Nthano zofunika: chifukwa chiyani begonias ali ndi masamba ndi masamba, momwe angathandizire chomera?

Begonia ndi imodzi mwa maluwa otchuka kwambiri. Maluwa ake ndi okongola kwambiri, kotero kuti zodziwika bwino za zomera zachilendo zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya chomera ichi. Kuchokera ku lingaliro la sayansi, ndi chomera cha pachaka kapena chosatha, chomwe chili m'mbali ya maluwa, dicotyledonous class, mtundu wa mandimu, banja la begonia, begonia mtundu.

Kawirikawiri, chisamaliro cha begonia sichiri chovuta, koma kulakwitsa kulikonse kungayambitse matenda. Dzinali likuyenera Michel Begon, bwanamkubwa wa Haiti, amene anayambitsa kafukufuku wa sayansi pa zomera za Antilles mu 1687.

Maluwa omveka

Begonia limamasula mu chilimwe ndi autumn, ndipo chipinda sichigwa mpaka December. Inflorescences amakhala ndi zingapo zing'onozing'ono, zamkati kapena zazikulu maluwa. Begonia ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yofiira, yachikasu, pinki, lalanje, yoyera. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya monochromatic, pali maluwa okhala ndi mithunzi yambiri pamphepete mwa maluwawo. Pa mitundu ya begonias, tinauza m'nkhani yapadera.

Kufotokozera za masamba

Maluwawo amafanana ndi mapeyala, mabala, kapena maluwa ndipo amakhala ndi mapaundi awiri kapena asanu, ndipo ena amafika pamasamba 6 mpaka 8. Anasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu a axillary inflorescences, masambawa amapangidwira pa nsonga za mphukira. Ziwombankhanga zimamasula kwambiri komanso mochuluka, ndipo maluwawo amasangalala ndi zosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chake chomera chimapatsa masamba ndi maluwa - zifukwa zazikulu

Nchifukwa chiyani chomera chikusowa? Kawirikawiri, chisamaliro cha begonia sivuta, komabe kulakwitsa kulikonse kungayambitse matenda, kubzala masamba ndi masamba. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa bwinobwino maluwawo, ndipo tsatirani zotsatirazi:

1. Kusagwirizana kwa zikhalidwe za mbeu - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa abscission ya masamba.

   M'chilengedwe, begonia amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitengo yam'mphepete mwa matalala komanso nyengo yamvula, koma mpweya wa m'nyumba uli wouma kwambiri. Kuti begonia asadwale, chomeracho chiyenera kutsukidwa bwino:

   • Madzi sayenera kufika pa masamba, mfundo ya kukula, makamaka pa maluwa.
   • Kutulutsa madzi kumatheka ndi kupopera mbewu madzi pafupi ndi duwa.
   • Musalole kuti madzi asapitirire mu poto, akhoza kutsogolera mizu.
   • Begonia ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri, kutsanulira madzi pamphepete mwa mphika.
2. Ponena za kuyatsa ndi kutentha - dzuwa limaloledwa mmera.

   Zingayambitse kuyaka pa masamba.

   • Mawindo a South-East ndi South-Western ndiwo malo abwino koposa a maluwa, komabe, ndipo akulimbikitsidwa kuti awachedwe nyengo yotentha.
   • Kutentha kwa mlengalenga komwe begonia imakhala bwino, m'chilimwe - 20-22 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - 16-18 ° C. Ngati maluwawo akuuma, masamba amafota, ndipo mtundu umawoneka wofiira - zonse izi ndizisonyezo kuti chomera chikuwotha.
3. Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, begonia imatha kukhala ndi zakudya.

   Nthaka yoyenera ndi osakaniza omwe ali ndi timitundu yofanana, coniferous ndi larch nthaka, ndi kuwonjezera mchenga ndi peat. Kuphatikiza kotere kumalimbikitsa maluwa abwino.

