Bowa wamkaka ndi bowa zomwe zimakonda kwambiri pakati pa gourmets. Nkhalango, yomwe ili ndi bowa la mkaka, ndiwowona weniweni kwa osankha bowa. Ngakhale kuti amatchuka, a Gordians amabisala m'maso mwa anthu ndipo amabisala pansi pa masamba pafupi ndi ziphuphu ndi zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, pofufuza mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zanga, ndibwino kutenga ndodo ndi inu kuti mukafufuze malo onse omwe bowa amatha kukula. Black Milk ndi mankhwala otchuka pakuphika, nkhaniyi ikukuuzani za maphikidwe otchuka kwambiri pokonzekera, momwe bowa amayendera, mitundu yawo.
Mukudziwa? Mkaka wakhala wotchuka kuyambira nthawi ya Kievan Rus. Kuganizira mmene mildee imakulira, makolo athu Kalekale iwo amatchedwa "mulu" kapena "mulu". Bowawa sichimakula palokha, koma m'magulu amodzi.
Chowoneka ngati gruzd: kufotokozera mitundu yambiri ya bowa
Nkhungu zakuda ndi bowa zomwe amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito mowa, koma kwa omwe sadziwa bwino mtundu uwu, tidzatha kufotokoza: kachilomboka ndi woimira banja la Russula, mtundu wa larch. Tsopano pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya mtundu wa mildew, yomwe imaphunziridwa bwino ndipo imafotokozedwa - zina zimatha kudyedwa, zina zimaonedwa ngati zimadya.
Mlomo wakuda
Black gruzd imatengedwa kuti imakhala ndi zakudya zokhazokha zomwe zili m'gulu lachiwiri. Leg gruzdya pafupifupi 6-8 cm mu msinkhu ndi 2-3 masentimita. Kapu ikhoza kukhala yaikulu mpaka masentimita 15. Chipewa - choyimira chingwe, chitakulungidwa pang'ono. Kapu yamadambo imatha kuphimbidwa ndi filimu yothandizira malingana ndi nkhalango zomwe zimakula - zimangodalira mtundu wa chinyezi. Mtundu umasiyana, mithunzi imasiyanasiyana ndi azitona yakuda ku bulauni zakuya. 
Ndikofunikira! Pakatikati mwa kapu, mtunduwo uli wooneka wakuda kuposa pamphepete.Monga mtundu wonse wa banja la Mlechnikov, misa imadzazidwa ndi madzi a lacteal, ndipo mawonekedwe a ziphuphu ndizoti zikhoza kutha mosavuta. Nthaŵi zambiri, malo omwe nkhungu zakuda zimamera ndi minda ya cuttings, birch ndi alder, misewu yaing'ono yamidzi, madera ndi madera a nkhalango. Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mkaka wakuda mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Mofanana, wakuda gruzd amatchedwa "gypsy" kapena bowa chernushka, ndipo ku Poland iwo amawoneka kuti ndi amphavu. Komabe, wakuda wakuda ndi wokongola kwa pickling ndipo akhoza kusunga kukoma kwake kwa nthawi yaitali - mpaka zaka zitatu.
Chifundo choyera
White gruzd - imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya bowa. Anthu osankha amathawa amatcha "kuthira madzi" kapena "yaiwisi sink". Tsopano tiyeni tikuuzeni za momwe amamera amkaka amamera komanso amamera: amamera m'mitengo ya birch, amapanga mycorrhiza ndi mitengo, ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala okonzeka. Kawirikawiri nkhunguzi zimapezeka kumadera akumadzulo a Siberia, m'matawuni, m'dera la Volga. Akafunsidwa za nyemba zoyera, yankho lake ndi lakuti: Fruiting nthawi ya bowa imayambira kumayambiriro kwa August (nthawizina amapezeka kumapeto kwa July) ndipo imatha mu September. Ndi bwino kusankha bowa pakati pa nthawiyi, ndiye kuti ali ndi kukoma kwake. 
