Monarda (Monarda, bergamot wa m'munda) ndi wa banja la Iasnatkovye. Amakhala ku S. America. Imatchedwa N. Monardes, yemwe adasindikiza mu 1574 buku la sayansi lotchuka lofotokoza za oimira atsopano a maluwa omwe amapezeka mdziko muno. Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu 22. Komanso, duwa ili ndi dzina lachiwiri, lomwe limadziwika ndi aliyense - bergamot. Idzalidwa ngati mbewu m'munda ku Russia. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe, njira zina zochiritsira, cosmetology, pakukonza mbale ndi zakumwa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a monarda
Ichi ndi chomera cha herbaceous chomwe chimakula mpaka mamita 1.5. Chimakhala ndi tsinde lokwana nthambi yolimba. Ma plates opanda masamba okhala ndi mbali zowoneka bwino, oblong-lanceolate, greenintint.
Maluwa ndi ang'ono, aubweya-Funsa-mawonekedwe. Pamodzi pa caputa inflorescence imodzi kapena zingapo. Kuzungulira kumafikira 5-7 cm.
Monarda pawiri, ndimu, wosakanizidwa ndi duad: malongosoledwe pagome ndi chithunzi
Mitundu yomwe imalimidwa ku Russia:
| Mutu | Kufotokozera |
| Pawiri | Mtunda wautali kwambiri mpaka 0,7-1,5 m. Mpandawo ndi wautali, wophukira. Zimayambira ndi thambo. Masamba ndi obiriwira, okhala ndi mitsempha yofiyira. Mapulogalamu okhala ndi malekezero osakanikirana, mulu wowala mkati. Ma inflorescence ndi pinki kapena utoto wakuda. M'mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe, maluwa pafupifupi 30 amawonekera, ndipo amakhala onunkhira wamphamvu. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakufuna pakati pa alimi amaluwa. |
| Ductuate (tubular) | Nthambi zofika mpaka 1.1 m zimakhala ndi mizu yopyapyala pafupifupi kukula kwake. Mu chilimwe chachiwiri, maluwa oyera kapena oyera ofiira adayamba kupanga maluwa, kutulutsa kununkhira kwa lalanje. Mitundu ya uchi. Ntchito ngati mankhwala a mpumulo wa matenda a ziwalo. Komanso, zonunkhira zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, zimawonjezeredwa ku zodzikongoletsera za nkhope. |
| Ndimu | Osatha mpaka 15-80 masentimita ndi masamba a emerald. The inflorescence ndi violet, kutulutsa fungo lamalanje. Maluwa amatha kuchitika nthawi yonse ya chilimwe. |
| Zophatikiza | Izi zimaphatikizapo zofanizira zomwe zidapezeka podutsa mitundu yomwe idafotokozedwa kale. |
Mitundu yotchuka
| Mutu | Kufotokozera | Maluwa |
| Mahogany | Kukula kwapakatikati. Imakhala ndi fungo labwino. | Burgundy, pamakhala amapotozedwa kumapeto. Maluwa amapezeka koyambirira kwa Juni. |
| Adamu | Kukula kofanana. Imakula bwino padzuwa komanso pamitundu ina. | Chachikulu, chofiyira. |
| Croftway Punk | Amayamba kumera bwino. | Lilac-pinki. |
| Choyera ngati chipale | Wamtali koma wopindika. | Choyera ngati chipale. |
| Panorama | Kusunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba, kulimidwa kwa mbewu ndikofunikira. | Pinki, lilac yakuda, rasipiberi, yoyera, yofiyira, yofiirira. |
| Scarlett | Mpaka 0.9 m. | Pinki, ofiira owopsa, ofiirira. Maluwa m'zaka 2 za chilimwe. |
| Elsiz Lavander | Mpaka mita. | Zambiri, lavenda hue. |
| Mpira wamoto | Kufikira 40 cm, yokhala ndi zitsinde zokutidwa. | Kutsukidwa, kuzunguliridwa, kutulutsa mawu. |
