Kodi mungapereke bwanji chisamaliro chabwino kwa begonia ku Elatior kunyumba? Malangizo a kukula ndi kukulitsa zomera

Begonia Elatior (maluwa) - mtundu wofala kwambiri wa begonias. Ichi ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa, womwe unapangidwa chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa Socotransky begonia ndi tuberous.

Chotsatiracho chinali chomera chodabwitsa: maluwa okongola motsutsana ndi masamba obiriwira okongola - amawoneka okongola komanso odabwitsa.

M'munsimu muli zithunzi za Elatior's begonias, zomwe, ndithudi, zimangosonyeza kukongola kwakukulu kwa chisomo cha maluwa, komanso kupeza momwe mungasamalire bwino zomera.

Mafotokozedwe a botaniki ndi chithunzi

Begonia Elatior ndi nthumwi ya gulu lachisanu cha Hiemalis. Zomwe zimatha nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zina zimakula monga chomera chaka chilichonse chomwe chimatayidwa kunja kwa maluwa.

Kutalika kwake kwa duwa ndi masentimita makumi anai. Tsinde lakuthwa ndi lakuda, mtundu wofiira. Masamba a begonia ndi ochepa; zooneka ngati zobiriwira, zobiriwira zobiriwira zakuda. Maluwa a chomeracho ndi aakulu, kufika pamtali masentimita asanu. Petals ndi wamba kapena terry, nthawi zina amakongoletsedwa m'mphepete mwa mphonje.

Izi ndi zomwe Begonia Elatior amawoneka ngati:

Mbiri ya

Begonia anadziwika kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi Monk Charles Plume (anali m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiŵiri), adali membala wopita ku Antilles. Pafupifupi, iwo anapeza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya chomera ichi. Wokonda mitengo adatcha dzina la duwa polemekeza bwanamkubwa wa chilumbacho, amenenso anali mnzake, Michel Begon.

Zomwe amangidwa

Kuunikira

Ngakhale kukongola uku kumakonda kuyatsa bwino, ndi bwino kumusunga kunja kwa dzuwa. Kuti mukule Elatioor pawindo, muyenera mawindo kuti muyang'ane mbali za kumadzulo ndi kummawa. Mukaika begonia kumwera, ndiye kuti idzaphuka ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono.

Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi

Kuti mtundu wosakanizidwa ukhale bwino ndikuphuka kwa nthawi yayitali, uyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chofunda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 18-20 Celsius. Ngati kutentha mu chipinda chili pansipa, ndiye kuti begonia imasiya kukula ndikusiya masamba. N'zosatheka kukula maluwa pamtunda wotsika, mwinamwake udzayamba kuvunda mizu yake kapena tsinde. Pachifukwa ichi, madontho otentha ndi zojambula zimatsutsana pazomera.

Begonia Elatior imakhala yovuta kwambiri pa chinyezi cha mlengalenga, komabe, sayenera kupopedwa. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi kuzungulira chomeracho, mukhoza kuika mphika pamphete wodzaza ndi moss, dothi lonyowa kapena peat.

Zosakanikirana

Begonia ayenera kubzalidwa osasunthika, nthaka yopuma komanso yopuma (yosakaniza dothi, humus ndi mchenga). Phika la maluwa liyenera kukhala lophatikizana, mizu yake ndi yofooka kwambiri ndipo sikuli bwino kuisintha.

N'zotheka kubzala duwa pokhapokha kutha kwa nyengo yozizira. Musanadzalemo ndikofunikira kuchotsa mizu ya nthaka ndikuyikira muyeso yochepa ya potassium permanganate kwa ola limodzi. Ngati chomeracho chili ndi mizu yofooka komanso yovunda, ayenera kuchotsedwa.

Poto latsopano liyenera kukhala lalikulu masentimita atatu kusiyana ndi lija. Nthaka yopatsirana imayenera kukhala yolema ndi yowonjezera kuti ikhale yosungira bwino chinyezi, koma nthawi yomweyo iume bwino. Mukhoza kudzikonzekeretsa dziko lapansi kusakaniza.

Pazimenezi mufunikira:

• nthaka;
• chithunzi;
• tsamba humus.

Zida zonsezi ziyenera kusakanizidwa mofanana. Mtsinje wa Coarse uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku dothi lokonzekera ku begonia. kapena perlite.

Kusamalira kwanu

Kuthirira

Elatio begonia akhoza kuthiriridwa pokhapokha chipinda chadothi chimatha (pakati pa pakati). Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, musapitirire ndi madzi - duwa silivomereza dampness. Mphika, kapena pan panopa madzi sayenera kugwedezeka, mwinamwake zimayambira za zomera zidzayamba kuvunda. Ndibwino kuti musawonjezere madzi kusiyana ndi kutsanulira; sipadzakhala kalikonse kuchokera ku madzi ang'onoang'ono ku begonia, koma kusefukira kudzadzala ndi zotsatira zoopsa.

Kupaka pamwamba

Kudyetsa Elatio kumafunikira kwambiri mosamala. Pofuna kudyetsa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndizosafunika kugwiritsa ntchito kavalidwe ka organic., chifukwa kawirikawiri ntchito ya nayitrojeni imapanga maluwa imayambira madzi, owonetsetsa komanso osowa. Pambuyo popereka chakudya chambiri cha begonias masamba amafunika kwambiri, ndipo maluwawo samawoneka okongola monga momwe ayenera.

