Mame a petunias: njira zothandizira komanso zowononga

Ndi kulakwitsa kochepa mu chisamaliro, chifundo petunia chimayamba kupweteka. Woyamba kwambiri mdani wa maluwa ndi powdery mildew spores. Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumayambira pachizindikiro choyamba, ngakhale pamene maluwa amaonekera pamasamba, amalima ambiri amazindikira kuti ndi fumbi. Chifukwa cha nthawi yotayika, chomeracho chikhoza kufa. Zomwe mungachite pamene powdery mildew ikuwonekera pa petunias, ndi zizindikiro ziti zosamvetsetseka za matendawa ndi njira zake zothandizira - izi zidzakambidwa pambuyo pake.

Kodi ndi zoopsa ndipo zimachokera kuti?

Fungal mycelium, omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa awonongeke, amakhala m'nthaka ndikudzimva okha pachikhalidwe choyamba. Kawirikawiri zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulogalamuyi ikhale yowonongeka ndi nyengo yozizira komanso kusamalidwa bwino.

Mukudziwa? Petunia anapezeka koyamba ndi botanist ku dziko la Uruguay ndipo adalandiridwa ku fodya. Choncho, maluwawo poyamba ankatchedwa Nicotiana axillaris.

Malingana ndi akatswiri, amachititsa kuti kukula kwa powdery mildew foci kukhale:

• Zakudya zamadzimadzi zambiri mumphika;
• Kupanda mpweya wokwanira wa zomera, umene umayambidwa ndi kufesa kwakukulu (zitsanzo zoterezi ziyenera kuchepetsedwa);
• kusamba osaphunzira, pamene wamaluwa amalola kuti dothi ladothi liume, ndiyeno limatsanulira kwambiri ndi madzi, kapena, mosiyana, pamene ilo limatulutsa popanda kuyembekezera kuti mpira ukhale wouma;
• nyengo yoipa, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumafika pamwamba pa 60%, kutentha kwa 15-25 ° C (chifukwa cha matendachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ku petunias pamsewu);
• madzi oweta wothirira;
• Malo okhala ndi matenda odwala kapena kukhudzana ndi manja omwe anakhudza foci;
• kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa chitsamba;
• kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha;
• kufalikira ndi mphepo ya fungal microorganms.

Ndikofunikira! Ma petunias omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatetezedwa mwazidzidzidzi ndi kuwaza ndi kukonzekera ndi kumwa. Pankhani ya zomera zamkati, sill imachiritsidwa ndi sill, mphika ndi thireyi.

Zizindikiro za maonekedwe

Matendawa amayamba kuwonekera mdima wofiira woyera pa mphukira zazing'ono ndi mbali imodzi ya chomera, ndipo pakapita nthawi amazitenga. Choyamba, masamba omwe ali pafupi ndi nthaka amakhudzidwa. Pazigawo zoyamba za fungal mycelium, madontho ang'onoang'ono a chinyezi amadziwika mu "fumbi" ili. Ngati muyang'anitsitsa, ndiye pamapiritsi a masamba, kumene mycelium imamangirizira, mukhoza kuona zilonda zazing'ono, chifukwa choti petunia tsiku ndi tsiku amatha. Muyenera kuchita zozizwitsa zoyamba za matenda. Apo ayi, chikhalidwe chidzachepa chitetezo chokwanira ndi kuvunda chidzakula.

Powdery mildew imayambanso m'nyumba (violets, orchids, Kalanchoe) ndi maluwa a maluwa (roses, hydrangeas, asters, phloxes).

Kupewa ndi agrotechnical malamulo

Kuti musaganizire za maluwa oyera pa masamba a petunia ndi kuswa mutu wanu kusiyana ndi kuchiza, mungathe kuchotsa fungus ndi mabakiteriya osakanizidwa. Koma ngati muli ndi kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa malamulo a kulima, ngakhale majeremusi sangasunge.

Ndikofunikira! Mukapezeka pa masamba a petunia, mycelium powdery mildew amasiya duwa kupopera mbewu ndi kudyetsa ndi nayitrogeni. Amatengedwa kuchokera ku maluwa ena pamalo otentha.

Choncho, perekani chomera choyenera:

1. Pangani lamulo: madzi maluwa pokhapokha mutsempha pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Madzi odzola ayenera kukhazikika ndi kutentha mpaka kutentha.
2. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi pang'anani pang'onopang'ono kunja kwa gululo ndipo nthawi iliyonse muchotse akufa ndi kukhudzana ndi masamba a pansi.
3. Musadwale ndi nayitrogeni panthawi ya feteleza, mphindi ino ndi yofunika kwambiri pakupanga peduncles.
4. Musamanyalanyaze zitsulo za potassium-phosphate, zomwe akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti chitukuko cha mthupi chitengeke maluwa.
5. Yang'anani zimayambira ndi masamba pamlungu, ndikuyang'anitsitsa mbali ya muzu.
6. Nthawi zonse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi biofungicides.

Njira zolimbana ndi "mliri"

Ngati nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuti athe kuchita zowononga komanso pali zizindikiro zomveka za matenda pa duwa, pitani mwamsanga kuchipatala. Chinthu choyamba choyenera kuchita ndikutaya chidutswa cha petunia kuchokera kwa anansi abwino. Dulani madera onse okhudzidwa, ngakhale asanakhale ndi nthawi yotsegula masamba. Zotsalirazi ziyenera kutenthedwa kuti zisatengere matenda m'munda.