Pakula msinkhu, chipewa choyera chimakula mpaka masentimita 20, ndipo mwendo umakula mpaka masentimita 7. Nkhumba za bowa ndizowonongeka, ndipo zikadula, imatulutsa fungo lopweteka. Kuoneka kwa woyera kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi ma larynxes onse: kapu imakhala yoyera ndi mawanga achikasu, kapu imakhala yovuta, nthawi zambiri masamba kapena zidutswa za nthambi zimasiyidwa.
Mukudziwa? Mukawona malo otentha pamtunda woyera, ndi bwino kukana, chifukwa bowawu watha kale.
Mulu wa Pepper (weniweni)
Bowa wa pepper ndi bowa omwe nthawi zambiri amamera m'nkhalango zazikulu, koma nthawi zina amapezeka mu coniferous plantings. Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa bowa uwu kuyambira June mpaka September. Kufotokozera za tsabola: mwendo wa masentimita 7, kutalika kwa kapu kumachoka pa masentimita 7 mpaka 20. Mmene kapu imasinthira malingana ndi kukula kwa bowa: pamene bowa ali wamng'ono, kapu imakhala yozungulira, kenako imakhala yozungulira. Chipewacho ndi choyera, kenako chimadzazidwa ndi ma chikasu, a bulauni ndi a imvi. Msuzi wa pepper amachititsa kukayikira za kuyenerera kwake kwa anthu: ena amanena kuti ndi zakudya zokhazokha, ena amanena kuti sangadye, akunena kuti zamkati zimapatsa kukoma kwa tsabola. 
Ndikofunikira! Ndi zophweka kusokoneza tsabola tsabola ndi chouma, koma pali kusiyana pakati pawo: miyendo ya tsabola ndi yamtunda ndipo madzi amadzi ndi ochuluka kwambiri.Ngakhale kuti pali vuto lonse, peppermint imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipatala: zake zotsutsana ndi khansa pa thupi zatsimikiziridwa kale, komanso zotsutsana ndi fungal katundu. Ku China, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupumula minofu.
Bum wachikasu
Chikasu ndi woimira gulu la Syroezhkov, mtundu wa lactifolia, wa banja la Agaricomycetes. Chipewa chachikasu chafika pamtunda wa masentimita 15, chimasintha mawonekedwe pa kukula - choyamba chipewa chimakhala ndi pakati, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi chimakhala chopsinjika, chowombera m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Mtundu wa bowa ukhoza kukhala wachikasu kapena wachikasu. Pakati pa chinyezi chapamwamba mumapangidwe otchedwa mucous plaque amapangidwa. Msola wamphongo umakula mpaka masentimita 6 mu msinkhu ndi masentimita 4 m'mimba mwake. Miyendo yamoto - yotumbululuka chikasu, ndi mabala a bulauni. Pafupi ndi mizu, iyo imachepa. Bowa ndi a bowa omwe amapezeka moyenera. Ambiri omwe amafalitsidwa ku Siberia ndi Central Russia. Nthawi yabwino yosonkhanitsa mitunduyi ndi nthawi kuyambira mu August mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba. 
Mukudziwa? Miyezo yofiira imakhala yosiyana ndi mafunde achikasu, koma izi ndi mitundu yofanana, yomwe ili ndi dzina losiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana.
Dulani nkhuni (poplar)
Kukhalanso namsongole (Lactarius controversus) mofanana amatchedwa "njenjete". Ndizochokera ku bowa zomwe zimakhala bwino chifukwa chakuti zamkati zimakhala ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri ndipo zimatulutsa fungo lofewa. Dzinali limatanthawuza lingaliro la kumene zomerazi zikukula: nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu poplar kapena m'nkhalango ya aspen. Kuphuka khungwa ndi kukula kwake, kapu yake imatha kufika masentimita 30. Kupanga nkhuni nthawi zambiri kumasokonezeka ndi whitefish, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo: tsitsi la kapu silikudziwika. Mtundu wa kapu ndi woyera maluwa, nthawi zina ndi utoto wachikasu, wokongoletsedwa ndi ma pinki otumbululuka. Chosavuta cha mtundu uwu ndi dothi pa kapu ya bowa, yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera nthawi yomwe bowayi inakhazikitsidwa pansi. 
