Aquilegia - herbaceous osatha, banja - Ranunculaceae. Malo okhala ndi malo okhaokha kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Kuchokera pamitundu 60 mpaka 120 ikufotokozedwa, 35 mwa iwo ndi omwe amafunidwa, ndiye kuti, mitundu yosakanizidwa yopangidwa, monga mbewu zakutchire m'minda yamaluwa, monga lamulo, sizikhala ndi mizu.
Dzinalo lomwe limasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini limatha kutanthauziridwa m'njira ziwiri:
- Kututa kwamadzi - kugwirira (rus.).
- Zogwirizana ndi mawu oti "chiwombankhanga". M'madera ena dzina loti "chiwombankhanga" limapezeka.
Chomera ndi chimodzi mwazocheperako zomwe zimakhala ndi "lotus zotsatira" - kuthekera kuti tisanyowe ndi madzi. Chinyezi, chikugwera pamwamba pa pepalalo, chimadontheka ndikuchoka ndikuyamba kusonkhana m'mbali kapena pakatikati.
Katunduyu amapatsidwa lotus, bango, nasturtium ndi ena. Mapiko a Lepidoptera ambiri - agulugufe amakonzedwa ndi mfundo yomweyo.
Zomera ndi mphukira mu chaka chimodzi kuzungulira kudutsa magawo awiri a masamba. Pa gawo loyamba, m'munsi mwa peduncle, kumapeto kwa maluwa, chitsamba cha masamba chimapangidwa pafupi ndi mizu.
M'nyengo yozizira, iwo amakhalabe obiriwira ndipo amafa masika, m'malo mwake, masamba atsopano obisika amapezeka pa petioles lalitali kenako maulendo apamwamba.
Maluwa a malo ogulitsawo akuyang'ana, ndipo amakhala okha, ndipo ndi miyala isanu yolumikizana ndi spurs, kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndi kupezeka kwawo kapena kusapezeka kwawo komwe kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri pakusiyana kwamitundu ya aquilegia - kukula kwake, kutalika, kukwera m'mwamba.
Mitundu ya masamba ikhoza kukhala yosiyana: buluu, chikasu, ofiira. Mitundu ya mitundu iwiri ndi terry akufotokozedwa mwachilengedwe. Maluwa a mitundu yosakanizidwa ndi osiyanasiyana.
Ndi chomera cha uchi. Mbewu ndizing'onozing'ono, zonyezimira, zakuda, zapoizoni.
Chomera ndi chomera chokhacho chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pamtundu wosakanizidwa pamangidwe. Mitundu yamtchire simamera m'minda. Masamba a Aquilegia akukongoletsa kwa zaka 5. Kenako amafunika kusinthidwa ndi atsopano.
Maluwa a Aquilegia ochokera pakona inayake amawoneka ngati maluwa. Pazowoneka mozungulira pamiyala, amafananizidwa ndi ma slows.
Posachedwa, kugundaku kwatchuka kwambiri. Imakongoletsa malo okongola a mapaki ndi minda, makamaka komwe kuli maiwe okongoletsera.
Mitundu ya Aquilegia
| Onani | Chiyambi | Kufotokozera | Maluwa | Nthawi ya maluwa |
| Alpine | European | Pesi ndi lopanda 30-40cm, lokhazikika pamwamba. Masamba amasiyana, ochepa. | Buluu wowala, kuchokera 1 mpaka 5 mu inflorescence. | Julayi-Ogasiti |
| Glandular | 15-60 masentimita okhala ndi tsinde lolunjika, pubescent kumtunda. | Mtundu wamtundu wabuluu, wosayera kapena wachikasu, mpaka pazidutswa zitatu pa peduncle. | Juni - pakati pa Ogasiti | |
| Zofala | Tsinde ndi nthambi, kutalika 30-70cm. Masamba pamwamba amakhala obiriwira pang'ono, pansi pake ndi amvi. Zomera zili ndi poizoni. | Mithunzi ya buluu, yofiirira, yofiira ndi yapinki. Nthawi zina zoyera. | Juni-Julayi | |
| Olimpiki | Tsinde lomata limabzalidwa pamwamba. Masamba ndi elliptical, siliva kumbuyo. | Hafu yachiwiri ya Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni | ||
| Mdima | Tchire ndi lokwera masentimita 30-80. Masamba ndi amvi. | Wofiirira wakuda. Ndi spurs yochepa. Zokongoletsa. | Mapeto a Meyi - kuyambira Juni. | |
