Zonse zokhudza munda wa balsamic munda: chithunzi, kufotokoza, kulima

Ambiri wamaluwa wamakono amakonda balsamu zakutchire, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzikonza ndi zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakondweretsa diso la wowona.

Kodi chomera ichi chinachokera kuti? Kodi ndi chiyani? Kodi ndingabweretse kuti kuti ndichite bwanji? Ndi matenda ati omwe angawavutike? Zimachulukitsa bwanji?

Mafunso awa ndi ena adzayankhidwa mwatsatanetsatane mu nkhaniyi pa balsamu zakutchire. Kuwonjezera apo, apa mudzapeza chithunzi cha chomera chokongola ichi ndipo mukhoza kuyang'ana maonekedwe ake.

Mbiri ya udzu wamtchire

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zomera, simungathe kufotokoza malo oberekera balsamu wam'tchire. Zitha kuchitika pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya dziko lapansi, madera otentha komanso otentha. Koma mfundo zikuluzikulu za ndende zimakumbukiridwa kuti ndi mayiko a Africa, Asia, Europe ndi North America.

Mfundo yoyamba yokhudza chomera ichi inapezeka mu 1689 ku India ndi madera akufupi a Asia. Pambuyo pake, alimi ena a maluwa anayamba chidwi ndi duwa. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Karl Linnaeus, amene anzake ambiri amafotokoza bwino kwambiri ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu.

Chomeracho chinayamba kutchuka pakati pa wamaluwa ndipo ankakondedwa ndi anthu ambiri okhala m'mayikowa. Masiku ano, maluwa ku Russia nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Vanka Mokrym.Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kutentha kwa mlengalenga kumawonjezeka (mvula, utsi), madontho tating'onoting'ono ta madzi otsekemera amapangidwa pamasamba, omwe amasintha kukhala saccharin. Kumadzulo, zomera zimatchedwa Busy Lizzie.

Chithunzi cha botanical chomera

Balsamu Wachilengedwe - ndi ya balsamic. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Latin "basamu" amatanthawuza "kuleza mtima". Dzina lapadera la dzinali likugwirizana ndi zipatso zake, zomwe zimakhudza zomwe zimawulula.

Chomera ndi chophweka kwambiri mu chikhalidwe, sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera.Zimagonjetsedwa ndi mpweya wouma, imamera bwino ndikukula ngakhale kumpoto, chifukwa kumva bwino popanda kutentha kwakukulu. Amatha kukula m'miphika ndi kutseguka.

Mtundu wa Balsamic (Impatiens) umaphatikizapo mitundu ya 400 mpaka 550 ya zomera ndi mchenga wa herbaceous.

Kufotokozera za mitundu

Maluwa ake okongola ndi maluwa okongola samakongoletsa minda ndi nkhalango zokha za dziko lathu, komanso minda yambiri ya anthu. Ngakhale kuti Russia si malo obadwira, anthu ankakonda ndi mitima yawo yonse.

Maluwa a basamu akuyamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo akupitirira kwa miyezi itatu yotsatira. Kumapeto kwa mwezi wotsiriza wa chilimwe, maluwa akutsirizira, ndi zipatso zikuwoneka ngati zofanana ndi mabokosi (testes). Potsegula bokosi, mbeu zimatha kufalikira mkati mwa mamita awiri.

M'minda, balsamu zakutchire sizakula msinkhu, chifukwa oweta anabweretsa mitundu yatsopano yosiyana ndi yokongola ndi kukula kwake.

Zida

Balsamu Yam'tchire - Chomera chamakono chakalekufika kutalika kwa masentimita 120.

• masamba obiriwira, obiriwira obiriwira;
• mizu yopanda mphamvu;
• tsinde ndi nsonga, mawonekedwe ochepa pang'ono, makamaka ngati kuwala kwa dzuŵa kukugwera;
• masamba amawongolera mozungulira pang'onopang'ono, olongosola mawonekedwe;
• maluwa okongola (nkhalango) balsamu yachikasu, osakhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola, amaloza pang'ono pampando.

Makhalidwe:

1. Balsamu yamtchire yokha imachiritsa katundu. Chifukwa cha iye, ambiri amachiza magazi, zilonda, matenda a rheumatism ndi matenda ena ambiri.
2. Zimakula muzilombo zakutchire.
3. Amapezeka kokha wachikasu.
4. Chitsamba chiri ngati kutuluka, makamaka pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa.
5. Osavuta, mosiyana ndi oyimira chipinda ndi munda wa mitundu yofanana.

Chithunzi

Pano mungathe kuona chithunzi cha basamu wa m'nyanja:

Kodi ndikuti ndiziti?

