Kodi sitiroberi limakonda dziko lotani: momwe mungakonzere nthaka ndikuisamalira nthaka mutabzala

Strawberry, monga chamoyo chilichonse, chimakula bwino ndi kubereka zipatso m'malo abwino. Ngati chomera sichikusoweka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake polimbirana moyo, chimasangalatsa kukolola bwino komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pamikhalidwe yabwino ndi nthaka yabwino komanso yokonzedwa bwino.

Kuphatikizika ndi kapangidwe ka dothi zofunika pa sitiroberi

Strawberry sangatchulidwe kuti ndi yopanda mbewu kwambiri, koma posankha malo oti mubzale, ndikofunikira kuti muzisamalira kapangidwe ka nthaka ndikuikonzekera bwino. Zofunikira zofunikira m'nthaka kuti zikule bwino ndi izi:

• chonde;
• kupepuka;
• mulingo woyenera wa acidity;
• zabwino chinyezi kupezeka;
• kusowa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zofunika! Kubzala sitiroberi akhoza kukonza mu dothi lamtundu uliwonse, kupatulapo acidified wamphamvu, solonchak ndi calcareous.

Nthaka yokonzedwa bwino, sitiroberi amakula bwino ndi kubereka zipatso zambiri

Kukhathamiritsa kwa dothi kwa sitiroberi

Nthaka yabwino kwambiri kwa mabulosi amchenga ndi mchenga kapena loamy. Mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi zabwino zambiri:

• kusamalira kosavuta;
• chakudya chokwanira;
• kupuma bwino;
• mikhalidwe yabwino;
• amasintha mwachangu ndi kuzizira pang'onopang'ono.

Kapangidwe ka dothi lamchenga ndi dothi lonyowa sikufunikira kukonza. Pokonzekera malo oti mubzale pamadothi oterowo, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsanso chakudya kuchokera mukuphatikiza zinthu zakutizakuti (theka la chidebe pa mita imodzi) ndi feteleza wamaaminolo.

Chonde chambiri komanso chotsimikizika polimidwa kwa mabulosi a udzu ndi dothi la chernozem, koma, mwatsoka, ndizosowa kwambiri pazomera zapakhomo

Kapangidwe ka dothi lonyansa, dothi lolemera kumathanso kusintha, ndikukonzanso zofunikira zovomerezeka. Mukamakonza malezala oti mubzale dothi, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kwa izi:

• peat;
• mchenga wowuma;
• laimu;
• phulusa.

Zowonjezera za peat ndi mchenga zimakhala ngati ufa wophika, zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi madzi abwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito laimu kapena phulusa kumapangitsa kuti acidity yowonjezereka ibweretse peat, imathandizira nthaka.

Zothandiza! Pa ndowa iliyonse ya peat yomwe ikubwera, onjezani supuni ziwiri za ufa wa dolomite kapena kapu ya phulusa.

Sinthani kukhudzika kwa nthaka komanso kuphatikiza kwa utuchi wazovunda:

• utuchi watsopano umasungunuka ndi yankho la urea (1 tbsp.spoon pa madzi okwanira 1 litre);
• dolomite ufa kapena phulusa limawonjezeredwa ndi kuphatikizika komwe kunasakanizidwa, kusakanizidwa ndikusiyidwa kwa masiku angapo muchikwama chopanda madzi pamalo otentha.

Sawdust yokonzedwa motere imalidwa mu dothi panthawi yophukira kukumba malowa. Manyowa a mahatchi ndi abwino ngati feteleza wachilengedwe wadongo.

Manyowa a mahatchi amawotha bwino, amatulutsa kutentha msanga, amasiyanasiyana m'mbewu zochepa zaudzu ndipo samakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a manyowa a microflora

Dothi lamchenga ndilopanda chonde, kotero musanakonzere mabedi a sitiroberi, kompositi, humus, dongo kapena ufa wokumba uyenera kuwonjezedwa. Kuti mupange bedi lachonde pamalo omwe pali dothi lamchenga, pomwe mutha kupeza zokolola zambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi:

1. Kukupanga malo pomwe mgawo udzakhale.
2. Ikani pansi pa mabedi amtsogolo ndi dongo.
3. Pamwamba pa dongo tsanulira dothi 30-25 masentimita (nthaka yamchenga, loamy, loamy, chernozem).

Mtengo wopangira munda wokumba ulipira ndi mbeu yabwino

Njira zomwe zatengedwa zithandizira kukonza dothi, kuchulukitsa chakudya, ndikupatsanso mpweya komanso chinyontho chokwanira.

