Mbatata yamkatikati imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, izi ndizothandiza pa mitundu yoyambirira. Tubers ndi osalala ndi okongola, zokolola zimasungidwa bwino. Makhalidwe onsewa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Slavyanka, yofunsidwa ndi a Chiyukireniya.
Pa webusaiti yathu mudzapeza zambiri zamakono za mbatata "Slavyanka" ndi zithunzi ndi ndondomeko.
Mbatata "Slavyanka": kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana
| Maina a mayina | Slavyanka |
| Zomwe zimachitika | pakatikati pa nyengo nyengo ya tebulo |
| Nthawi yogonana | Masiku 100-120 |
| Zosakaniza zowonjezera | 11-13% |
| Misa yambiri yamalonda | 90-250 gr |
| Chiwerengero cha tubers kuthengo | 7-15 |
| Pereka | 180-330 c / ha |
| Mtundu wa ogulitsa | kukoma ndi kokoma komanso koyenera, koyenera kufumira ndi kuphika saladi |
| Chikumbumtima | 95% |
| Mtundu wa khungu | zofiira |
| Mtundu wambiri | kirimu |
| Malo okonda kukula | Central Black Earth |
| Matenda oteteza matenda | kugonjetsedwa ndi golide mbatata nematode, mbatata khansara tizilomboti, wrinkled ndi mizere zojambulajambula, tsamba curling kachilombo |
| Zizindikiro za kukula | amakonda kudya, mwinamwake wosayang'ana |
| Woyambitsa | Gulu la Kirovograd Yopanga Zamakono UAAS |
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha Slavyanka mbatata zosiyanasiyana:
- Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono
- mawonekedwe ovunda, opangidwa;
- Mizu ya masamba ndi yosalala, yoyera, yabwino kugulitsa;
- peel pinki-wofiirira, wogawidwa wachizungu, woonda, ofewa;
- maso osadziwika, ochepa, osadziwika;
- zamkati ndi zonona;
- Mtedza wokhudzana ndi wowonjezera, pafupifupi 11.1 mpaka 13.4%;
- mapuloteni ambiri, mavitamini a gulu B, amino acid.
Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu mukhoza kuwona kuchuluka kwa ochepa omwe amapezeka mu mitundu ina ya mbatata ndi kuwayerekeza ndi izi:
| Maina a mayina | Zosakaniza zowonjezera |
| Slavyanka | 11-13% |
| Grenada | 10-17% |
| Cheri | 11-15% |
| Natasha | 11-14% |
| Zekura | 13-18% |
| Bullfinch | 15-16% |
| Timo | 13-14% |
| Spring | 11-15% |
| Molly | 13-22% |
| Chiphona | 16-19% |
| Santana | 13-17% |
Tikukufotokozerani chidwi chokhudza katundu wa mbatata.Werengani za solanine yoopsa mu tubers, kaya ndi zotheka kudya ndi kumwa madzi, mbatata zothandiza.
Maso anu mbatata zosiyanasiyana "Slavyanka" pa chithunzichi:
Makhalidwe
"Slavyanka" - kumapeto kwa tebulo okhwima. Kuyambira kubzala mpaka kukolola Masiku 125-140. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera kwa kulima mafakitale kapena kubzala m'minda. Zokololazo ndi zabwino kwambiri, kuchokera ku hekita 1 zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa 180 mpaka 330 omwe amakhala ndi mbatata yosankhidwa.
Zokolola za mitundu ina zofanizira zikufotokozedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi:
| Maina a mayina | Pereka |
| Slavyanka | 180-330 c / ha |
| Lorch | 250-350 c / ha |
| Wosamalira | 180-380 c / ha |
| League | 210-350 c / ha |
| Zabwino | 170-280 makilogalamu / ha |
| Svitanok Kiev | mpaka 460 c / ha |
| Borovichok | Anthu 200 mpaka 200 / ha |
| Lapot | 400-500 c / ha |
| Mkazi wachimerika | 250-420 c / ha |
| Colombo | 220-420 c / ha |
| Chiwonetsero Chofiira | 260-380 c / ha |
Mtengo ndi mtundu wa mizu zimadalira kufunika kwa nthaka ndi nyengo. Zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri zimafikira anthu 400 pa hekitala. Mbatata yokololedwa imasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, popanda kutaya khalidwe lapamwamba la mankhwala ndi kukoma kwa kukoma.
