha.

ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Nkhumba za nkhaka zowonongeka sizoyenera kulima.

Njuchi mungu wowawa nkhaka hybrids, m'nyumba ndi wowonjezera kutentha kulima, zimafunika pollination.

Ntchitoyi imafuna luso lina komanso nthawi yowonjezera.

Koma ngakhale zili choncho, alimi amakula pakhomo njuchi mungu wowawa nkhaka hybrids:

Gribovsky 2;
Chidutswa;
Manul;
Kudabwa;
Famu yaing'ono;
Sungani.

Kukula ndi njuchi mungu wowawa nkhaka mitundu:

Malo a Rytov;
Marfinsky.

Chizindikiro! Kuyamitsa masamba a nkhaka kumachitika m'mawa.. Ndi swab ya thonje, burashi yofewa imapereka mungu kuchokera ku maluwa opanda maluwa kupita ku maluwa ndi ovary (akazi). Mutha kukhudza pestle yaikazi ndi maluwa amphongo ndi zidutswa zong'ambika.

Maluwa amodzi amodzi amakula mosiyana. Male mawonekedwe magulu mu axils masamba.

Nkhaka zowonjezera zimapitirira nyengo yonse ya maluwa, mpaka oyamba atulukira. Kuwonjezera zokolola za nkhaka odziwa amateurs amalangiza pollinating akazi maluwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu.

Kusankha malo

Kukula nkhaka mu nyumba ndi bwino pa zinyumba zotentha, loggias, verandas, mawindo omwe amayang'ana kum'mwera, kum'maŵa, kumadzulo.

Mbali ya kumpoto si yoyenera kukula. Zofunikira siziyenera kukhala zojambula.

Kodi kukula?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungapange: madengu, zidebe, mabokosi, mabokosi, miphika. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mphamvu ya tank inali yosachepera 5 malita.. Madzi amasungidwa pansi - ang'onoang'ono miyala, zidutswa zadongo, lalikulu utuchi. Pangani mabowo kuti muchotse madzi owonjezera.

Chizindikiro! Pofuna kusunga mabotolo akuluakulu a pulasitiki, gwiritsani ntchito matumba awiri apulasitiki kuti asokoneze.

Kodi kukula nkhaka mu nyumba: sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo

Tsiku lofika

Nthawi kudalira pa zosiyanasiyana nkhaka zosankhidwazokula. Ganizirani dera la chipindamo, kuthekera kwa kutentha ndi kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya, chigawo cha nyengo.

Kugulira tebulo la Chaka chatsopano kukhwima nkhaka zomwe zinamera kumapeto kwa October. Kuyambira mu January kumera kumayamba kukolola mu March. Nthawi yambiri yoyamba ya fruiting kuchokera ku maonekedwe a mphukira yoyamba ndi masiku 40-50. Mphepo ya February ndi kucha kwa maholide a May.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Mu sitolo mugule nthaka yonse kapena Kusakaniza kwa kukula kwa mbewu za dzungu.

Mwadzidzidzi okonzeka malinga ndi zovomerezeka maphikidwe:

Magawo ofanana a peat, humus. Galasi la phulusa la nkhuni mu chidebe chosakaniza.
1/3 gawo la nkhuni, munda wamunda, kompositi ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga wowerengeka wa mtsinje, phulusa, utuchi wovunda.

Dziko lapansi limatetezedwa mwachindunji m'njira imodzi:

Zowonongeka.
Kutaya Thirani (90 ° C) yotentha (potassium) yamdima wakuda pinani.
Wotentha mu uvuni.
Njira makampani apadera okonzekera.
Nitrofosku kapena kubweretsa zonse zovuta feteleza. Amatsanulira m'mitsuko, amatsuka kwambiri, amasiyidwa tsiku loti compaction.

Kufesa

Nkhaka Mbewu pickle 20-30 Mphindi mufooka njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Osamba. Zouma. Siyani masiku 2-3 kuti mufufuze mu sauvu ndi madzi otentha, atakulungidwa mu madzi a madzi oundana, onetsetsani pa thonje. Werengani zambiri za kukonzekera mbewu musanadzalemo.
Anamira Mbewu za Nkhaka yofesedwa mozama pafupifupi centimita. Bzalani mbeu 1-2 mu buku limodzi la lita imodzi pamtunda wa masentimita 2-3 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Madzi.
Kuwonetsera malo owala. Sungani kutentha kwa + 22-25 ° C masana, + 16-18 ° C usiku.
Kusunga chinyezi chofunikira chophimba ndi zojambulajambula, galasi.
Pa zikamera mphukira wa nkhaka pogona atachotsedwa. Chotsani mphukira yofooka. Yambani kuyatsa magetsi.