Asidi acidity

Mwamtheradi, kuchuluka kwa nthaka m'nthaka kungatsimikizidwe pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa zasayansi. Kunyumba, mutha kuyikanso chizindikiro ichi, komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zachidziwikire, izi sizikhala zolondola kwathunthu, koma zithandiza kudziwa njira zoyenera zokwaniritsira acidity.

Viniga ya tebulo ingathandize kudziwa kuchuluka kwa nthaka. Muyenera kutenga dothi pang'ono ndikuthira pamenepo ndi acetic acid. Ngati thovu laling'ono libwera pansi dothi loyesamo, ndiye kuti pali dothi lokwanira lomwe limazimitsa viniga, kutanthauza kuti dothi ndilosavomerezeka. Popanda kuchitapo kanthu, titha kunena kuti dothi lomwe linali pachiwembucho limapatsidwa asidi.

Kupezeka kwa zochita za viniga ndi dothi kumatsimikizira kuti kusaloŵererapo kwake (kachifaniziro kumanzere), nthaka ya acidic sikutulutsa izi (chithunzi chithunzi)

Njira inanso ndikuwunikira zizindikiro za acidity, zomwe zingaphatikizepo zomera zamtchire, zomwe zafalikira mwachilengedwe ndipo zili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu.

Gome: Zomera za acidity nthaka

Kusintha Kwachilengedwe kwa Dothi la Strawberry

Udzu wamasamba amakonda pang'ono dothi acidic komanso ndale. Kuti nthaka ya acidic ikhale yothandiza kubzala sitiroberi, iyenera kupangidwa. Poimitsa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitsinje, tufa ya mitsinje, ufa wa dolomite, marl, miyala ya pansi, ndi fluff.

Zofunika! Dothi lopangidwa posachedwa limatha kuletsa mizu ya sitiroberi, kotero kuyimitsa kumachitika bwino kwambiri pasadakhale, pansi pa mbewu zam'mbuyomu.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa laimu kumachitika mu nthawi yophukira ndi masika nthawi yomwe kukumba

Ngati mwachedwa ndi njira yolekerera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuchedwetsa mpaka mabulosiwo atazika mizu ndikulimba.

Gome: Mlingo wa laimu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi

Tcherani khutu! Phulusa la nkhuni ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera acid padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa deoxidation zotsatira, phulusa ndi gwero la calcium, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zinthu zambiri zokutsatira.

Phulusa lamatabwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito poimitsa nthaka, chifukwa limapangidwa 18-36% calcium calciumate

Kutulutsa utoto

Kuti zoyesayesa zokulira mabulosi zisasalidwe ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti njira yodzala ndi dothi ithekedwe pokonzekera malo obzala sitiroberi. Ndizofunikira kwambiri zitunda zotsekeka, malo obiriwira ndi malo obiriwira, momwe malo abwino amatha kupangidwira osati kokha chifukwa chomera chomera, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Pali njira zingapo zothanirana ndi dothi:

• mankhwala;
• agrotechnical;
• kwachilengedwe.

Zofunika! Mukamakonzekera njira yotsatsira matenda a dothi, muyenera kuonetsetsa mavuto ndi matenda omwe amakhala mwanjira yanu nyengo, mtundu wa tsamba.

Njira yamankhwala

Njira yayikulu kwambiri yotsatsira majeremusi ndi mankhwala. Molimba mtima komanso mwachangu amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zoyipa za njirayi ndikuwonongeka kofananirana kwa ma tizilombo opindulitsa, chifukwa chake ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kapena kawirikawiri zovuta zovuta. Zotsatirazi ndizothandiza kwambiri pakuchotsa matenda m'nthaka chifukwa chodzala mabulosi:

• TMTD fungicide. Pakukonzedwa lalikulu. mita ntchito 60 g ufa. Mankhwalawa amathetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka;
• sulfate yamkuwa. Kuti tipewe, 50 g ya zinthuzi imasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi ndikuthira pansi. Mankhwalawa ndi othandizadi pochiza dothi pobisalira mitengo komanso malo obiriwira. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti nthaka itayike mphamvu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tothandiza kumachepa. Chithandizo cha dothi lokhala ndi kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi mkuwa amalimbikitsidwa osapitirira kamodzi pa zaka zisanu.

Kuthira dothi lolimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, nkhungu ndi tizirombo tina, 0,5% - 1% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (50-100 g pa 10 l yamadzi)

Njira yachilengedwe

Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa tizilombo kumapereka zotsatira zabwino zambiri:

• kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka amachepetsa;
• pamene mukukula pamalo omwewo mbewu, kutopa kwa nthaka kumawonedwa. Zachilengedwe fungicides amatha kuletsa izi;
• nthaka ili ndi microflora yopindulitsa.

Ma fungicides ogwira ntchito kwambiri pakukonzekera dothi la sitiroberi ndi:

• Fitosporin;
• Trichodermin;
• Alirin B;
• Baikal EM-1.