| Schnivithhen | Mpaka 1.5 m. | Oyera, oyera. |
| Lambada | Tchire labulaza mpaka 90 cm. | Wapinki kapena wofiyira. Chulukitsani kununkhira kwa ndimu. |
| Preili Glow | Kwambiri nthambi shrub yokhala ndi mphukira yowongoka. | Buluu wamtambo, wokhala ndi mabasiketi a inflorescence. |
| Chisawawa | Kukula kwapakatikati, kwamtundu wamtundu, ndi zomata zowongoka, zazitali. | Choyera bwino matalala. Ziphuphu ndizosowa, zobzalidwa patali kwambiri. |
| Mayi Perry | Mpaka mita. | Chotuwa chachikulu, chapinki. |
| Mfumukazi Rose | Kufikira 88 cm. | Pinki, zamaluwa mu Julayi-Ogasiti. |
Kukula monarda kuchokera kumbewu kunyumba
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha (mwachitsanzo, kumwera kwa Russia) mwezi watha wozizira, nyengo yozizira, mbewuzo zimayikidwa munthaka m'mundamo:
- Ngati chipale chofewa sichinatsike, onetsetsani kuti malowo ndi chipale chofewa.
- Phimbani dothi ndi zojambulazo kuti nthaka ikhale yotentha.
- Mumasuleni dothi pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga.
- Onjezani mchenga m'mbewu (1 mpaka 4).
- Zakuya ndi 25 mm.
- Kuwaza ndi mchenga.
Mpaka mwezi wa Epulo, mbewuzo zidzasinthidwa ndi kuzizira. Pakati pa kasupe, mutha kuwona mphukira zoyambirira. Kubzala kumachitidwanso mu kugwa, mutatenga mbewu. Koma ndiye mbewu zimakula pang'onopang'ono.
Mbewu zitha kufesedwa chifukwa cha mbande mumbale. Izi zimachitika theka lanyengo yachisanu, kuti mphukira zimaphukira nthawi yamasamba isanakwane:
- Thirani zosakaniza zamasamba mumiphika.
- Limbitsani zinthu zobzala ndi 20-30 mm.
- Khalani pa kutentha kwa +20 ° C.
- Kuwombera kumatha kuwonekera patatha masabata atatu.
- Pambuyo pa masiku 20, ikirani 3 * 3, 4 * 4.
Kubzala Monarda panja
Muyenera kusankha malo okhala ndi magetsi abwino, otetezedwa ku mafunde ozizira. Komabe, monarda amakula bwino akasinthika. Palibe zofunika zapadera pamtunda, koma kuti mutukule bwino ndikofunika kusankha dothi louma ndi kukhalapo kwa laimu. Bergamot ya m'munda simamera bwino dothi lonyowa lomwe lili ndi pH yayikulu.
M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kukonzekera malowa:
- Kukumba, kuchotsa namsongole.
- Per sq. m kuwonjezera 2-3 makilogalamu a peat ndi manyowa, 40-50 g wa phosphorous, 20-30 g mchere wosungunuka, 40 g wa laimu.
Tikugulitsa masika:
- Onjezani 20-30 g ya osakaniza okhala ndi nayitrogeni pa mita imodzi. m
- Zomera zimamera ndi masamba atatu a masamba oona pamtunda wa 60 cm.
- Madzi ochulukirapo.
Chodziwika bwino ndi kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira (-25 ° C). Ngati kutentha kumakhala kotsika, amafunika kuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene kuti apange zinthu zobiriwira. Maluwa amatha kuchitika pakatha chaka chimodzi. Mitundu ina imatha kupanga masamba mu nthawi yomweyo ndi chisamaliro chabwino.
Chisamaliro cha Monarda
Bergamot ndi wopanda ulemu pazambiri. Kubzala ndi kuusamalira poyera ndi kotheka ngakhale kwa alimi osadziwa. Nthawi yakula, ndikokwanira kuthilira madzi ndikugwiritsira ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni kuti akule msanga kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 10-14.