Pewani

Njirayi imakulolani kupanga zokongoletsera za maluwa ndi kupereka chilichonse pa chifuniro (pyramidal, spherical, ndi zina zotero). Kodi mungayende bwanji ku begonia? Ndikofunikira kuti muchite njirayi musanayambe maluwa kapena pambuyo (mu autumn kapena masika). Ndipo mukuyenera kutsina monga chonchi:

1. Choyamba muyenera kupeza malo apamwamba pa kukula kwa tsinde la mbewu.
2. Tsopano mukufunika kuti muzitsulo pang'ono penti imodzi kapena ziwiri.
3. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri kapena atatu, kukula kosavuta kwa mphukira yotsatira kumayambira.

Ndikhoza liti kubwezeretsa chomeracho mutagula?

Mizu ya begonias ikuyamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo imatenga nthawi yayitali chipinda chadothi, zomwe zimapangika nthawi zambiri. Matenda oyamba a begonia omwe sanagwiritse ntchito bwino mphikawo saloledwa. N'kosafunikanso kubwezeretsa duwa nthawi yomweyo mutagula. Chokhachokha chingakhale chosowa mwachangu pa izi. Nazi zifukwa zingapo zomwe mungathe kubzala begonia:

• Mizu ya maluwa imakhala yakuda kwambiri kuti ayang'ane kunja kwa mabowo;
• masamba a chikasu amapezeka;
• matenda a fungal akuwonetsa;
• anapeza tizirombo mu nthaka;
• mphika wagwera pansi.

Palinso njira ina yothandizira kumvetsetsa pamene mungathe kubwezeretsa duwa. Kuti muchite izi, gwirani chomeracho ndi dzanja limodzi ndipo wina mutembenuze mphika pamodzi ndi maluwa mozungulira. Tsopano mukufunika kukoka mphika kuti mutsegule chipinda chadothi. Ngati ataphimbidwa ndi mizu, ndiye nthawi yoti mubzalidwe.

Mavuto angakhalepo

Ngakhale kuti begonia ndi chomera chochepa kwambiri, koma matenda ndi tizilombo toononga sizilumikizana. Komabe, monga ndi chomera china chiri chonse, chingathe kukhumudwitsa ngati matenda a masamba. Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a maluwa:

1. Mame a Mealy. Tsambali liri ndi mawanga ochepa, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono ndi kuphimba lonse lapansi ndi chovala choyera cha powdery. Ndiye pepalayo imamveka ndipo imauma.
2. Grey kuvunda. Pa masamba, pamwamba pa mphukira ndi maluwa amaoneka mawanga oyera ndi imvi pachimake, zomwe zimakhala zakuda, zimakhala zofiirira ndi zonyowa. Zimayambira kuvunda ndi kusiya. Masambawa ali ndi mapenje aakulu.
3. Bakiteriya kuona. Pansikati mwa masamba muli ndi madontho a madzi, omwe pamapeto pake amdima mpaka bulauni; masamba amawomba mdima.
4. Macheza. Masamba pang'onopang'ono amakhala ndi mawanga komanso mawanga, kenako masamba amathirapo.

Komanso begonia akhoza kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nazi mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo ndi zizindikiro za "zizolowezi" zawo:

1. Mug ndi ofewa. Mukadwala matendawa, zomerazo zimafooka ndipo sizikuphulika bwino. Masamba a duwa amawoneka bwino komanso amatha kuwonongeka.
2. Aphid Masamba amatembenukira achikasu, masango a tizilombo amawoneka pansi (kutalika kwake kumafikira milimita awiri ndi theka).
3. Dvukhrylka. Masamba a begonia amatembenukira chikasu, ndipo m'munsi mwa chinyama tingathe kuwona tizilombo tokha limodzi ndi theka millimeters yaitali ndi awiri awiri a mapiko ophimbidwa ndi white scurf.
4. Kupuma. Maluwawo ali kumbuyo komweko mu kukula. Masamba amatha kutambasuka ndi kutembenukira chikasu, amasonyeza tizilombo tofewa mpaka mamita awiri ndi hafu kukula kwake ndi mapaundi awiri a mapiko.
5. Gallic nematode - Nyongolotsi yomwe imakhala mumzu ndi gawo la pansi. Amapanga galls poika mazira, ndipo amatchedwa ndulu nematode. Izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi imfa ya chomera.
6. Leaf nematode. Nyongolotsiyi sichitha mamita imodzi m'litali, koma zovulaza zake sizing'ono. Kugonjetsedwa ndi tsamba nematode, limathamanga thicken ndi kuguguda, ndipo kuwala kumawoneka pamaso.

Ngati mukufuna kubwezeretsanso zitsamba za m'nyumba zanu monga begonia, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kukonzekera mosamala komanso mosamalitsa zinthu zonse zachilengedwe za kukongola kosavuta komanso kudziwa zomwe zimachitika. Koma zoyesayesazi sizongopanda phindu, chifukwa kuti mumadzisamalira nokha adzasangalala ndi maluwa okongola komanso okongola.