
Mbatata ya Belarus imatengedwa ngati mlingo weniweni wa khalidwe ndi kukoma.
N'zosadabwitsa kuti mitundu yatsopano imasangalatsidwa ndi wamaluwa ndi alimi, amakula podzifunira okha komanso monga gawo la bizinesi yawo.
Zina mwazinthu zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi Yanka, zobala zokoma, zokoma ndi zosavuta kusamalira. M'nkhani ino tidzakuuzani mwatsatanetsatane za izi - ndondomeko, zizindikiro za kulima, zizindikiro ndi machitidwe a matenda.
Chiyambi
Zomera za mbatata Yanka zokhala ndi abambo a ku Belarusian. Woyambitsa ndi Mzinda wa Belarus wa Zomera ndi Kukula Kudzala. Chiwerengerochi chabweretsedwa mu boma lolemba boma la Russian Federation mu 2012. Mbatata imatulutsidwa kudera la Central ndi North-Western. Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti kulima m'minda ndi minda, kulima minda yokha yakhitchini. Kololani bwino yosungidwa, yoyenera kuyendetsa. Mitundu yabwino, yotayira bwino ndi yabwino kugulitsidwa, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamunda.
Mbatata "Yanka": kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi
Maina a mayina | Yanka |
Zomwe zimachitika | Zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndi zokolola zazikulu komanso khalidwe labwino |
Nthawi yogonana | Masiku 90-100 |
Zosakaniza zowonjezera | 14,8-15,4% |
Misa yambiri yamalonda | 80-110 |
Chiwerengero cha tubers kuthengo | 8-12 |
Pereka | 195-315 c / ha |
Mtundu wa ogulitsa | zokoma zokoma kukoma, thupi silimdima pamene sliced, pang'ono yophika zofewa |
Chikumbumtima | 96% |
Mtundu wa khungu | chikasu |
Mtundu wambiri | kirimu |
Malo okonda kukula | zilizonse |
Matenda oteteza matenda | sing'anga kalasi kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toononga phytophthora wa masamba ndi masamba, kugonjetsedwa ndi golide mbatata chotupa nematode, mbatata carcinoma |
Zizindikiro za kukula | amayankha bwino kwa mlingo wapamwamba wa feteleza mchere |
Woyambitsa | Malo achi Belarusiya a Zomera ndi Zomera |
Yanka - tebulo lapakati pa nyengo. Kuchita bwino kuli bwino, kumadalira kukula ndi chikhalidwe. 195 mpaka 315 omwe amasankha mbatata amasankhidwa kuchokera ku 1 hekitala. Mtengo wapamwamba umakhazikitsidwa pa anthu okwana 360 pa hekitala.
Gome likupereka deta pa zokolola za mbatata zoyambirira:
Maina a mayina | Pereka |
Yanka | 195-315 |
Mlimi | Kuchokera ku 1 hekita kulandira oposa 200 omwe akukhala nawo. |
Meteor | 200 mpaka 400 pa hekitala, malingana ndi dera ndi nyengo. |
Masiku makumi anai | Kuchokera ku mahekitala 1 akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pa 200 mpaka 300. |
Minerva | Kuchokera pa hekita 1 kuchoka 200 mpaka 450 cent centers. |
Karatop | Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa anthu 200 mpaka 200 pa hekitala. |
Veneta | Ambiri ali ndi mazana atatu pa hekitala. |
Zhukovsky oyambirira | Pafupifupi anthu 400 pa hekitala. |
Mtsinje | Kuchokera pa 280 mpaka 450 okwana pa hekitala. |
Kiranda | Kuchokera pakati pa 110 mpaka 320 ozungulira pa hekitala. |
Zosungidwa za tubers zimasungidwa bwino, kusunga khalidwe kumafikira 96%. Werengani zambiri za nthawi ndi kusungirako kutentha kwa mbatata, zokhudzana ndi mavuto. Komanso ponena za kusungira mizu yozizira m'nyengo yozizira, pa khonde, m'firiji, muzitsulo komanso mu mawonekedwe ojambulidwa.