Kawirikawiri balsamu wam'tchire imakula m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mabanki. ndi malo ozizira kwambiri ngati udzu. Iye sali wofunikira kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, koma ngati diso lako lidakalipo pa maluwa okongola awa, ndiye kuti uyenera kuganizira zinthu ngati izi:

1. Bzalani m'malo othunzi (pansi pa mitengo, tchire, kumbali ya kumadzulo kwa nyumba).
2. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana mtunda pakati pa zomera (pafupifupi masentimita 30) kuti chitsamba chimeze ndikukula bwino.
3. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa masamba a chisanu (zomera zazing'ono zikhoza kufa pa zero kutentha).

Bzalani chomera m'njira zingapo.

Njira imodzi ndi mbewu

1. Ndikofunika kusonkhanitsa mbewu kuchokera ku nyumba kapena mitengo ya m'nkhalango, nthawi ya kucha zipatso.
2. Bzalani nyemba mu bokosi laling'ono ndikuwaza ndi wosanjikiza wa nthaka ndi madzi. Pambuyo pake, pezani mabokosi omwe ali ndi filimu (izi zidzafulumizitsa kumera kwa mbewu).
3. Ikani bokosi mu chipinda chamdima chakuda.
4. Mbeu ikadzuka, bokosi liyenera kusunthira ku malo owala kwambiri.
5. Ndikofunika kuti pasakhale madzi, choncho mabowo ayenera kupangidwa pansi kuti mchere usapite.

Pambuyo pa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri, m'pofunikira kuti muzitha kugawanika pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumakina ang'onoang'ono (pakuti mungagwiritse ntchito makapu otayidwa). Mbande ziyenera kuberekedwa kuti zikhale zolimba ndipo sanafere masiku oyambirira.

Muyeneranso kuumitsa mbande, kuwabweretsa mumsewu masana. Madzulo, mabokosiwa ayenera kubwereranso ku malo awo ozoloŵera.

Zomera zingabzalidwe ngati pa mphukira zinkaonekera pafupifupi masamba 10. Musanabzala, muyenera kumanga dzenje lakuya (7-10 cm) ndikuzidzaza ndi madzi. Chomera chikhale chomwecho kuti dziko lapansi ligwire tsamba loyamba la mbewu.

Kubzala baka

1. Ndikofunikira kupeza zomera zazing'ono m'nkhalango, pafupifupi masentimita 10-15 mu msinkhu. Ndikofunika kuchita zonse mosamala, popanda kuwononga mizu.
2. Dulani dzenje 15-20 masentimita ndikutsanulira madzi ochuluka.
3. Sungani bwino tchire, titaphimbidwa ndi nthaka pamwamba kuti tisunge chinyezi nthawi yaitali.

Poonjezerapo mwayi woti maluwawo atenge, mungabweretse malo omwe zomerazo zinakulira kale, ndikusakanikirana ndi malo omwe mukufuna kubzala. Izi ndi zofunika kuti tipewe kusinthasintha kwa nthaka, komwe chitsamba chimakula musanafike ndikupita. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ichi, chomeracho chidzakula mofulumira ndikuyamba kuphuka bwino.

Mafuta a basamu ndi owopsa kwambiri makamaka maluwa. Ngati mumasankha kulima pafupi ndi nyumba kapena kumunda, ndi bwino kulingalira zowonetsetsa, makamaka ngati muli ndi ana.

Malo ndi kuunikira

Monga tanenera poyamba, balsamu wam'tchire iyenera kubzalidwa mumthunzi.

Dzuwa loyipa ndi loipa kwa chomera ichi. Masamba ali ndi mawanga achikasu (otentha) ndi owuma.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse.

Zofuna za nthaka ndi chisamaliro

Maluwa amenewa sali okhudzana ndi nthaka. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuganizira ndi chakuti dothi lisakhale lowawa komanso lomasuka. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kusakaniza:

• mchenga;
• kompositi;
• humus;
• masamba a masamba.

Pa masiku otentha mumayenera kumwa madzi usiku uliwonse. Muyenera kutsanulira madzi kuti dothi lilowerere mozama masentimita 40.

Angakhale feteleza. Ngati mukufuna masamba owopsa, ndiye kuti musankhe feteleza omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni, maluwa ochulukirapo - phosphate-nayitrogeni feteleza.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Kumadera akutseguka, duwa lirilonse likuwonekera ku tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, koma tingachite chiyani tikapeza balsamu?