Ndikofunikira! Kupaka nkhuni ndi kokwanira kwa salting ndipo palibe njira yogwiritsira ntchito kuyanika.
Kumene kumakula gruzd: zinthu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa
Tsopano, pamene tidziwa kale za maonekedwe a bowa ndi mitundu yawo, tiyeni tiyankhule za m'mene tingawafunire komanso momwe tingawachezerere. Msonkhano wa Gruzdy ukuyamba mu August - ndiye weniweniwo ukuwonekera. Kaŵirikaŵiri amapezeka m'nkhalango ya pine-birch, m'nkhalango zakuda, nthawi zina mu coniferous plantings ndi pamapiri otsetsereka. Bowa wamkaka ndi bowa lalikulu, ndipo, powona kuti amakula m'magulu, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa dengu la bowa pamtambo umodzi.
Ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa bowa pambuyo pa mvula yabwino, yotchedwa "bowa". Kenaka amatenga bowa zazikulu-tokha - zidzasungidwa nthawi yaitali, koma bowa loposa likhoza kukhala ndi mphutsi. Mutatha kuthira mvula, sikuvomerezedwa kuti mutenge bowa, chifukwa zimachepa mofulumira. Ndikoyenera kusonkhanitsa bowa, mosamala mosamala mwendo pafupi ndi nthaka, osati kuchoka panjira iliyonse. Sikoyenera kuika bowa mkaka molimba, kotero kuti pali malo pakati pa bowa, chifukwa ngati muwaphwanya, akhoza kuonongeka.
Mukudziwa? Ena osankha bowa, akamagwiritsa ntchito bowa, amadalira kununkhira, kuwonetsa malo a bowa ndi kusakaniza kwa bowa, zipatso ndi horseradish kapena tsabola.Kawirikawiri mukufuna kusunga bowa atsopano pa tsamba lanu, ndipo pazitukuko za okolola bowa pali mafunso ovuta chifukwa chotheka kukula mowa amchere kunyumba. Zoterezi, n'zotheka kuchita izi, ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa muluwu umakula mofanana ndi mtengo, kupanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa mycelium imapezeka mizu ya mitengo. Kuonjezerapo, bowa "amamangiriridwa" ndi mitundu ina ya mitengo, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukulitsa iwo kunyumba.
Maphikidwe ophikira mapiritsi: salting, Frying, pickling
Black tiyi ali m'malo okoma kwambiri, choncho ophika apanga ambiri maphikidwe pokonzekera bowa. Komabe, kukonzekera kwakumwa kwa mkaka kumafuna nthawi yochulukirapo, chifukwa, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa madzi a mandimu mumapangidwe awo, amafunika kuthiridwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Bowa wamkaka kawirikawiri amathira mchere, asungunuka, komanso omwe safuna kudikirira m'nyengo yozizira kuti adye bowa, amawathamangitsa pambuyo pokolola.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yabwino yokolola mkaka ndi mkaka, chifukwa apa bowa amatha kutentha.Njira iliyonse yomwe mukuphika mumasankha, choyamba muyenera kuyamwa ma bowa masiku atatu, kusintha madzi nthawi zonse. Kwa salting, ndi bwino kusankha galasi, ceramic kapena nsalu yotchinga popanda ming'alu kapena dzimbiri, popanda kutsekera mwamphamvu kuti muteteze chiopsezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu mbale.