Ma fungicides achilengedwe ndi ochepa poizoni komanso othandiza kwambiri.

Tcherani khutu! Pochotsa dothi, kukonza kwachilengedwe ndi mankhwala sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi. Nthawi yocheperako pakati pa ntchito iyenera kukhala milungu iwiri.

Njira ya Agrotechnical

Njira zotsogola bwino zimathandizira kupewa kutuluka ndi kufalikira kwa matenda ndi tizirombo, komanso kusunga chonde m'nthaka. Kasinthidwe kazakonzedwe kabwinobwino ka mbewu angathandize. Zotsogola zabwino kwambiri za sitiroberi ndi:

• beets;
• nyemba;
• adyo
• nandolo
• katsabola;
• parsley.

Zoyipa zoyambirira zam'munda za sitiroberi zimakhala tomato, tsabola, mbatata, zukini ndi nkhaka. Izi ndichifukwa choti zikhalidwezi zimakhala ndi tizirombo tina tambiri tomwe timakhala ndi nthangala, zimakonda matenda omwewo, zomwe zimayambitsa nthaka.

Musanabzale mabulosi pa tsamba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu za siderat. Amabzyala kwakanthawi kochepa, perekani mbande kuti zimere, ndiye kuti msipu wobiriwira umalilidwa m'nthaka.

Siderata ndi feteleza wobiriwira yemwe amakula bwino kuti athe kubwezeretsa m'nthaka itatha kukula, amalemeretsa ndi nayitrogeni ndi kufufuza zinthu komanso kuletsa namsongole kukula

Pochita kuphera tizilombo, ndikotheka kuchititsa dothi kuthira madzi ndikuwuthira ndi madzi otentha kapena kuwathira nthunzi. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha zovuta kuphedwa kunyumba, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphera dothi laling'ono (mwachitsanzo, kubzala mbande) kapena kupha tizirombo tating'ono.

Tcherani khutu! Kubzala pamapeto moyandikana ndi mbewu za sitiroberi monga marigolds ndi marigolds kumathandizira kukonza mkhalidwe wa nthaka ndikulimbana ndi potogens.

Mulching Strawberry Kubzala

Kubzala sitiroberi sititeteza mbewu ku tizirombo, maudzu ndi matenda, komanso kukonza nthaka momwe kumapangidwira ndikuwonjezera chonde chake. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala mulch pazikhalidwe:

• nsipu, udzu kapena udzu ndi wofunika chifukwa chitatha kufota m'nthaka, timitengo ta udzu timabzala mwachangu. Izi zopindulitsa tizilombo zimaletsa kufalikira kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus;
• spanbond yakuda imatenthetsa nthaka mwachangu, kupewa kupukutira kunja ndikuchekera, kumateteza ku namsongole. Pofuna kuti nthaka isatenthe m'masiku otentha chilimwe, timalimbikitsidwa kufalitsa udzu kapena udzu pa agrofibre;
• singano, ma cones, nthambi zodziyanika mukazola bwino nthaka, zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotayirira, osalola kufalikira kwa matenda monga imvi zowola. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mulch iyi acidides nthaka, motero ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pa dothi lokhala ndi acidity;
• utuchi ndi zokumbira kusunga bwino chinyezi, kuletsa kukula kwa namsongole. Koma zikagundika, zinthu izi zimapangisa nthaka ndikutulutsa nayitrogeni. Chifukwa chake, zotchingira ndi zokutira zoterezi zimafunikira feteleza wowonjezera ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa kapena ufa wa dolomite motsutsana ndi acidization wa nthaka;
• mulch ku humus ndi kompositi amalepheretsa kutentha kwambiri, hypothermia, kuyanika, nyengo ndi kufewetsa kwa nthaka. Koma wosanjikiza mulch kuchokera kuzinthu izi amafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa umakonzedwa mwachangu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta dothi.

Zithunzi Zojambula: Strawberry Mulching

Kanema: Kukonza dothi lodzala sitiroberi

Kuphatikiza pa machitidwe omwe ali pamwambawa, tisaiwale za kuwonongeka kwa zotsalira za chomera chatha, zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zakukula kokumbira nthaka ndi kukolola mizu ya udzu ndikupeza mphutsi, zamalangizo obwezeretsa dothi lapamwamba m'malo obiriwira komanso malo obiriwira, chifukwa zinthu zovulaza zimayikidwamo. tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda opatsirana. Simungatayireko nthawi yokonzekera dothi labwino kwambiri chifukwa chobzala sitiroberi. Zokolola zokhwima bwino zimakhala mphotho yeniyeni pazoyesayesa zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zabwino za mabulosi.