Makhalidwe onse ndi zizindikiro za kukula kaloti mitundu "Losinoostrovskaya 13"

Zosiyanasiyana "Losinoostrovskaya 13" kaloti ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi olima a ku Russia, komanso ndi wamaluwa ochokera m'mayiko ena.

Ili ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha shuga yokhutira kwambiri, imagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira ndipo ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali m'nyengo yozizira. Kuwonjezera kwa beta keratin kumapindulitsa kopanda pake.

Mitundu imeneyi imakhala yodalirika kwambiri, koma yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwathunthu kapena ngati mbatata yosakaniza ndi timadziti, monga gawo la chakudya cha ana.

Nkhani yathu yokhudzana ndi zodabwitsa zosiyanasiyana za kaloti, komanso kanema yokhudza kukula ndi kusamalira.

Mbiri yobereka

Mitundu yambiri ya kaloti "Losinoostrovskaya 13" inalembedwa mu 1960 ndi asayansi a Federal Research Center ya Zamasamba Zotsamba chifukwa cha kudutsa mitundu yambiri yazinthu. Mu Register Register ya Zomera za Russian Federation akuphatikizidwa pambuyo pa zaka 4, mu 1964.

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

• Nthaŵi yonse yakucha yazuwo imadzizidwa m'nthaka, chifukwa mbali yomwe ili pamwambayo ilibe mtundu wobiriwira.
• Chipatsocho chili ndi beta-carotene.
• Ali ndi lezhkost yabwino.
• Kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tsvetushnosti.
• Yokonzedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mwa mtundu uliwonse.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Zina mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi izi:

• chonchi;
• zokolola zabwino;
• moyo wamtali wautali;
• bwino;
• kukana tsvetushnosti ndi matenda;
• kusowa kwa masamba obiriwira a muzu;
• beta-carotene saturation;
• cholinga cha chilengedwe chonse.

Zoipa za izi zosiyanasiyana siziwululidwa. Ndi zina zowonjezera ku zovuta zosiyanasiyana za "Losinoostrovskaya 13" zikhoza kutengedwa chifukwa cha chikondi chake - tsiku lowala kwambiri ndilofunika kupeza mbewu yaikulu.

Maonekedwe a muzu

Mitundu ya maluwa "Losinoostrovskaya 13" ili ndi mawonekedwe a masentimita 4, 15-18 masentimita m'litali, ndikumapeto kosavuta. Muzu ndi lalanje ndi mizu yambiri yowonongeka ndi yaying'ono, yozungulira kapena yozungulira. Tsabola ndi yopyapyala, yosalala, ndi maso ang'onoang'ono; zamkati ndi zowutsa komanso zokoma.

Nthawi yofesa

Nthanga ndizoyenera kufesa mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja, zosiyana ndi pakati pa nyengo. Ngati mutabzala mbewu pafupi ndi nyengo yozizira, zomwe zingatheke, chifukwa cha chisanu chotsutsana ndi izi, ndiye zodabwitsa zoyambirira kukolola kaloti.

Nyengo yokula ya mizu imafika masiku 80 mpaka 120. Malingana ndi izi, mukhoza kuwerengera nthawi yokolola, nthawi zambiri imagwa pa masabata atatu oyambirira a September.

Ngati karotiyo idabzalidwa m'nthaka m'nyengo yam'nyengo isanayambe, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ikadakula pa mafakitale, ndiye kuti mbewu imakololedwa kale: pakati kapena kumapeto kwa August.

Kumera

Malingana ndi wopanga nyemba amatha kumera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi Mbewu yabwino imamera 90%. Kuonjezera chiwerengerochi ndi kotheka pokonzekera bwino mbewu.

Kulemera kwa mizu

Chiwerengero cholemera cha muzu chimasiyana pakati pa 80-160 g.

Zomera pa hekitala

Zokolola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zazikulu: mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi 380 c / ha, mu nthawi zabwino zitha kufika 760 c / ha.

Cholinga ndi Lezhkost

Kalasi yonse. Kulemera kwa Carotene, shuga wambiri, kukoma ndi juiciness wa zipatso zimapanga karoti zosiyanasiyana "Losinoostrovskaya 13" njira yabwino yoyenera kudya zakudya zopsa, komanso ngati mwana wa puree ndi timadziti. Zokonzedweratu ndizokonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndi kukonzekera. Ali ndi makhalidwe abwino Amatha kusunga malo ozizira, amdima kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu popanda kutaya kwa kukoma ndi kuyang'ana malonda.

Chizindikiro! Kaloti "Losinoostrovskaya 13" ndi othandiza osati kokha kosavuta peeled mawonekedwe, komanso monga mbali ya saladi osiyanasiyana, mbatata yosenda, ndi mchere kwa mbale. Madzi a karoti amakonda kwambiri ana.

Zigawo zikukula

State Register of Plants amalimbikitsa kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'madera otsatirawa a Russia:

• Volgo-Vyatka;
• Kum'mawa;
• Kum'mwera kwa Siberia;
• Kumpoto chakumadzulo;
• North Caucasus;
• Middle Volga;
• Central Black Earth;
• Central.

Inde, zokololazo zidzasiyana malinga ndi dera la kukula. Ku Central Black Earth kapena m'madera a North Caucasus, monga lamulo, zokololazo ndizopambana chifukwa cha malo abwino kwambiri a kaloti: kutentha ndi kuunika.

Malangizo

Karoti - kuwala wokonda masambaChoncho mabedi ayenera kukhala otseguka pansi pa dzuwa. Kukula kovomerezeka mu nyengo yotentha.

Matenda oteteza matenda

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana Losinoostrovskaya 13 imadziwika ndi kukana matenda osiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo kuvunda) ndi kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo.