Werengani zambiri zokhudza kusungirako mbatata: nthawi, kutentha, malo ndi mavuto. Ndiponso, momwe mungasungire mizu m'nyengo yozizira, mumasitolo odyera ndi kosungirako, mu nyumba ndi pa khonde, mu zowonjezera, mufiriji, peeled.
Chitsamba chosakanikirana, chokwera kwambiri, chimakhala chochuluka kwambiri. Zimayambira nthambi, zochepa. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, otchuka, ophatikizidwa kwambiri, ndi mitsempha yooneka bwino, m'mphepete mwazing'ono ndi phokoso lofooka.
Chiwerengero cha zipatso ndizochepa. The compact corolla ili ndi maluwa a mtundu wa bluu wofiirira omwe ali ndi nsonga zoyera. Mizu yayamba bwino, 12-15 anasankhidwa tubers amapangidwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopanda mpikisano kuli kochepa.
Mbatata ndi mtundu wolimba, amafunika kuvala kawirikawiri komanso kuthirira moyenera. Zosiyanasiyana zimakonda kusinthasintha kwa mchere feteleza ndi organic. Nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya mchenga ndi yabwino.
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungadyetse mbatata, nthawi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza, momwe mungachitire mukamabzala, zomwe zimadyetsa bwino.
Tubers samadzikundikira nitrates, mbewu zakuthupi sizingatheke. Mbewu yazuzi siimapirira bwino ndi kusokonezeka kwa makina, pamene kukolola, kusamalidwa kumafunika.
Mbatata zosiyanasiyana "Slavyanka" Kulimbana ndi matenda akuluakulu osokoneza bongo: khansa ya mbatata, fodya kapena makwinya a makwinya, tsamba lopiringa, mwendo wakuda, cyst nematode. Kukaniza kwa nsonga zolepheretsa mochedwa ndi tubers ndizochepa. Zingayambitse nkhungu: imvi, mizu kapena pamwamba. Werenganinso za Alternaria, Fusarium, nkhanambo, ndi Verticillium wilt.
Ogulitsa amakondwerera kukoma kwa mizu masamba. Mbatata pang'ono wiritsani wofewa, ndi tubers kusunga mawonekedwe abwino. Kukoma kwa mbatata yophika kumadzaza, pang'ono mokoma, popanda kuyanika kwambiri kapena madzi.
Mafuta otsika kwambiri Salola mizu kuti ikhale yodetsedwa pakadula ndi kuphika, mbale zopangidwa ndi zokongoletsera zimakhala ndi mtundu wa golide wonyezimira. Oyenera kuphika soups, mbali mbale, wokazinga, stuffing. Tubers amapanga chips zokoma ndi zozizwitsa za ku France.
Chiyambi
Slavyanka mbatata zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa ndi Chiyukireniya obereketsa. Ntchitoyi inagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito ku Kirovograd Agrarian Industrial Institute. Analembedwa mu Register Register ya Russian Federation mu 2009, adatumizidwa kudera la pakati (Central, Volga ndi zigawo zina).
Analimbikitsa zamasamba kulima, mwinamwake kubzala kuseri kumbuyo. Mbewu yachitsulo ndi yoyenera kugulitsidwa kapena kukonzekera zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana ndi:
- kukoma kwakukulu kwa tubers;
- bwino zipatso;
- kucha;
- khalidwe la kusunga bwino;
- khalidwe labwino la mankhwala;
- dziko lonse la tubers;
- kudzichepetsa kuti nyengo isinthe, chilala cha nthawi yochepa;
- kukana matenda aakulu.