Chizindikiro! Pofuna kuthetseratu kuopsa kokhala mopitirira muyeso mizu ya nkhaka, mapepala apulasitiki, owomerera, ndi wandiweyani plywood amaikidwa pansi pa zitsamba ndi zolima.

Kuunikira

N'zosatheka kukula nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira kunyumba popanda kuyatsa. Tsiku lowala liyenera kukhala maola 12-14. Kumalo ozungulira pakati pa Russia, m'matawuni, ku Siberia, kuyambira mu December mpaka February, luminescence ikuchitika kuyambira maola 16 mpaka 20.

Njira zopangira magetsi (kupulumutsa mphamvu, fulorosenti, LED) zimakhazikitsidwa patali pamtunda wa 30-40 masentimita.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira, zolemba zowunikira ndi magalasi zowala zimayikidwa.

Kutentha

Mpaka zomera zimapanga zomera, kutentha kumakhalabe osati kuposa 16 ° С. Pambuyo pa mapangidwe a lashes, kutentha kwa masiku a dzuwa kumakhalabe pa 24-26 ° С, ngati nyengo yamvula ndi usiku + 18-20 ° С

Kuthirira

Kuthirira pa tsiku lotentha tsiku lirilonse, pa tsiku la mitambo tsiku lirilonse.. Madzi ayenera kutetezedwa, kubweretsa kutentha. Nthaŵi zambiri m'nyengoyi, amamwetsa ndi vuto lochepa la pink potassium permanganate.

Zimathandiza kupopera zomera kawiri pa tsiku, koma masamba ayenera kuuma usiku. Kuthirira nkhaka kumakhala pansi pazu kapena kutsanulira madzi mu trays.

Chizindikiro! Kuwonjezera chinyezi mu chipinda, radiator ili ndi nsalu yonyowa. Ikani pafupi ndi nkhaka zophika mbale ndi madzi. Phatikizani anthu omvera.

Yambani

Mimbampu yakumunda imakhala kutalika kwa mamita awiri ndi amafuna garters. Garala imapangidwa pogwiritsidwa ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito ntambo kapena chingwe cha nylon.

Kupanga chitsamba

Pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu lachiwonetsero, onetsetsani pamwamba kuti mupange chitsamba muwiri zimayambira. Masamba asanu otsatirawa atabwerera, njirayi imabwerezedwa.

Kuphatikizana kumbali kumbali kumapangidwe kumbali ya 1-2-3 tsamba.

Kupaka pamwamba

Kuvala koyamba kumathera pambuyo pakuonekera kwa masamba awiri enieni. Dyetsani yankho la 3-4 g nitrophoska pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Mlingo wamagetsi pa chomera ndi galasi.

Angagwiritse ntchito yankho la supuni imodzi ya urea mu 5 malita a madzi. Dyetsa kamodzi pa masabata awiri.

Pakubwera kwa Zelentsov, zomera zimadyetsedwa sabata iliyonse, kusinthana pakati pa mchere ndi feteleza. Monga zowonjezera zowonjezera zimagwiritsa ntchito njira 20% za nkhuku manyowa kapena superphosphate. Kwa mchere, 30-40 g wa nitrophosphate amasungunuka mu chidebe cha madzi, supuni ya tiyi ya Agrolife kapena 2 zikho za Kukonzekera Kukula zikuwonjezeka ndi kuthirira.

Kapena, patatha mlungu umodzi amathera Kudyetsa nkhaka ndi njira za biohumus. Miphika iwiri yokhala ndi mpweya wochepa wa potassium permanganate.

Chizindikiro! Nkhani yodalirika ndi yankho la mapuloteni osakanizidwa a banki, mkate wa mkate.

Matenda

Nkhaka zakula mu nyumba zimakhala ndi kangaude ndi whiteflies. Kupopera mbewu ndi madzi a sopo kumathandiza, ndizoopsa kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nyumba.

Kukolola

Zelentsy kusonkhana tsiku lililonse, osalola kuti akule. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe atsopano apangidwe, amachepetse katunduyo, amalepheretsa zomera, kuchepa kwa nkhaka.

Kukula m'nyumba

Palibe osiyana zamakono zamakono kukulitsa nkhaka mu nyumba. Komabe, anthu okhala m'mudzimo, eni eni nyumba amakhala ndi mwayi wochuluka wolima nkhaka pamtunda wofiira chaka chonse.