M'dzinja ndikofunikira kudyetsa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous wokhala ndi zosakaniza zazitali. Ma granles olimba ayenera kuyikiridwa pansi, nthawi yothirira amatha pang'ono kusungunuka. Podzafika kumapeto, padzakhala kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa michere. Monarda ayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu ndikupanga maluwa ambiri. M'dzinja, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizichepetsa mbali za mlengalenga kuti mphukira zisazizire.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ichi ndi chomera cholimba komanso chathanzi, cholimbana ndi zotupa zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, chisamaliro chosayenera, chitsamba chimatha kuthana ndi matenda otsatirawa:
| Matendawa | Chifukwa | Zizindikiro | Njira zoyesera |
| Powdery mildew | Tizilombo: nsabwe za m'masamba, zopondera, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zovala zoyera, mealybugs. Kukhalapo kwa spores m'madzi kuthirira. Kufalikira kuchokera ku toyesa matenda kudzera mlengalenga mukakumana ndi anthu. Chinyezi chachikulu 60-65%. Nitrogeni owonjezera. Tsekani zitsamba zobzala. | Powdery mawanga pa mlengalenga, amatulutsa madzi ofanana ndi mame. Imani pachitukuko. Kugwa koyambirira kwa pamakhala. | Siyani kuphatikiza feteleza ndi nayitrogeni, m'malo mwake ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu. Chitani ndi Bordeaux madzi 1%, kukonzekera kwa Aletta kapena Acrobat. |
| Dzimbiri | Kulowetsedwa ndi zinyalala zachomera. Ma airborne spores ochokera ku tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa. | Mapangidwe ofiira pustules pamasamba. Akasweka, ufa wa lalanje amawoneka. Kukula. Chikaso choyambirira ndi kufa zamasamba. | Ononga masamba agwa ndi zina zakufa kunja kwa tsambalo. Udzu udzu. Chitani salfa wa colloidal ndi fungicides Abiga Peak, Cumulus, Polyram, Strobi. |
Monarda: mankhwala ndi contraindication
Bergamot anapeza ntchito mankhwala ena, monga zigawo zonse zimakhala ndi mavitamini B1, B2, C, mafuta ofunikira komanso michere ina. Tingafinye tili ndi antiseptic, antioxidant, antianemic effect. Imachepetsa ndikuthandizira machiritso akuthamanga, imathandizira kukonza minofu.
Mphamvu yakuchiritsa:
- amachotsa zolembera m'mitsempha yamagazi;
- imathandizira pakuchitika kwamatenda opumira;
- Amachita bwino ndi matenda a radiation;
- amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
- imathandizira thupi pambuyo pa chemotherapy.
Zimathandiza ndi:
- kutupa kwa makoma a chikhodzodzo;
- mavuto ndi m'mimba thirakiti;
- kupweteka mutu;
- matenda amkamwa;
- bowa ndi msomali;
- yotupa m'mapapu.
Tingafinye kuti wapeza ntchito mu cosmetology. Ndi gawo limodzi mwazomwe zimapangidwira mafuta akhungu lokhwima, vuto, mafuta.
Amadyedwe amawonjezeredwa ku mbale ndi zakumwa. Zimayenda bwino ndi nsomba komanso masamba aliwonse. Ndizabwino, ndizokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi.
Imakhala ndi zotsutsana:
- zaka mpaka zaka 5;
- nthawi ya bere;
- kuyamwitsa;
- thupi lawo siligwirizana.
Musanagwiritse ntchito njira zachikhalidwe, muyenera kufunsa katswiri woyenera. Kudzichiritsa nokha sikungapereke zotsatira zoyenera kapena kukulitsa matendawa. Ngati dokotala wavomereza njira yosamveka, wopanga akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la zovuta mankhwala, kuwonetsetsa momwe amapangidwira. Bergamot imatha kuchepetsa zovuta zamatenda, kuyimitsa zizindikirazo, osabweza zomwe zimachitika, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizira matenda aliwonse.