Kuipa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumaphatikizapo kupanda kusowa kwa tubers kuti zisawonongeke. Mbatata, yawonongeka pamene kukumba, kukanidwa.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Tubers kumakhala mu nthaka yotentha kwambiri, limatsimikizira mphukira zaubwenzi. Musanadzalemo, mbatata zimatenthedwa, nthaka imamasulidwa mosamala, humus kapena phulusa la nkhuni limayikidwa mumabowo. Mtengo wobzala ndi wofanana, masentimita 35 amasiyidwa pakati pa tchire, m'katikati mwa mzere wa masentimita 75 ndi ofunika.
Kuti zikule bwino mbatata Danzi kuthirira ndilofunika. Kutentha kwabwino, osati kokwanira madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka.
Zosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi chilala kanthawi kochepa, koma popanda kusowa kwa chinyezi, tubers zimakhala zochepa, ndipo zokolola zimachepa.
Kwa nyengo tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga feteleza wothira mafuta omwe ali ndi potaziyamu wambirindipo maulendo 1-2 kuti muwamwetsere chodzala ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame.
Sizimapweteketsa kugwirana ndi kukwera pakati pa mizere. Zomwe mungachite kuti muzitsuka mbatata, osati kuzigwira-ndi dzanja kapena ndi mlimi komanso ngati mungapezeko zokolola zabwino popanda kupalira ndi kudula, werengani nkhani zathu.
Tubers amawoneka ngati mawotchi kuwonongeka.. Pamene mafakitale akumba akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito okolola ali ndi mbali. Kukumba kumafuna kulondola molondola. Tizilombo toonongeka sizisungidwa. Zokolola zimaikidwa kuti ziume pamphepete kapena pansi pa denga.
Tubers amasungidwa bwino pamalo ozizira ndi owuma. Mafupipafupi bulkhead sakufunika. Pokumbukira kutentha kwabwino, mbatata sizimatayika katundu kwa miyezi ingapo.
Pa tsamba lathuli mudzapeza nkhani zambiri zothandiza. Kodi mukudziwa chiyani za kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa?Werengani zonse za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala a herbicides, fungicides ndi tizirombo pamene mukukula mbatata.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Verticillosis
Kuteteza kuchepa kwachedwa Mankhwala othandizira mankhwala amphongo akulimbikitsidwa.. Kupopera mbewu za phytosporine ndi kukonzekera bwino kwa nthaka yobzala kumapulumutsidwa ku zowola ndi bowa.
Koma zowononga, vuto lalikulu kwa wamaluwa limatulutsidwa ndi Colorado kafadala ndi mphutsi zawo, njuchi zakutchire, tizilombo towombera, tizilombo togufegufe, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo toyambitsa kangaude, njenjete za mbatata, cycadas. Pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo mudzapeza zambiri pa webusaiti yathu.
Pakuvulala kwakukulu, kupopera mankhwala tizilombo kumatchulidwa patapita masiku angapo. Nsonga zapatsiku zimadulidwa masiku angapo musanayambe kukolola.
"Slavyanka" - mitundu yovomerezeka yotsimikiziridwa ndi yovomerezeka yabwino yoyenera kulima mafakitale, ulimi ndi nyumba zapakhomo. Ndibwino kuti ulimi wamakono ukhale wabwino kwambiri, anatola tubers amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kutaya kukoma kwake. Mbewu sizimatha, zimatha kusonkhanitsa chaka chilichonse kuti zitsatidwe.
Werengani komanso njira zina zogwirira mbatata: pansi pa udzu, m'matumba, mabokosi, mu barre. Komanso ponena za mayiko omwe masambawa amakula kwambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotchuka ku Russia, chomwe chiri chofunika kwambiri pa kulima mitundu yoyambirira ndi chikhalidwe cha teknoloji ya Dutch.
Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu mudzapeza zokhudzana ndi mitundu ya mbatata ndi nyengo zokolola zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili pa webusaiti yathu:
| Pakati-nyengo | Kumapeto kwenikweni | Kuyambira m'mawa oyambirira |
| Chiphona | Melody | Innovator |
| Toscany | Margarita | Zabwino |
| Yanka | Alladin | Mkazi wachimerika |
| Lilac njoka | Chilimbikitso | Krone |
| Openwork | Kukongola | Onetsetsani |
| Desiree | Milady | Elizabeth |
| Santana | Lemongrass | Vega |
