N'chifukwa chiyani kaloti amafalikira? Zithunzi ndi oyang'anira wamaluwa, zomwe mungachite kuti musunge mbewu

Kaloti ndi okoma kwa kukoma ndi zowononga mizu ya masamba yomwe imakula pafupifupi munda uliwonse. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana, choncho zimakula pafupifupi kulikonse.

Koma pali vuto lalikulu pakati pa wamaluwa - uwu ndi maluwa a zamasamba m'chaka choyamba cha kukula. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo ndi mphamvu za zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kukula kwa mivi kumabweretsa njira zosasinthika zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbeu. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake maluwawo akuwoneka mu kaloti ndikuwonetsera mu chithunzi momwe akuwonekera.

Malongosoledwe a zomera

• Fomu ya Inflorescence: Ч5- ОЛ5Т5П2.
• Maluwawo ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, oyera, ang'onoang'ono, mpaka 2-3 mm, omwe amakhala ndi mapaundi asanu, ofanana ndi mtima wolimba, ali pa cholandira chaching'ono.
• Pistil ndi stamens ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, zimakhala zochepa, zowonjezereka.
• Mafinya ndi ochepa, osapitirira pamtunda.
• Maluwa amapangidwa mu inflorescences a 12-15 zidutswa.

Kuwonekera kwa inflorescences, chithunzi

Kunja, muzu wa maluwa umawoneka ngati ambulera ndi masentimita 15-20. Mazira a ambulera ndi ovuta kwambiri, omwe amawonekera pa nthawi ya maluwa, ndipo zipatso zimagwirizanitsidwa palimodzi. Maluwawo ndi oyera, makamaka aakulu (12-15 cm), ali ndi 50 inflorescences.

Mukamayang'anitsitsa, mukhoza kuona maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera omwe ali ndi mano osaoneka bwino, makapu okhala ndi mawanga oyera, achikasu kapena pinki.

Maluwa ofiira a mdima amawoneka pakati pa ambulera.. Choyamba pachimake inflorescence, ndiye pang'onopang'ono kutaya zonse.

Nchifukwa chiyani izi ndizovuta kwa wamaluwa?

Kaloti ndi masamba a biennial. Chaka choyamba chimabweretsa zipatso zomwe zingadye. M'chiwiri, zimayambira ndi masamba zimakula kuchokera ku mizu. Koma zimachitika kuti pofesa m'nyengo yozizira m'chaka choyamba mmalo mwake muzu umakula. Pankhaniyi, chomeracho chimakhala chosatheka.

Maluwa kaloti amadandaula alimi omwe amayembekeza kupeza zokolola zambiri. A mukamayamwa, pali kukula kwambiri kwa mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu iwonongeke. Sizimapanga ndipo sichikukula, zimakhazikika, zowuma komanso zosayenera. Mphamvu zonse, zakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokakamiza muvi, osati pa chitukuko cha mizu.

Kodi ndi liti?

Zomwe zimayambitsa maluwa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuswa kwa katswiri wamakono:

1. Maola otentha a masana - maola ochepera 10 pa tsiku. Usiku, zomera zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a peduncles.
2. Mvula yoziziritsa imathandizira kuti m'chaka choyamba, m'malo mwa zipatso zazikulu, maluwa mivi imawonekera m'munda wa m'munda.
3. Malo osasinthika.
4. Mbewu za khalidwe losauka, lomwe linayambira chifukwa cha kuyendetsa mungu kwa kufesa kaloti ndi zilombo.
5. Vernalization ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali pa kubzala zinthu zazitali zotentha (kuyambira 0 mpaka madigiri 4). Zotsatira zake, pali kusokonezeka kwa metabolism mu mbewu, zomwe zimachititsa kusintha kwa masamba kuchoka ku vegetative mpaka kukula. Chikhalidwe cha masamba chimasandulika kukongoletsera. Pakati pa nyengo, nyengo yozizira imalowa kaloti kwa chaka choyamba cha kukula kwa nyengo, ndipo kutentha kumamveka bwino ngati chaka chachiwiri, kotero zomera zimayamba pachimake.
6. Kuwopsa kwa mbeu yobzala ndi kuperewera kosauka.
7. Kutha kapena kutaya chinyezi m'nthaka pa kutentha.
8. Frost pa nthawi yofesa.
9. Nthaka yobiriwira kwambiri.

Tikaganizira zifukwa zonse zomwe mbewu ya masamba imachokera, nkofunika kuthetsa mwamsanga zinthu zosasangalatsa.