Kutulutsa

Kuchokera ku maonekedwe a mphukira zoyamba kukolola, pafupifupi, masiku 90-120 amatha.

Zosowa za nthaka

Zidzatheka kukula mbewu yabwino ya Losinostrovskaya 13 mitundu kaloti pa kuwala, lotayirira, kwambiri analima nthaka ndi zabwino ngalande. Malo okongola otchedwa loamy kapena mchenga. Kukula kaloti m'nthaka zomwe zamasamba zamasamba, monga kabichi, mbatata, anyezi, nkhaka kapena tomato, zidzakhudza ubwino wa mbewu.

Frost kukana

Kalasiyo imadziwika ndi mkulu wa chisanu kukana.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

1. Losinoostrovskaya 13 wakula pamalo abwino, popanda kumeta.
2. Mbewu ikulimbikitsidwa kuti idzabzalidwe kuyambira nthawi ya April mpaka May.
3. Musati muike mbewu mu nthaka yakuya kuposa 2 cm, kusunga mtunda wokwanira (pafupi masentimita 5) pakati pawo. Mizere ilipo 25-30 cm pambali.
4. Pambuyo pooneka mphukira zoyamba, nkofunika kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse, kupalira ndi kupukuta mphukira. Komanso kalasi ikusowa kuthirira moyenera komanso kuvala pamwamba. Kupukuta zipatso kumapangitsa kuti zipatso zazikulu ndi zokolola zazikulu zikhalepo.
5. Kamodzi pa sabata kapena osachepera, malingana ndi nyengo, m'pofunika kuchita madzi okwanira kaloti.
6. Mavitamini opangira mavitamini ndi opindulitsa ku zosiyanasiyana, monga calcium ndi potaziyamu. Musameretse nthaka mwatsopano humus, mwinamwake mizu ikhoza nthambi.

Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako

Kukolola kwa zipatso zomwe mbewu zomwe zafesedwa mu kasupe zimapangidwa musanakhale chisanu choyamba. Kaloti obzalidwa nthawi yoyamba kubzala amakololedwa kale.

Mutatha msonkhano, Mbewu zazuzi zimatumizidwa kukasungirako pamalo ozizira, osasunthika. Muzokonzedwa bwino, kaloti zidzasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali: miyezi 4-6 pa kutentha kwa 0 mpaka + 1 ° C ndi 98% zokhudzana ndi chinyezi kapena miyezi 2-3 kutentha kwa 2 ... + 5 ° C.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mitundu yambiri ya kaloti imakhala yovuta ku matenda ndi kuwonongeka ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiira pa zipatso ndi matenda (matendawa amatchedwa "fomoz"), kuvunda, kuwonongeka kwa rhizoctoniosis ndi bacteriosis.

Pofuna kuteteza matenda a fomozom, m'pofunikira kutentha mbewu musanadzalemo. iwo mu nthaka. Manyowa amchere omwe ali ndi potaziyamu amamenyana bwino ndi mabakiteriya ndipo amatha kuteteza kaloti ku matendawa. Komanso, potaziyamu imaphatikizapo kwambiri kuthana ndi zoyera zowola.

Kukula ndi mavuto

Pamene mukukula mitundu ya karoti "Losinoostrovskaya 13" wamaluwa angathe kuthana ndi mavuto awa:

• Kusintha mawonekedwe a chipatso, kumabweretsa mavuto pakusungirako ndi kuyeretsa. Izi zimayendetsedwa ndi nthaka yosasankhidwa (nthaka yowuma ndi mkulu wa dothi, miyala ya nthaka), feteleza atsopano humus. Kuti mupewe mavuto, muyenera kutsatira malamulo okonzekera nthaka yobzala mbewu ndi feteleza ndi feteleza mchere.
• Kusagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za kupatulira mbewu, komanso kubzala kwapafupi, kukhoza kukolola zipatso zochepa.
• Nthambi ya nthambi imayambira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mizu pachiyambi cha kulima. Pofuna kupewa vutoli, mutha kutsatira nthawi yovomerezeka ya mbeu ndipo nthawi yomweyo muzisakaniza nthaka.
• Manyowa osankhidwa osasankhidwa angapangitse kukula kwakukulu kwa masamba komanso kutaya zipatso za chipatso.

Mitundu yofanana

• Kalasi "Vitamini 6": ali ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika, ofiira ngati a silinda, pith yaing'ono ndi mtundu wokongola wa lalanje. Nthawi yakucha, zipatsozo zimamizidwa kwambiri m'nthaka.
• Kalasi "Nantes 4": zipatso zazikulu zowonjezera, zolemera mu beta-carotene. Amakhala ndi moyo wotalika kwambiri kutsogolo kwa mtundu ndipo amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
• Zosiyanasiyana "Praline": lalikulu, yaitali, yowala zipatso za lalanje ndi mkulu wa beta-carotene.
• Kalasi "Msuzi Wosamba": Komanso mizu yayitali, yayikulu ndi yaying'ono komanso yosalala khungu; olemera mu beta carotene.
• Zosiyanasiyana "Helzmaster": Zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi zimadziwika ndi zakuthambo za beta-carotene.

Kaloti zosiyanasiyana "Losinoostrovskaya 13" odzichepetsa ndi osavuta kukula ndi kusamalira, chifukwa adayamba chikondi ndi ambiri wamaluwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ili ndi katundu wothandiza kwambiri komanso kukoma kwake. Kutsata ndi malingaliro osavuta pa kulima karoti osiyanasiyana kudzapatsa mbewu yayikulu ya zokoma, yowutsa mudyo, zipatso zazikulu.