Guzmania: kubzala mbewu ndikuwasamalira kunyumba

Ogulitsa maluwa akupitilirabe ndi chidwi chofuna kusintha mbewu zambiri kuchokera kumadera otentha kupita kumayiko ena aku Russia. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi maluwa omwe ali ndi masamba ofiira pamutu pake otchedwa guzmania (matchulidwe "gusmania" sawoneka wamba).

Ichi ndi chomera chokongola ndi masamba osangalatsa. Amasonkhanitsidwa "gulu" m'munsi woyambira. Pakatikati pa rosette imeneyi pali inflescence yooneka ngati mawonekedwe.

Zosiyanasiyana

Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, alimi a maluwa ndi okonda maluwa osavuta azitha kusankha momwe angasankhire:

Guzmania

2. Guzmania bango (Guzmania lingulata). Imapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nyumba. Chimodzi mwa zinthuzo ndi nthawi yomwe duwa likukonzekera maluwa, masamba ake amasintha mthunzi, amakhala odekha. Pakadali pano, maluwa ang'onoang'ono amayamba kupanga masamba obisika. Zikatsegulidwa kwathunthu, zimachulukana kukula, mabataniwo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira, masamba ake amatembenukira chikasu. Kukongoletsa chitsamba chamaluwa kumatha kupitilira milungu 12 mpaka 20.
3. Guzmania Ostara. Maganizo ake adakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yolimba ya obereketsa. Mphukira yosangalatsa imatikumbutsa za kasupe woyenda wopezeka pakati penipeni ya masamba. Tsamba lonyezimira limakhala ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino wobiriwira. Kukongoletsa kwa mtengowo kumatha kupitilira miyezi 6.
4. Magazi ofiira a Guzmania (Guzmania sanguinea). Woyimira chidwi pakati pa mitundu ya guzmania. Chizindikiro cha mbewuyi ndi mtundu wa mab Brices: kuchokera pofiirira mpaka pinki, komanso kuchokera kubiriwira mpaka palembali. Guzmania iyi ikuyamba kuphuka mu Epulo, ndipo imatha ndikutuluka kwa nthawi yophukira.
5. Guzmania mosaic (Guzmania musaica). Mtunduwu uli ndi masamba owondera (oyimira ena ali ndi masamba owonda), omwe mikwingwirima imawoneka bwino. Pamwamba pa peduncle, 1 bud imatseguka. Kutalika kwa phesi kwamaluwa kumatha kukhala 80cm mpaka 100. Mutha kubzala dimba ili m'nthaka iliyonse, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kudzaza chomera mukachokapo.
   

   Guzmania bango
6. Guzmania Conifer (Guzmania conifera). Chungwa chowoneka ngati chitsulo chofiira kapena tenti ya lalanje pamunsi, ndikupeza kamvekedwe ka chikasu cha pamwamba. Konifera ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imalimidwa m'nyumba zachi Russia.
7. Guzmania Nicaraguan (Guzmania Nicaraguensis). Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotsika ya guzmania. Duwa lamkati lomwe lili ndi duwa loumbika bwino. Pakatikati pake pali peduncle wotsika wokhala ndi inflorescence yowoneka bwino.

Pakati pa mitundu yonse, ndi bango lofanana guzmania. Ogulitsa maluwa amakonda kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi kunyumba. Zotchuka kwambiri masiku ano ndi:

• Sakanizani - masamba amatha kukhala ndi kamvekedwe kosiyana (kuchokera kufiyira mpaka pinki ndi chikasu);
• Wamng'ono - ali ndi masamba ofiira;
• Tempo ndiwosakanizidwa wofanana ndi Wamng'ono, koma maluwa ndi okulirapo.

Kusamalira Panyumba

Guzmania sikuti ikufunikira kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe ena akukula ayenera kukumbukiridwa, makamaka ngati akukonzekera kufalitsa mbewuyo.

Kutentha kokwanira bwino

M'chipinda chomwe duwa limamera, liyenera kukhala lotentha nthawi zonse. Amamva bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa madigiri 22 mpaka 28. Choyipa pang'ono, koma chovomerezeka kwa mtengowo kutentha chikutsikira mpaka madigiri 18.

Ana a Guzmania

Guzmania imakhudzidwa kwambiri kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kutentha kwa boma ndipo imayamba kuonetsa kusakhazikika m'njira iliyonse yomwe ingatheke.

Kuwala

Mchipinda chomwe guzmania imakulira, iyenera kukhala yopepuka. Itha kuyikidwa pawindo kapena pamalo pomwe imawalako kwambiri, koma kulibe dzuwa. Dzuwa lowala limatha kuvulaza maluwa ndi masamba a mbewu. Komanso, kutentha kwa dzuwa kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe mbewuyo imavutika kwambiri. Guzmania imabwezeretseka pambuyo kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali.

Feteleza ndi kuphatikiza manyowa

M'masitolo, mutha kugula zosakaniza zopangidwa mwakapangidwe kake komanso kavalidwe kapamwamba ka Bromeliad. Ngati izi sizinapezeke, ndikofunikira kusankha zomwe sizili ndi boron ndi mkuwa - zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa mbewuyo. Mukadyetsa maluwa, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa theka lomwe limalimbikitsa phukusi.

