Mawu akuti "nkhuku mu kugwa amalingaliridwa" sizinali zoyipa. Nkhuku za nkhuku ndi mbalame zina zakutchire zimaposa achikulire, zimadwala matenda osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chitetezo chawo chimakhalabe chofooka kuti chipirire kuopseza kunja. Njira yodalirika komanso yodalirika yotetezera mabakiteriya, monga mukudziwa, ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Imodzi mwa mankhwalawa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira nkhuku, ndi Metronidazole. Ganizirani za momwe ntchito yake ikugwiritsidwira ntchito m'nkhaniyi.
Tulukani mawonekedwe
"Metronidazole" si mankhwala omwe ali ndi cholinga chochepa. Kuchokera mu 1960, ntchito yake yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya ndi antiparasitic yakhala ikugwiritsidwa bwino ntchito pochitira anthu ndi nyama (osati mbalame zokha), choncho mankhwalawo alipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga:
- mapiritsi;
- granulate;
- ufa;
- zowonongeka;
- kirimu cha ntchito zakunja;
- chiwerewere;
- mipira.
M'zipatala zam'chipatala, mapiritsi kapena granules amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mocheperako njira zowonjezera jekeseni.
Mapiritsi "Metronidazole" ali ndi mawonekedwe a phokoso lalitali lakuda kapena lachikasu labala lopangidwa ndi mpweya wofewa pakati pa mbali ndi pansi (chomwe chimatchedwa chamfer) ndi imodzi yokha, kuti mapiritsi agawanike pakati. 
Kulemera kwa piritsi ndi zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yogonjetsa zikhoza kukhala zosiyana, zomwe ndizo:
- 0.25 g, okhala ndi 0.0625 g, kapena 25% maantibayotiki;
- 0,5 g, okhala ndi 0.125 g, kapena 25% maantibayotiki;
- 0,5 g, okhala ndi 0.25 g, kapena 50% maantibayotiki;
- 1 g okhala ndi 0.25 g, kapena 25% ya maantibayotiki.
Kuphatikiza pa piritsi la "Metronidazole" lili ndi excipients - mbatata wowuma, octadecanoic acid ndi talkohlorit.
Pharmacological katundu
Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi antibacterial ndi antiparasitic kwenikweni, ogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tina. Makamaka, mphamvu zokhudzana ndi maantibayotiki zikuwonetsedwa ndi:
- katemera;
- lamblia;
- mbiri;
- amoeba;
- balantidia.
Mukudziwa? Balantidia (liwu lakuti "balantidium" mu Greek limatanthauza "thumba") ndilopiritsi yowopsa kwambiri yomwe imakhala yowopsa kwa anthu, yomwe imakhudza minofu ya colon ndipo imayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito dysentery. Malingana ndi deta ina, kuyambira 4 mpaka 5% ndipo kawirikawiri matendawa amabwera chifukwa chokhudzana ndi nkhumba, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina matendawa amapezeka agalu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mavitamini omwe angathe kubwezeretsanso gulu la nitro ndikufulumizitsa njira yogwirizanirana ndi mapuloteni a ferredoxin ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'madzi. Mankhwala a antibiotic amadyetsa mapangidwe a DNA maselo ochepetsa mphamvu mwa kuchepetsa gulu la nitro (NO2), omwe mankhwalawa amawononga DNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuteteza kuyambiranso kwake. Njira yotereyi imapangitsa mankhwalawa kukhala othandiza polimbana ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tingathe kukhala ndi moyo popanda kukhala ndi mlengalenga (mabakiteriya a anaerobic), koma mankhwala alibe mphamvu pa aerobes ndi bowa. 
Zotsatira zabwino za mankhwalawa ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri pakamwa. Mankhwalawa amachokera m'magazi ndipo amafalikira ku ziwalo zonse ndi ziphuphu zomwe zimapezeka m'chiwindi.