Chinsinsi chodziwika bwino cha salting nsomba ndi izi: Mufunikira bowa 5 makilogalamu ndi makapu 2 a mchere, mumasowa chitumbuwa kapena masamba a currant, katsabola opanda maambulera, ma clove ochepa a adyo. Mavitamini a mkaka amafunika kutsukidwa, kuthiridwa ndi kutsukidwa bwino. Ikani bowa mu supu yaikulu ndikuphimba ndi madzi ozizira, kuphimba ndi chivindikiro. Pamwamba pake ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa "wothandizira", chifukwa banki yodzaza madzi idzakhala yabwino. Kukhala ndi bowa kumalo ozizira, kusintha madzi kangapo patsiku. Pambuyo masiku atatu, bowa ayenera kuchipeza. Bowa lirilonse limapukutidwa ndi mchere ndipo limayikidwa m'magawo, kusinthanitsa ndi adyo ndi horseradish, mbale zopota. Bowa wonyezimira amavala ndifupi, pamtunda wa masambawo amaika masamba a horseradish, currants ndi yamatcheri. Bowa ali pansi pa goli la mwezi kumalo ozizira. Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti bowa sizolumikiza, ndikutsanulira brine. Patatha mwezi umodzi, amafalikira m'mabanki oyambirira ndipo amaphimba ndi chivindikiro. Ponena za kusamba, apa mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito vinyo wosasa ndi mchere pa kukonzekera kwa brine, komanso kuwonjezera zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana. Njira yofala kwambiri yosankha ndi pickling ndi adyo, tsabola, vinyo wosasa ndi bay leaf, ndi cloves akhoza kuwonjezeranso. Ndondomeko yopanga bowa ngati imeneyi ndi yosavuta: kuyera, zilowerere ndi kutsuka bowa. Valani moto ndi kubweretsa kwa chithupsa. Bowa ayenera kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 10. Pakuphika, muyenera kuchotsa chithovu nthawi zonse kuchokera ku bowa, kumapeto kwa kuphika - kuponyera bowa mmbuyo pa sieve ndi kutsuka pansi pa madzi. Marinade ali okonzedwa motere: 2 kg ya salimoni iwe udzafunikira madzi okwanira 1, 2 tbsp. l mchere ndi zonunkhira kuti mulawe. Zosakaniza zonse - zonse zamadzi ndi zouma - sakanizani ndi kuwiritsa kwa mphindi khumi mutatha kutentha. Garlic ndi masamba a currant amaikidwa pansi pa mtsuko, katsabola, pamwamba, bowa sizowuma kwambiri, kutsanulira marinade mpaka pamtingo ndikuwonjezera 1 tsp ya viniga wosasa pa 9 mtsuko uliwonse.
Ndibwino kuti mutseke zitini ndi zivindikiro zophikidwa m'madzi ndi kuzikulunga ndi bulangeti ofunda musanayambe kuzizira. Sungani bowa losungunuka bwino pamalo otukuka, othuthuka.
Kusaka Mowa - Nthawi zonse zimakhala zautali, ndipo makinawa amawotchera masiku awiri. Kwa masiku awiri bowawo amathiridwa, kenako amaphika nthawi ziwiri, otentha ndi otentha madzi otentha kwa mphindi zisanu. Bowa wokonzedwa ayenera kudula bwino (ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makapu) ndikuyika mu poto popanda mafuta, chivundikiro ndi mphodza kwa mphindi 10. Madzi, omwe amapereka bowa, muyenera kukhetsa. Bowa amawonjezeredwa ndi mafuta a masamba, adyo ndi parsley ndi yokazinga mpaka golide wagolide.
Kusonkhanitsa bowa nthawi zonse ndi chinthu chosangalatsa, koma panthawi yosonkhanitsa vinyo wa mkaka mumatha kumverera ngati wothandizira weniweni akuwafuna iwo mu milu ya masamba. Kuonjezera apo, ndizowonjezera ku tebulo.