Kodi mungamvetsetse bwanji kuti mizu imapita kumsana?

Patapita nthawi, ambulera yobiriwira yawonekera pamwamba. Panthawi ya maluwa, ambulera imatsegukira ndipo masamba ang'onoang'ono amawonekerayomwe kenako imakhala maluwa okongola.

Zimene mungachite ku karoti sizinayende mu mtundu - sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo

Pofuna kupewa mawonekedwe a peduncles pa chiwembu, nkofunikira kutsatira malangizo ena:

1. Mukamagula mbewu muzisankha mitundu yolimbana ndi strelkovuyu. Izi zimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yopatsa mphamvu monga "Vitamini", "Canning", "Nantes 4", "Incomparable", "Cold-Resistant19".
2. Sankhani bedi lofesa, poganizira zotsatila za kusinthasintha kwa mbeu: Okonzekera bwino pa kaloti ndi kabichi, tomato, nkhaka, mbatata.
3. Kuchita podzimniy kufesa mu nthaka yozizira, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa otentha kufika +5 digiri. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kwatsika, mabedi ayenera kumangidwa ndi zojambulazo.
4. Bzalani mbewu zazitsamba ndi mipando yazitali kuti zikhale zosavuta kusamalira mzere wa mzere.
5. Kuti pakhale mphukira, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala kuphulika kwa mbewu.
6. Madzi nthawi zonse komanso mochuluka, osati tsiku lililonse m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Pokonza kukwera muyenera kuganizira zimenezo "Anthu oyandikana nawo" kuti akhale ndi mizu yathanzi adzakhala zikhalidwe monga:

• saladi;
• radish;
• adyo;
• nyemba.

Oyandikana nawo ndi parsley, horseradish, beets, udzu winawake wasungidwa bwino.

Nthaka pansi pa karoti sayenera kukhala stony ndi wandiweyani. Asanafese ayenera kukumba ndi kumasula mosamala. Mbewu zimabereka bwino pa dothi la mchenga ndi michere yosalekerera, yodzaza ndi feteleza ndi feteleza, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 2-3 musanafese.

Kuwonjezera feteleza ndi kutsogolera kawirikawiri kudyetsa kukula kwa mizu ndi markman.

Pofesa, mbewu zazikulu zogwiritsa ntchito alumali moyo wosapitirira zaka 2 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

1. Choyamba, amafufuzidwa kuti amere.
2. Kenaka amakonzedwa ndi ofooka njira yankho ya manganese kapena ankaviviika m'madzi.
3. Komanso amadzimadzimadzimadzimadzi (njira ya mullein, peat, humus).
4. Pofesa pabedi, grooves zimakonzedweratu pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mbewu yaikidwa mozama kwambiri kuposa 2 cm mu nthaka yosungunuka bwino.
5. Ndibwino kuti mupitirize kukhala ndi dothi labwino kwambiri kuti mupange malo abwino kwambiri kuti mbeu ikumera. Pochita izi, bedi pambuyo pa kuthirira koyamba nthawi zambiri limaphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki.
6. Masamba 3-4 oyambirira atangoyamba, chakudya choyamba chowonjezera chimaperekedwa ndi njira ya ammonium nitrate. Kupanga njira yachiwiri ndi yachitatu, zovala za superphosphate zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
7. Chofunika chokhalira kukula kwa kaloti, komanso m'tsogolo kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, m'pofunikira kuchepetsa mbewuzo ndipo nthawi zonse mutsegule mzerewu, makamaka pambuyo pa mvula iliyonse.
8. Pa mvula yambiri imalimbikitsidwa kubisa mabedi kuti asapezeke.
9. Kupukuta kumachitika 3-4 nthawi yowonjezera nyengo.

Popeza kaloti ndi masamba omwe ali ndi zaka ziwiri zikukula, maonekedwe a peduncles m'chaka chachiwiri mutatha kufesa amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino. Ndi mbewu zomwe zinavundula m'chaka chachiwiri zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zingabereke zipatso zazikulu ndi zokolola zabwino. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene mukukula kaloti kwa mbewu.

Kuti zakudya zamasamba ndi zouma zizikhala pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku za banja lonse, nkofunikira, pokonzekera kufesa, kulingalira zifukwa zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa chifukwa chake kaloti imapanga mtundu. Tsatirani malangizo onse ndi malangizo kuti muteteze maonekedwe a maambulera oyera pamunda. Ndiyeno kukolola kolemera ndipamwamba kudzasangalatsa mwini wake.