Chimodzi mwa mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo ndi tizirombo ta nkhuku. Choncho, nkhukuzi ziyenera kudziwa momwe zingachotsere nkhuku, peroedov, nsabwe ndi nkhupakupa.
Kuchotsa mankhwala kumapezeka ndi mkodzo ndi nyansi zofiira, kuzijambula mu mtundu wofiira wofiira. Mankhwalawa amachotsedwa pambuyo pa maola 48 pambuyo pake.
Ndi matenda ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito?
"Metronidazole" imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a mabakiteriya ndi matenda a parasitic, koma nkhuku zili ndi zizindikiro zitatu zokha:
- Trichomoniasis - diphtheritic ndi zilonda za zilonda zam'mimba ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zimayambitsa protozoa wa mtundu wa Trichomonas.
- Coccidiosis - Matenda owopsa, makamaka omwe amawathandiza achinyamata, gulu la Coccidia la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Histomoniasis (omwe amadziwikanso kuti enterohepatitis, kapena tifiohepatitis, omwe amadziwikanso kuti "mutu wakuda") ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa nkhuku, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi protozoans a m'banja la Histomonas mellagridis.
Mlingo
Popeza mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama matenda osiyanasiyana, ndizotheka kuyankhula mwatsatanetsatane za mlingo pokhapokha pa zochitika zinazake.
Ndikofunikira! Zizolowezi za kumwa mankhwala, mlingo ndi nthawi ya mankhwala zimadalira cholinga cha mankhwala (mankhwala kapena prophylaxis), mtundu wa matenda, mtundu wa nyama, komanso msinkhu wake. Mofanana ndi ma antibayotiki ena, kutsatira malamulo okhudzana ndi "Metronidazole" ndilololedwa.Komabe, kawirikawiri, mankhwalawa amawidwa pa mlingo wa 20 mg wa mankhwala yogwira ntchito pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya minofu ya patsiku patsiku, ndi mauthenga a pamlomo 2 pa tsiku, 10 mg.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbalame
Mtundu uliwonse wa nkhuku uli ndi zenizeni pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito Metronidazole.
Nkhuku zoumba
Ng'ombe za nkhuku zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zirombo monga Coccidia ndi Histomonas mellagridis. Ma protozoawa akhoza kugunda anapiye kwenikweni masiku oyambirira a moyo wawo, choncho ngati simutenga nthawi yowonongeka, mungathe kutaya zinyama zonse zomwe zikhoza kufa popanda kuthandizira kulemera kwake. 
"Metronidazole" imakuthandizani kuthetsa vutoli posachedwa, ngakhale matendawa asanamveke. Pachifukwachi, ngakhale kuti, monga kudziwika bwino, kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo pofuna kuteteza nkhuku ndizoipa, amapitirizabe kukolola nkhuku, kupereka nkhuku mankhwalawa nthawi zinayi, 20-25 mg pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa moyo masiku oyambirira a moyo ndi ndiye milungu iwiri iliyonse mpaka mbalameyo ifike msinkhu wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwalawa samasungunuka bwino m'madzi, kotero muyenera kuwonjezera pa chakudya (chomwe, ndithudi, sichiri chosavuta, chifukwa mbalame yodwalayo nthawi zambiri imakana kudya, koma nthawi zonse imamva ludzu). Pulogalamuyi imakhala yopangidwa ndi ufa ndipo imasakanizidwa ndi chakudya.
Komabe, ngati anapiye ali ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za coccidiosis, histomoniasis kapena trichomoniasis, mankhwalawa ayenera kuyang'ana mosiyana. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwalawa amalembedwa muyezo womwewo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, koma amaperekedwa kwa masiku 2-5, kenako maphunzirowo abwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi atatu.
Zizindikiro za matenda omwe Metronidazole ndi othandiza ndimatsekula m'magazi, kuchepa kwa ntchito, kuchepa kwa chakudya, kusokonezeka, kugwedezeka mu milu, kuwonjezera ludzu, kufooka.