Ndikofunikira! Petunias yaing'ono, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi powdery mildew, imalowetsedwa mu njira yothandizira. Momwemo, nthaka ndi zobiriwira zimatetezedwa.

Ngati tikukamba za maluwa a chipinda, ndiye kuti ayenera kuikidwa mu gawo latsopano. Pansi pa munda wa petunias owazidwa ndi 2-cm wosanjikiza nkhuni phulusa. Kuwonjezera pa kutetezedwa kwa disinfection kumadalira kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi zofuna zanu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira kuti muthane ndi powdery mildew kapena agrochemical.

Manyowa amapatsa zipatso za zipatso (currants, gooseberries, mphesa, mapichesi, maapulo, yamatcheri) ndi munda wamaluwa (nkhaka, tomato, kabichi, kaloti, zukini, mavwende).

Maphikidwe a anthu

Olima omwe akudziwa bwino akulangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama izi kuti athe kupewa komanso poyambitsa matenda. Zomwe zimafunidwa zidzakhala zotheka ngati fungal mycelium ikumenyana ndi wokondedwa wanu wobiriwira kwa masiku oposa 4. Apo ayi, kuyesetsa konse kudzakhala kopanda phindu.

Ngati muli ndi nthawi ndi nthawi yomaliza, yesetsani kukonzekera "kusakanikirana koopsa" kwa phulusa la nkhuni. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira 200 g zokhazokha, 5 malita a madzi otenthedwa kufika 40 ° C, ndi 30 g wa sopo wamadzi. Sakanizani bwino bwino, khalani pansi pang'ono. Pukuta ndi masiku awiri a tsiku ndikuonetsetsa kuti mkhalidwewo uli bwanji. Kuwonjezera apo, onjezeraninso 5 malita a madzi ku zotsalirazo ndikutsanulira pa chitsime.

Mukudziwa? The asteroid, yomwe inapezeka mu 1921, imatchedwa maluwa.

Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo yankho la iodine, lomwe limapangidwa muyeso ya 1 ml / 1 l. Soda phulusa imathandizanso kwambiri. 10 g wa ufa pa 2 malita a madzi otentha ndi supuni 1 ya sopo madzi ndi okwanira kuchiza chikhalidwe katatu ndi mlungu uliwonse. Garlic kapena peyala anyezi pamtunda ndi madzi otentha ndi ayodini amapereka zotsatira zabwino. Njira yokhayo ya njirayi ndifunika kuumirira yankho la maola 48. Chida chikakonzeka, chomeracho chidzafuna mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri.

Kuteteza kufalikira ndi kuyambitsa fungal mycelium ndi kotheka ndi yankho la potassium permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate), mkaka ndi whey. Mu ndemanga, alimi amadziwa kuti njira zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zogwira mtima kwambiri ndipo amaziyerekezera ndi fungicides. Mwachitsanzo, amalemba kuti mankhwala "Phenarimol" ndi "Benomil" amatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndi mkaka woyeretsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10.

Mukudziwa? Alimi amayiko akunja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okonda zachilengedwe amakonda zakudya za mkaka kuti azichita ndi powdery mildew.

Kukonzekera

Ngati matendawa amatha pafupifupi sabata imodzi, m'pofunika kupulumutsa petunia pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okonzekera bwino. Pazochitika zambiri za agrochemistry, mbiri yabwino kwambiri pakati pawo:

1. Mkuwa wa sulfate. Njira yothetsera ikukonzekera mu chiŵerengero cha 50 g pa 10 l madzi. Kupopera mbewu kumalimbikitsidwa kukwanilitsidwa kamodzi kokha pa nyengo, choncho ndi bwino kuchita izi ndi cholinga choteteza m'chaka.
2. Sulfure colloid. Zokwanira kuthetsa 30-50 g mu ndowa 10-lita imodzi ya madzi. Koma kutentha kwa mpweya pakusakaniza sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 20 ° C, mwinamwake bowa sudzawonongedwa. Kutentha, pamene thermometer ikukwera pamwamba pa 32 ° C, ndi bwino kukana kukonkha.
3. "Topaz". Pofuna kuchiza, njirayi imatetezedwa motetezedwa pakamwa 2 ml pa 10 l madzi. Kuwaza kumabwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku atatu. Mankhwala atatu okha amaloledwa, koma nthawi zambiri maluwa amatha pambuyo pake. Ngati mankhwala a prophylaxis, kachilombo ka disinfection ikulimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa masiku 12.
4. "Readzol". Ndili wothandizira kwambiri, koma, mwatsoka, imagulitsidwa kugulitsidwa pokhapokha (makilogalamu 5-20 aliwonse). Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa peresenti ya 10 g pa 10 l. Analoledwa kukonkha 2.

Mukudziwa? Petunia adalowa m'munda wamaluwa kukonza mwachisangalalo mu 1834, pamene mtundu wake woyamba unayamba.

Zina mwa zamoyo za fungicides zikutsogolera "Fitosporin", "Alirin-B", "Pseudobacterin". Zinthuzi ndizoyenera kwambiri kupopera mankhwala a petunias kuposa mankhwala. Mulimonsemo, maluwawo ayenera kutetezedwa mwachangu, kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe mvula imathandizira ndi momwe mungachitire nayo. Inde, nthawi zonse zimakhala zosavuta kupewa matenda kusiyana ndi kuchiza.