| Buluu | Waku America | Zimayambira pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimatambalala. Tchire limakhala lokwera masentimita 50, mpaka 70 cm. Masamba ndi obiriwira obiriwira, akuluakulu - 6 cm. | Zowirikiza kawiri, kuyambira koyera mpaka buluu ndi mithunzi ya lilac. Chachikulu. | Masiku 25-30 |
| Waku Canada | Masamba akhungu otayika Amakonda mthunzi ndi malo onyowa. | Chachikulu, chokhala ndi ma spurs akulu. Carmine ofiira. Pakatikati ndi chikasu cha mandimu. | Juni | |
| Wagolide | Chomera champhamvu. Sichosowa kwenikweni m'mayendedwe athu. Chilala ndi nyengo yozizira. | Chachikulu, chokhazikika, chagolide. | Juni-Julayi | |
| Skinner | Pesi ndilowongoka, kuthengo, mpaka kutalika kwa mita. Masamba ndi ochepa pa petioles lalifupi, pubescent pansipa. | Zopaka utoto osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi - ofiira, achikaso komanso obiriwira. | Maluwa amatenga masiku 25-50. | |
| Wopanga mawonekedwe | Chijapani | Zomera zazitali, masamba a ternate pazitali zazitali. | Ili ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri kuchokera ku mtundu wakuda, kuchokera kumtambo wobiriwira mpaka kuyera. | Zaka khumi zachiwiri za Meyi. |
| Zophatikiza | Amachokera pakuwoloka mitundu yaku Europe ndi America. | Kutalika kumayambira 0.5 mpaka 1 mita. | Maluwa ndi akulu, nthawi zina popanda spurs konse. Mitundu ndiyosiyana kwambiri. | Kutengera mitundu. |
Kukula kwa aquilegia kuchokera ku mbewu
Mukugwa, mutatha kucha, mbewu zingabzalidwe nthawi yomweyo. Zomera izi zimaberekanso bwino podzilimitsa. Mphukira zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimatha. Koma ngati pakufunika kutero, zitha kusiyira mbande kuti zibzalire m'malo mwa zitsamba zachikale komanso zokhwima.
Mukakula kuchokera ku mbewu, aquilegia imaphuka mchaka chachiwiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti patatha chaka chimodzi mbewu zimaphukira.
Tikukula Aquilegia
Amaloledwa kubzala mbewu m'chaka. Zobzala zomwe zatulutsidwa kale kuposa kugwa komaliza ziyenera kukhala zisanaziziridwe - zisanjike mumsewu mu chisanu kapena kunyumba mufiriji.
Aquilegia imabzalidwa m'matumba oyala m'nthaka yokonzedwa kale. Kwa osakaniza amatenga mchenga wofanana, wovunda humus ndi dothi lamtunda. Dothi limakhala lonyowa komanso kupendekera pang'ono. Patulani nyemba zogawana momwe mungathere ndikuphimba ndi dothi loonda (3mm) lapansi.
Kubzala pamwamba kumakutidwa ndi nsalu yachilengedwe yowala kapena nkhani zamakina ndikutsukidwa m'malo ozizira (+ 16 ... +18 0C)
Mphukira zimaswa kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pa gawo la "masamba athunthu" mbendera.
Nthawi yoti afike
Pokulima pamalo otseguka, mbewu zazikulu zimabzalidwa mu June. Aquilegia imabwereketsa bwino kuchokera ku mbewu, ndipo mutha kusankha nthawi yabwino kuti wolimayo abzale. Nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, amafesa mu Okutobala, ndipo mbande zimabzalidwa mu Epulo.
Momwe mungabzalire
Malo abwino kwambiri a aquilegia ndi mthunzi wocheperako. Kachikondako kamakula bwino pamtunda wonyowa, wotayirira, komanso wachonde. Pa 1m2 kukhala ndi mbewu 10-12.
Amakhalanso m'mabedi a maluwa owala ndi dzuwa, nthawi yokhayo yomwe maluwa akuyandikira ndi kuchuluka kwa masamba ochepa.
Kusamalira Akulagia
Aquilegia ndi wodzichepetsa kubzala, kukula ndi kusamalira. Kutsirira, kudulira, kumasula dothi, muyenera kudyetsa bwino, popanda zovuta.
Imalekerera chilala chokwanira komanso chisanu chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha nyengo.