Njira za guzmania

Izi ndichifukwa choti guzmania imakonda kudya, ngati mungawonjezere zochuluka, imatha kuleka kupanga ana, zingayambenso kutaya kwa inflorescence ndi masamba owonda.

Nthaka ndi zosakaniza za dothi

Dothi la guzmania liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuyenda bwino. Iyenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ndikuwonjezera chosanjikiza chapamwamba. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingapangidwe ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi intaneti, koma zotsatirazi ndizoyenera chomera:

• sphagnum mizu (nthaka) ndi kuwonjezera fern (1 mpaka 3 chiŵerengero);
• sphagnum, khungwa lobzala mbewu, mchenga, dothi lamasamba (chiyerekezo 1: 2: 1: 2);
• sodium malasha, peat, mchenga, nthaka (makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito sod-dongo), (chiyerekezo: 2: 2: 1: 1);
• peat, humus, mchenga, malo a turf (chiyerekezo 4: 2: 1: 2).

Malamulo Othirira

Kuthirira mbewu kumafunika kokha ndi madzi ofunda, pomwe ayenera kusefedwa (popanda laimu). Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka. Kutengera kusankha kwa gawo lapansi, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumakhazikitsidwa. Ngati zosakanikazo zimapangidwa pamaziko a peat, utuchi kapena zopangira, madzi amayenera kukhala katatu pa sabata. Ngati malo a guzmania adapangidwa pamtunda wamchenga, kuchulukana kungachuluke. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuthirira guzmania - 1 nthawi patsiku.

Malamulo Akani Zomera

Kuyika kwa Guzmania ndikofunikira pakugula. Ndikofunikira kusintha gawo lapansi kunyumba, komanso mphika.

Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kuchita masitepe ndi sitepe kuti pambuyo pake pasakhale zovuta kusiya:

1. Pansi pa mphikawo, madziwo amadzaza.
2. Gawo la gawo lapansi latsanuliridwa pamwamba pake.
3. Chomera chimayikidwa mumphika.
4. Kumawaza ndi dothi lotsalira komanso lophatikizika.
5. Imathiridwa ndimadzi ofunda.
6. Chovala chamaluwa chimayikidwa m'malo okhazikika.

Mukakulitsa maluwa, zovuta zina zimatha kubuka - matenda. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku chakuti osamalira maluwa osadziwa sakudziwa kuyika guzmania moyenera kunyumba. Osatengera malingaliro a kuthirira, komwe kumapangitsa kuti chinyezi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu.

Kupatsira Guzmania

Pazifukwa izi, mbewuyo imasiya kutulutsa, mtundu wa tsamba la masamba umasinthanso, komanso samachulukana. Zotsatira zake, ngati simuchita kanthu, duwa limamwalira. Kubwezeretsa chomera cha guzmania, kudziwitsira mumphika watsopano ndi nthaka yatsopano ndiye njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli.

Kuika kulikonse kumachitika bwino mchaka, mutha kuchita izi mu nyengo ina, ngati kuli kofunikira.

Maluwa otentha otentha

Kutengera mtundu ndi mitundu, guzmania imayamba kubzala masamba zaka 3-6 mutabzala. Kutalika kwa maluwa kuchokera ku mwezi umodzi mpaka miyezi ingapo.

Kuti muchepetse kuoneka kwa masamba oyamba, mutha kusintha zanzeru zina. M'dothi momwe duwa limamera, ikani chidutswa cha apulo, kenako ndikuphimba ndi filimu. Pakapita kanthawi, mbewuyo imayamba kupanga milu yamaluwa ndi masamba. Ndikofunikira kuwona kagawo ka apulo ndi polyethylene kuti nkhungu isakhalepo.

Njira zodziwika bwino za kubereka

Kwenikweni, chomera chimafalikira mwa magawano, komanso chitha kufalitsa maluwa ndi mbewu. Momwe mungabzala guzmania akufotokozedwa mu gawo la "Kufalikira kwa mphukira".

Guzmania muzu zowola

Mbewu

Sikuti aliyense zinthu zimamuyendera bwino kutola mbewu paokha, chifukwa chake, pothetsa funso: momwe mungafalitsire guzmania pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu, muyenera kuyang'ana mbewu m'misika.

Mbewu zofesedwa m'mabokosi m'nthaka ya peat. Pamwamba pa gawo lapansi papopedwapo madzi ndi madzi ofunda.

Kuswana kwa Guzmania

Kuti zikamera mbande, ndikofunikira kuyika chidebe ndi mbeu mchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 18 mpaka 24 degrees.

Scions

Njira zake zimalekanitsidwa ndi chomera chachikulu chisanakhale maluwa, ziyenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm. Pakapita kanthawi, zimadzakhala mbewu zazing'ono, ngati sizinabzalidwe munthawi yake - mapangidwe ake amatha kuwonekera pa maluwa.

Malamulo osavuta osamala amakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule chomera chokongola, komanso kusunga kukongoletsa kwa duwa kufikira itakhala ndi nthawi yophuka. Zambiri mwazomwe zimafalitsa guzmania zimakupatsani mwayi wobala mbewu popanda zovuta kunyumba.