Monga antibiotic iliyonse, Metronidazole iyenera kutengedwa nthawi zonse, kupeŵa kuphwanya nthawi yomwe chiwongolero cha mlingo wotsatira chidzayambe, chifukwa sichitha kuchepetsa zokhazokha, koma zimathandizanso kupanga mapangidwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati kulandiridwa kwa ndalamazo kunakakamizidwa kuti kusokonezedwe, nkofunikira kubwezeretsa chithandizo mwamsanga malinga ndi dongosolo lomwe lisanayambe.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe za matenda omwe ali opatsirana komanso osapatsirana a nkhuku.
Turkey poults
Kwa nkhuku za matenda omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, khalidwe lodziwika bwino ndilopadera, lomwe limakhudza chiwindi cha mbalame zazing'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera ku imfa. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda (chikasu chotsekemera chokhala ndi thovu, kusowa kwa njala ndi kuyenda, nthenga zowonongeka, khungu lakuda buluu pamutu) zimachitika mbuzi zazing'ono pa masabata awiri.
Mukudziwa? Mimba ya Turkey imatha kukumba galasi, koma motsutsana ndi tizilombo tosavuta, mbalameyi ndi yopanda mphamvu monga ena onse.
Monga momwe zilili ndi ma broilers, turkeys amatha kuchiritsidwa mothandizidwa ndi Metronidazole, ndipo mankhwalawa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asamawonongeke.
Mankhwala opatsirana opaleshoni - 30 mg pa kilogalamu yolemera thupi, amagawidwa kudya katatu (10 mg), nthawi ya chithandizo - masiku khumi. Nthawi zina amalankhula za njira ina yodziwira mlingo: mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kamodzi pa tsiku pokhapokha 0,75 g ya Metronidazole (mapiritsi 3 kapena kuposa, malinga ndi zomwe zili mu piritsi imodzi) pa 1 kg ya chakudya. Njira yovomerezeka - masiku 10 omwewo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumaphatikizapo mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa 20 mg wa mankhwala pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi ndi kudya kwa masiku awiri (zina zimayankhula za nthawi yaitali - masiku 3-5). Amaloledwanso kugwiritsira ntchito poults njira yofanana yopewera nkhuku monga nkhuku za broiler.
Phunzirani momwe mungachitire kutsekula m'mimba mu nkhuku zotchedwa Turkey.
Madzi akumadzi
Achinyamata a atsekwe ndi abakha amapezedwanso matenda atatu omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, makamaka gistomonozu ndi trichomoniasis. Kwa zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa kale, zosonyeza kupezeka kwa matendawa, chifukwa cha mitundu iyi ya mbalame, ndibwino kuwonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi, kupuma kovuta, kuwonjezeka kwa goiter, kutuluka m'mphuno ndi maso.
Ndikofunikira! Kulephera kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi ngati zizindikiro zoterezi zikuwoneka mkati mwa masabata awiri zimapha imfa ya anyamata 90%.
Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kutenga mankhwalawa pamtunda wa 25-50 mg pa kilo lolemera thupi tsiku lililonse, malingana ndi kulemera kwake. Maphunziro angakhalenso osiyana: nthawi zina masiku 2-5 ali okwanira, nthawi zina, mankhwala amatha masiku khumi.
Kulandira mwamsanga kumachitika mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko yomweyi monga nkhuku za nkhuku.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mtengo wokwera mtengo ndi wotsika mtengo umagwiritsa ntchito Metronidazole kuti asamalidwe ndi nkhuku zomwe tatchulidwa, komanso mbalame zina, njiwa, zinziri, mbalame, ndi zina. 