Shrub ndiyimira kakulidwe kakang'ono, kolunjika, ndi kufalitsa nthambi moyenera. Masamba ndi osakanikirana, wobiriwira wobiriwira, okhala ndi mapiri pang'ono. Chomeracho chimakhala chophatikizana, chophatikizidwa kuchokera ku nsalu yofiirira kwambiri, maluwa ogwa mofulumira. Zipatso sizimangidwe kawirikawiri. Mizu imakhala yamphamvu, 8-12 yosankhidwa timachubu amapangidwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.. Zinthu zing'onozing'ono ndi masamba osokoneza maluwa pang'ono.
Pansi pa tebulo mukhoza kuona zofanana zokhudzana ndi kulemera kwake kwa tubers ndi kusunga khalidwe mwa mitundu ina:
Maina a mayina | Mitengo ya tubers (magalamu) | Chikumbumtima |
Yanka | 80-110 | 96% |
Meteor | 100-150 | 95% |
Minerva | 120-245 | 94% |
Kiranda | 92-175 | 95% |
Karatop | 60-100 | 97% |
Veneta | 67-95 | 87% |
Zhukovsky oyambirira | 100-120 | 92-96% |
Mtsinje | 100-180 | 94% |
Mbatata imakula pamtunda uliwonse, tchire timalekerera chilala chaching'ono kapena madontho otentha. Zosiyanasiyana zimamveka pamwamba pa kuvala, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta mchere feteleza, zokolola zimakula kwambiri.
Kupanga Hilling n'kofunikira pakupanga mapiri akuluakulu ndi kuwonongeka kwa namsongole. Mu mikhalidwe yotentha yotentha madzi okwanira akulimbikitsidwa.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Zina mwa ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana:
- kukoma kwake kwa mizu mbewu;
- zokolola zabwino; anatola tubers amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali;
- Mzu wa masamba ndi ofewa, wokongola, wogulitsa;
- mbewu zakuthupi sizingatheke kuwonongeka;
- mbatata sizimawonongeka pakukumba;
- N'zotheka kubzala pa nthaka iliyonse;
- kulekerera kwa vagaries nyengo.
Kuti zolakwika zochepa zikhoza kutengeka kuti zimayambitsa matenda ena.
Zizindikiro za muzu
Mitundu ya mbatata "Yanka" ili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono timene timayambira 80 mpaka 110 g
- mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ovunda;
- ma tubers ndi osalala, abwino;
- peel ndi yachikasu, yofiira, yochepetsetsa, yochepera;
- maso osadziwika, ochepa, osakanikirana, osadziwika;
- mapira pa odulidwa ndi okoma kapena owala;
- Zakudya zowonjezera zimakhala zochepa, kuyambira 14.8 mpaka 15.4%;
- Zakudya zamapuloteni, mavitamini, zamtengo wapatali za amino acid.
Mbatata imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri. Zakudya zosakaniza zokhala ndi masentimita sizimalola kuti minofu ikhale yodetsedwa panthawi yocheka ndi kuphika, mizu siritsani zofewa, koma zikhale zovuta, osati zovuta. Tubers akhoza kuphika, zakuya-koka, choyika zinthu mkati, chophika. Muzochitika zamakampani, mbatata za mbatata zimapanga makapu abwino, zosakaniza ndi mazira kapena mazamu ophwanyika.

Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani solanine ndi yoopsa, ntchito ndi chiwonongeko cha mbatata yaiwisi, ndizotheka kumwa madzi ake ndikudyera ndi chifukwa chiyani mukutero?
Mutha kuona kuonekera kwa mbatata ya Yanka mu chithunzi:
Zizindikiro za kukula
Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, mbatata iyi imayanjanitsidwa ndi dothi lililonse, koma limasankha nthaka yobiriwira. Kukonzekera kumawonjezeka ndi ntchito yoyenera fetereza fetereza. Mavuto ndi mkulu wa nayitrojeni ayenera kupeĊµa, amathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa nsonga kwa kuwonongeka kwa tubers.