   • Ngati masamba a zomerawo amasintha mtundu wawo kuti ukhale wopepuka, ndipo masambawo agwa - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha nthaka ikutha. Ndikofunika kupanga zovuta mchere feteleza. Pa nthawi ya maluwa - kamodzi pa masabata awiri, m'nyengo yozizira - kamodzi kamodzi kapena miyezi iwiri.
   • Zosakaniza zamchere ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi organic.
   • Kuti pachimake chichuluke, pewani nayitrogeni feteleza, chifukwa zimathandiza kukula kwa masamba, ndi kulepheretsa mapangidwe. Pa maluwa, begonias amafunikira microelements, potaziyamu, phosphorous. Momwe mungakwaniritsire masamba okongola komanso chifukwa chake sichimasintha, werengani nkhaniyi.
4. Chifukwa china cha abscission ya masamba ndi maluwa ndi osiyana zowola njira ndi matenda a fungal.

   Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Nthawi zina fungal spores imafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo towononga. Gray kuvunda ndi powdery mildew - ambiri wodwala a begonias, zomwe zimayambitsa kugwa maluwa.

   Kuvunda kumawonetseredwa ndi madontho a madzi owala pamphukira, masamba ndi nsonga za mphukira. Potsutsana ndi zomwe zimachititsa kuti zomera zisinthe, masambawo amayamba kugwa koyamba, pa mfundo za ubwenzi ndi nthambi.

   Ngati ma inflorescences amatha ndipo ma pedicel amakhalabe, ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi powdery mildew matenda. Pulogalamu ya ku begonia yafulumira imayenera.

   Njira zothandizira:

   • Mphepete mwa zitsulo (Bordeaux osakaniza) kapena yankho limene lingakonzedwe kunyumba. Amaphatikizapo ndi: mkuwa wa sulfate (2 magalamu) ndi sopo yophika (magalamu 20).
   • Ngati matendawa akufalikira ndipo chikhalidwe cha mbeu chikufalikira, ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi 1% yankho la "Readzole".
5. Nkhumba ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo igwetse masamba. Tizilombo timatulutsa timadzi timatulutsa madzi. Izi zimayambitsa kufooka kwa begonias. Ndikusamala nthawi zonse, maonekedwe a tizilombo amatha kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo, ndi kuwachotsa pamanja, kuti tipewe mavuto. Apo ayi, mudzafunika kupita kuchipatala ndi njira zenizeni.
   Ngati muli ndi matenda aakulu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsa ntchito. Zina monga "Karbofos", "Inta-Vir", "Fitoverm".

Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri zokhudza matenda, komanso za tizirombo zomwe zimawononga begonia, m'nkhani ino, ndipo chifukwa chiyani begonia ali ndi masamba ndi masamba akugwa, mukhoza kupeza apa.

Njira zothandizira

Pofuna kupeŵa kugwa kwa masamba mu begonias, m'pofunikira kuti mupite m'chipinda nthawi zonse.. Muyeneranso kusalola kutentha kwambiri, kuyang'anira nthawi yambiri ya kuthirira, kupewa kuteteza nsabwe za m'masamba, komanso nthawi ndi nthawi kutsanulira mbewuyo ndi zinthu zothandizira monga 5% kuyimitsa oxychloride.

Motero, begonia ndiwothokoza oyamikira, ngati amasamalira bwino. Mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri zokhudza kusamalira pakhomo pano. Pamene mukukula zokongoletsera ndi zowonongeka, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa chilengedwe chonse chazomera zobiriwira, kumene kukongola kwa masamba a begonia kudzadziwonetsera mokhazikika. Ndipo masamba okongola ndi owala kwambiri adzabweretsa mitundu yodabwitsa m'moyo wanu ndipo adzakupatsani maminiti osangalatsa osakumbukika. Kuti mupange kukongola koteroko, mungagwiritse ntchito mitundu monga "zida za akazi", "Kupsya mtima" ndi "Maluwa a Male." Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mitundu yomwe tinayankhula m'nkhaniyi.