Contraindications
Kukonzekera kwathunthu kumakhala kosavuta kulekerera nkhuku - mankhwala alibe zotsutsana zogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipatala. Komabe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito antchito a antiparasitic, kuphatikizapo Metronidazole, popanda chithandizo choyenera cha dokotala (ngakhale tikukamba za kupewa matenda opha nkhuku), zimatsutsana.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti Metronidazole imachotsedwa pamtunda pambuyo pa masiku awiri, mbalame zomwe zimatenga mankhwalawa zimaloledwa kupha pasanathe masiku asanu ndi atatu mutatha kudya. Ngati munthu anaphedwa kale kuposa nthawiyi, nyama yake ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chakudya cha nyama zowonongeka kapena kukonza nyama ndi mafupa.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena, makamaka ndi gulu la nitroimidazoles yomwe ili, komanso mankhwala ochotsera quinoxaline ndi nitrofurans.
Zotsatira zoyipa
Zotsatirapo za kugwiritsa ntchito "Metronidazole" zimachitika kawirikawiri, ngakhale ngati mlingo wokakamizidwa wapitirira. Palibenso zomwe zimachitapo kanthu pa chiyambi cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, komanso pambuyo poletsedwa.
Zina mwa zovuta zowonongeka zimatchedwa kusamvetsetsa kokha. Koma chifukwa cha kusagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza komanso kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mankhwalawa, chitukuko cha achinyamata omwe ali ndi matendawa a mycosis n'zotheka - matenda a fungal omwe amadziwika ndi zilonda za m'kamwa mucosa, goiter ndi phokoso.
VIDEO: Timachita COCKDIOSIS NDI KUCHITA METRONIDAZOL
Kupewa
Njira yabwino yopewera trichomoniasis, histomoniasis ndi coccidiosis sizoyendetsa mankhwala opha tizilombo, koma kukumbukira zosowa zaukhondo ndi zaukhondo komanso kayendedwe kabwino ka mbalame.
Mukudziwa? Msonkhano Waukulu wa UN mu 2016 anazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi oweta ziweto mwina ndi chifukwa chachikulu chokhalira "mankhwala osokoneza bongo" osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa ndipo lero akutha kupha munthu mmodzi padziko lonse masekondi atatu.
Kuphatikiza pa ukhondo ndi kuuma m'nyumba, kuwonongeka kwa nyumba nthawi zonse, kuchotseratu zatsalira za chakudya chosadyedwe, kuchotsedwa ndi kulowa mkati mwa makoswe ndi ena odwala matendawa mmalo, kuyang'anira ma drafts ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kusintha, kuti alimi wathanzi ndi othawa ayenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta awa:
- Sungani zinyama zazing'ono kusiyana ndi akuluakulu.
- Ikani chimbudzi cha mwezi uliwonse kwa anapiye atsopano musanawaike m'chipinda chimodzi ndi mbalame zina.
- Pewani nkhuku ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda.
- Musamapatse mankhwala awo mankhwala olimbana ndi ma antibacterial "pokhapokha ngati" kapena atadziwa matenda osadziwika popanda matenda ndi mankhwala ochiritsira ndi dokotala.
- Musapitirire chiwerengero chokwanira cha anthu pamtunda wa mita imodzi (chifukwa cha mitundu yonse ya mbalame ndi ya msinkhu uliwonse zikhalidwezi ndi zosiyana).
- Ngati n'kotheka, kuchepetsa kukhudzana kwa nkhuku ndi mbalame zina, makamaka, ndi nkhunda, zomwe zimakhala zonyamula trichomoniasis.
Ndikofunika kudziŵa mlingo wa Metronidazole wofunikira kuti nkhuku zakula.
Metronidazole ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka komanso ogwira mtima ochizira matenda atatu oopsa kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza nkhuku. Komabe, kuti ntchito yake yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya ena ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tilimbikire nthawi yaitali, muyenera kuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa monga momwe adanenera ndi dokotala, kutenga zofunikira zonse kuti muteteze matendawa, makamaka chitukuko chake ndi kusintha kwa matendawa mawonekedwe a antibiotic osagonjetsedwa.