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungadyetse mbatata, nthawi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza, momwe mungachitire mutabzala.
Kufika kumayambira mu theka lachiwiri la Maypamene dothi lili lotentha. M'madera otentha, pitani tubers kumayambiriro.
Musanabzala, nthaka imamasulidwa mosamala, zotsalira zamasamba zimasankhidwa kuchokera mmenemo, zomwe zingakhale malo obereketsa mabakiteriya ndi mphutsi za tizilombo. Kuti pakhale chitetezo chochuluka, nthaka ikhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mulch ntchito.
Kulowa malo kumayenera kusinthidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse kuti musapewe matenda. Ndi bwino kudzala mbatata pamtunda umene unali ndi masamba, kabichi, kaloti, ndi zomera zamasamba.
Tubers anafika ndi kuya kwa masentimita 10, mtunda wa pakati pa mabowo ndi 30-35 masentimita. Manyowa ndi phulusa la nkhuni akhoza kuwonongeka ndi mabowo.zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Pa nyengo yobzala 2-3 nthawi zina, kupanga mapiri okwera pamwamba pa tchire. Kuthirira kumalimbikitsidwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza imodzi. Masiku khumi musanayambe kukolola mungathe kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi a superphosphate. Foliar feteleza amalola kuonjezera kulemera kwa tubers, osati kulola iwo kuti azinjike nitrates.
Tubers ali ndi thupi lochepa koma lolimba, lomwe siliwonongeka pokumba. Kwa kulima kwa mafakitale, mungagwiritse ntchito zowonongeka kapena kutsogolo. Mbatata yokolola imasankhidwa ndi kuuma m'malire kapena pansi pa denga. Mbatata zogulitsa zingathe kunyamulidwa mwachindunji kumunda.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Khansara ya mbatata
Analimbikitsa mankhwala a tubers asanadzalemo, kutaya nthaka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kuchepetsa vuto lochedwa, kubzala kumaphatidwa ndi mkuwa wokonzekera.
Werengani komanso za alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillium wilt.
Ponena za tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, mbatata nthawi zambiri amawopsezedwa ndi Colorado nyongolotsi, udzu wa mphutsi, zimbalangondo ndi njenjete za mbatata.
Polimbana nawo iwo amathandiza mankhwala apadera ndi kutsimikiziridwa pa njira zakale za anthu. Ndipo mukhoza kuwerenga za aliyense mwa iwo mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani za webusaiti yathu:
- Kulimbana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata ndi mphutsi zake: mankhwala ochiritsira ndi mankhwala.
- Aktara.
- Regent
- Corado.
- Kutchuka.
- Mmene mungachotsere wireworm m'munda.
- Mankhwala motsutsana ndi mbatata njenjete: gawo 1 ndi gawo 2.
- Timamenyana ndi Medvedka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi kapena zamitundu.
Mbatata "Yanka" - zosiyana kwambiri, osati zowonjezereka. Madzu samadwala, kulekerera nyengo yochepa. Mbatata imakhala yokoma, ndi yabwino kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera. Zokolola zasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, zimatha kugulitsidwa ngakhale miyezi ingapo mutatha kukolola.
Timalangizanso kuti mudzidziwe bwino ndi mitundu ya mbatata yomwe ili ndi mawu osiyana:
Kumapeto kwenikweni | Kuyambira m'mawa oyambirira | Kukula msinkhu |
Melody | Mtsogoleri wakuda | Bellarosa |
Margarita | Nevsky | Timo |
Alladin | Kumasulira | Arosa |
Chilimbikitso | Mbuye wa zotsamba | Spring |
Kukongola | Ramos | Impala |
Milady | Taisiya | Zorachka |
Lemongrass | Lapot | Colette | Grenada | Rodrigo | Lyubava | Mozart | Belmondo | Molly | Sonny | Chiwonetsero Chofiira | Wofiira wofiira |