Izi zimathandizidwa ndi dongosolo lokhazikika komanso yolowa mozama mizu.
Kudyetsa Aquilegia
Aquilegia amadyetsedwa kawiri pachaka. Nthawi yomweyo, amafunika feteleza wam'migodi: superphosphate, nitrate, mchere wa potaziyamu (50, 25, 15 g) ndikuthilira ndi kulowetsedwa kofooka kwa mullein kapena ndowe za mbalame.
Aquilegia pambuyo maluwa
Pambuyo maluwa, aquilegia amataya kukongoletsa kwake. Kuti apulumutse mphamvu pakulimbana kwatsopano, magawo amayikidwa. Ngati mbewu zikufunika, timitengo tokhala ndi masamba ambiri timasiyidwa kuti zipse.
Ndikofunika kudula mitengo yazipatso musanatsegule nyemba zanu ndi kudzipatula mwansanga.
Zisanu
Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chisanu ndipo nyengo yotentha imakhala yabwino kwambiri kumpoto kwa taiga. Pogona padera pa dzinja sikufunika. Kusiyana kwake ndi kwa tchire zaka 4-5.
Amachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi ana, kapena ngati pazifukwa zina zofunika kuzisunga, zimakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza, womwe ungathandize kuti mizu isazizidwe.
Kupeza kuli koyenera kwa distillation. Lidzaphuka panyumba kale m'mwezi wa Epulo, ngati mungakumbe ma rhizomes m'dzinja, mbiyani muutali miphika yayikulu, yayitali ndikuyiyika m'chipinda chozizira, chosasinthika nthawi yozizira mpaka kumapeto kwa Januware.
Mwachitsanzo, chapansi, garaja, chipinda kapena khonde. Kenako ikani malo abwino oyatsidwa ndi kutentha kwa + 12 ... +16 0C. Sill pawindo ndi yabwino pazolinga izi.
Kubala kwa Aquilegia
Kufalikira ndi mbewu, kudula ndi kugawa chitsamba.
Pakudula masika kumaphukira kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe masamba sanaphuke kwambiri. Chogwiriziracho chizikhala ndi gawo limodzi lomwe mphukira zatsopano zimapangika.
Muzu mu chizolowezi. Nthaka imasankhidwa kuti ikhale yopanda tanthauzo, mchenga wambiri wosambitsidwa umawonjezedwanso. Zodulidwa zimanyowa mu Kornevin, ndikuyika mabokosi pansi pa kanema, kapena iliyonse imakutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa. Kutsirira ndi kupatsira mpweya ndizocheperako.
Zomera zikamera mizu, zimabzyala pamalo okhazikika. Zophatikiza zotsika pang'ono pamtunda wa 25 cm, kutalika - 40 cm.
Pogawa zogwirizira zimafalitsidwa pokhapokha pakufunika komanso mosamala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mukafuna kubzala mwachangu kapena kupita kudera lina mtundu wosowa.
Mizu yakuya ya chitsamba chachikulire ndiyovuta kwambiri kugawa popanda kuwonongeka. Pachifukwa ichi, chitsamba chimakumbidwa kwathunthu, mizu imatsukidwa bwino, imaloledwa kuti iume pang'ono, pafupifupi masamba onse ndi zitsamba zimachotsedwa, ndikusiya malo okulira awiri pa gawo lililonse. Dulani muzu ndi mpeni wakuthwa m'munda popanda kuwononga masamba ndi mizu.
Malo odulawo amawaza ndi makala ndikubzalidwe mosamala m'm zitsime zokonzedwa zotayika ndi madzi, kufalitsa mizu. "Swing" chogwira ntchito chidzakhala nthawi yayitali.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
| Matenda / Tizilombo | Zizindikiro | Njira zoyesera |
| Powdery mildew | Chikwangwani choyera, chofiyira kapena chofiirira pamasamba, chimachita khungu ndikumwalira pansi. | Zomwe zimayambukiridwazo zimachotsedwa, zothiridwa ndi yankho la sopo ochapira ndi sulfure wamkuwa kapena ndi mankhwala enaake a sulfure. |
| Dzimbiri | ||
| Gray zowola | ||
| Ma nsabwe | Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mtundu wobiriwira, utoto wokutira. | Tchire lolimba limathandizidwa ndi Actellik, Karbofos, yarrow phala. Gwiritsani ntchito komanso kusamala monga malangizo. |
| Spider mite | Ukonde wa kangaude, tizilombo pamasamba. |