Zizindikiro za ulimi wowonjezera kutentha

Lekani kukolola mitundu yobiriwira nkhaka.
Mukamabzala mbande, onetsetsani kuti mumalowa m'chitsime chokhala ndi mavitamini kapena manyowa omwe amavuta bwino, ndi kuwonjezera 10 g ya phosphorous, 5 g wa nayitrogeni, 15 g wa potaziyamu pa 1 m².
Pamene tikufika Khalani ndi mbande ya nkhaka pamtunda wa masentimita 40 kuchokera mzakekusiya mita pakati pa mizere. Madzi ambiri.
Gwiritsani ntchito njira, zothandizira.
Shrub nkhaka mawonekedwe ngati akukula pakhomo.
Chotsani masamba a chikasu ndi opunduka..
Yoyamba kudya pambuyo pa masabata 4. Chomera chilichonse chimadya 1-2 malita a 0,3% amadzimadzi a phosphorous-potaziyamu njira. Pa nthawi ya fruiting, feteleza imachitika mlungu uliwonse.
Pa opambana mpweya kutentha, kuthirira kumachitika pa mlingo wa 2-3 malita a madzi pa chitsamba.

Kupewa ndi Kuletsa Matenda

Kuyenera kusintha nthaka chaka chilichonse. Pangani microflora yothandiza. Lembani mankhwala monga Fitosporin M, manyowa ovunda, kulowetsedwa kwa nettle.
Onetsetsani mpweya wabwino.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kangaude, whitefly, nyerere, nthaka imatetezedwa mwachitsulo. Pakadutsa masiku asanu ndi atatu, perekani zitsamba karbofosom.
Nkhumba, mpiru, coriander, adyo, basil, fodya amabzalidwa pakati pa mizere. Iwo amawopsyeza kutali tizirombo za nkhaka.
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi whitefly zimatsuka ndi madzi ozizira. Apukuta masamba a nkhaka ndi madzi a sopo.

Kodi n'zotheka kukula pansi?

Mu zipinda zamatabwa zonyamulira zonyamulira kuchotsa 200 makilogalamu a nkhaka kuchokera ku 1 m².

Ndalama zazikulu zimayesedwa kuti zimapereka kuwala kwabwino komanso kutentha.

Zofunikira pa chipinda chapansi kwa kukula kwa nkhaka

Kutentha sayenera kugwera ku zizindikiro zosayenerera chaka chonse.
Kusakhala kwa makoswe, nkhungu, bowa.
Kukhazikika, chitetezo kuchokera ku zojambula, madzi olowera pansi.

Zida Zam'munsi

Sakanizani pansi ndi makoma. kuika zida.
Ikani heaters, kutentha ndi magetsi. Monga nyali zoyenera kwambiri arc mercury nyali kapena nyali za incandescent. Kuti mukhale ophweka, mugwiritseni ntchito nthawi.
Sungani dongosolo la mpweya wabwino.
Sankhani zowonjezera: hydroponics kapena dothi.
Zolinga za nthaka ndi zofanana ndi kukula nkhaka kunyumba ndi greenhouses.

Hydroponics ndi yothandiza kwambiri kumunda wapansi. Quartz, granite granules ndi mamita 50-20 mm ndi zakudya zamchere ndi mkulu wa nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorous ntchito. Njira yothetsera madzi imatha kugulidwa ku sitolo kapena kuphika nokha.

Zizindikiro za kukula

Khalani ndi rassadny njira.
Nkhaka mbande anabzala nthawi iliyonse ya chaka.
Tsatirani zomwe zimafunikira za nkhaka zaulimi.
Pofuna kulimbana ndi tizilombo, makoswe, amasintha fumbi, mabomba a utsi, zilonda zamoto, zida zapadera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuchokera ku matenda a fungal, nkhungu, moss nthaka makoma ndi anti-fungal formulations.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kulima kwapansi

Zopindulitsa zosatsutsika zikuphatikizapo zokolola zazikulu, pickling nkhaka mosasamala nyengo, nyengo. Nthawi yofupikitsidwa kuchokera pakukwera kwa mbande ya nkhaka kuti ikolole. Patapita miyezi iwiri kubwerera kwa mbande, maluwa oyambirira akuphuka.

Chosavuta chachikulu ndi mtengo wa nkhaka.

Kodi n'zotheka kukula nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira? Ngati mukufuna, khalani nkhaka chaka chonse. Kuchokera kunyumba-wamkulu chitsamba okonda kutenga 35-40 zidutswa nkhaka.