Choyamba muyenera kumvetsa zomwe zinamuchitikira. Kotero, ngati inu mupeza kuti maluwa akugwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa zitha kukhala:

1. Kukhalapo kwa tizirombo tating'ono, monga nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba, whiteflies, thrips, ndi zina zotero.
2. Mmerawo ukhoza kusokoneza kwambiri chinyezi. Ngakhale duwa limakonda kawirikawiri madzi okwanira, simuyenera kunyalanyaza njirayi.
3. Kusankhidwa kosayenera kwa nthaka. Kumbukirani kuti dothi lisakhale stony kuti mizu ingapume ndikukula.

Polimbana ndi tizirombo zingathandize zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zilipo muzinthu zazikulu.

Pakati pa matendawa, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zomera, komwe kuli kunja kwa chipinda, kumayambitsidwa ndi udzu wa downy powdery. Kukula kwa matendawa kumapangitsa kuti:

• Mvula yamvula yozizira.
• Yandikirani pafupi maluwa mzake. Thupi silikhala ndi nthawi yoti liphuphuke, ndipo limapangitsa kuti zisakhale bwino.
• Mtima wosasamala.

Choyamba, pachimake choyera chimapezeka mkati mwa pepala, kenako pepalalo limasanduka lakuda ndi kugwa. Zitsamba zatsopano za masamba, kapena zimasiya kukula kwake palimodzi.

Pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda, chotsani balsams onse odwala., ndikuyenera kulandira chithandizo makamaka zomwe matendawa alibe nthawi yogwira.

Tizilombo tofalitsa tizilombo tingathe kukhala alendo omwe amapezeka ku balsamu zakuthengo:

1. Aphid - amamwa madzi onse a masamba a basamu, chifukwa amalemala ndikusiya kukula.

   Chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, zomera zimatha kufa. Mungathe kuchotsa mavitamini a fodya, anyezi peel, chitsamba chowawa, mazira.

2. Kangaude mite - imafalikira mofulumira pamaluwa, chifukwa chake ndi kovuta kwambiri kubereka. Zikuwoneka kumbuyo kwa tsamba, kuyamwa madzi kuchokera pamenepo ndi kuchulukitsa. Ziri zovuta kuzizindikira, choncho samalani ndi mawonekedwe a intaneti, izi ndi zizindikiro kuti nkhupaku yafalitsidwa ndipo matendawa ali mu mawonekedwe apamwamba. Mu mkhalidwe uno, kukonzekera kokha kokha kudzathandiza, zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa masiku onse 4-5, monga mite mwamsanga amazoloŵera kwa iwo ndipo posachedwa sangayankhe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
3. Ntchentche yoyera - imakhala mkati mwa mphutsi, yomwe imangoyamba kugwedezeka ndikuyamba kuyamwa mphamvu ya moyo kuchokera mmunda. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikunali kosavuta, chifukwa pakapita nthawi khungu la mphutsi limauma, ndipo amakhala pafupi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mazira ndi mphutsi akhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi, pomwe panthawi imodzimodziyo akuyesera kuti ndegeyo igwe pa pepala kuchokera kumbali ziwiri.

Alimi ambiri, pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi prophylaxis, akulangizidwa kuti azitsuka zomera ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana kapena kulowetsedwa kwa adyo wosweka.

Chenjerani Kusakaniza zomera kumapangidwe bwino pamasewero apadera, kuti asagwiritse ntchito ingress ya mankhwala mu kapu.

Kuswana

Nthaŵi zambiri balsamu wam'tchire amafalitsidwa ndi cuttings. Njira iyi ikukuthandizani kuti muzisunga zizindikiro zonse za "munthu".

1. Kuyala zakuthupi kumadulidwa panthawi yopatsira.
2. Sankhani nthambi popanda masamba, omwe ayenera kukhala ndi osachepera awiri.
3. Masamba otsika amachotsedwa.

Njira zowonongeka:

• Madzi. Imani nthambi mu madzi musakhudze masamba, chifukwa kuvunda kungayambe. Ikani malo owala bwino ndi mpweya wotentha. Mizu idzawonekera nthawi yomweyo, patadutsa masabata awiri zidzatheka kusinthana pansi.
• Ground. Kudula kudula sikung'ono. Nthaka ya njirayi ingakonzedwe nokha: peat ndi vermiculite wothira mu magawo ofanana, magawo awiri a perlite. Gawoli liyenera kusungunuka pang'ono ndipo, pambuyo kuthirira, limamasulidwa pang'ono kuti lizidzaza ndi mpweya.

Ngati munasankha balsamu wamtchire, khalani otsimikiza kuti sichidzakubweretserani vuto lina lapadera, losangalala ndi kuwala kwake ndi kukongola pakati pa maluwa.