Kodi mungatani ngati mbatata ikugwa, akudwala kapena ali ndi mavuto ena?

Tomato ndi mbewu zamasamba zomwe zimafunikira kusamalidwa ndi kusamala kwambiri. Mlimi wamba samakula tomato m'munda wake. Koma kupeza bwino kotuta phwetekere n'zotheka kokha mukadzala bwino mbande.

Pali mavuto ambiri pamene mubzala mbande. Ndikofunika kusankha nthawi yoyenera kubzala, kupereka dzuwa kwa tomato, kukonzekera njere molondola, kusunga nthawi yambiri ya kuthirira.

Tomato nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Choncho, simungakhoze kuthamanga mbande, muyenera kufufuza mosamala tchire chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mawanga, tizirombo kapena zizindikiro zina za matendawa. Nanga bwanji ngati mbande imakhala yozizira kapena yozizira komanso ikukula? Mayankho onse m'nkhaniyi.

Mavuto ndi uphungu, chochita nawo

Tomato - masamba owopsa, pamene akukula omwe angayang'ane ndi mavuto angapo. Taganizirani ena mwa iwo.

Matato aang'ono ndi mazira

Kawirikawiri, chisanu chomwe chimabweranso kumapeto kwa kasupe ndi mlandu.. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuzizira kungakhale kusowa kwa kuuma kwa mbande, mabedi osakonzekera kapena kubzala msanga pansi. Kusunga mbande yachisanu ndi kotheka kumatheka.

• Ngati ali ofooka frosts, mbande ayenera kutenthedwa mmwamba.
  1. Kuchita izi, ku chitsamba chilichonse muyenera kutsanulira madzi asanu enieni ochokera kumtsinje (madzi, mvula, chitsime kapena chitsime).
  2. Pambuyo kuthirira muyenera kuphimba tomato ndi filimu mu zigawo ziwiri.
  3. Ngati zomwezo zikulosera kuti chisanu chiwonjezeka, m'pofunika kuwonjezeranso (pamwamba pa filimuyi) kuteteza mbande ndi mabulangete kapena nsalu.
• Ngati mbande zowononga kwambiri, masamba amasintha mtundu, mdima, wouma kapena kugwa, muyenera kuchita mwamsanga.
  1. Thandizo lachangu lidzakhala ma immunomodulators. Ndikoyenera kubereka ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa molingana ndi mapepala omwe akufotokozedwa pazokonzedwa.
  2. Kudulira mitengo yonse yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mchenga kumathandiza kuti mbeu izibwezere. Ndikofunika kuchotsa masamba onse ndikuyambira ndi mpeni. Ngati munayenera kudula pansi, sizowopsya. Tomato adzachira kuchokera ku masamba, kugona pansi pa masamba kapena mizu. Pambuyo kudulira, fesa mbewu ndi feteleza. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito urea, potaziyamu humate ndi zitosi za mbalame.

Tomato okhudzidwa ndi mphukira amawoneka ngati awa:

Pang'onopang'ono kukula nyumba

1. Kukula kochepa kwa mbande kumagwirizana ndi nthaka yosauka kapena chisamaliro chosasamala. Nthaka yosavuta ndi yovuta kuwerengera. Mbeu sizikula bwino, masamba apansi amakhala ofiira kapena buluu. Pankhaniyi, tomato alibe magnesium. Musasinthe mwamsanga dzikolo. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuvala pamwamba.
2. Kukula pang'ono ndi kotheka ngakhale mbande ziribe nayitrogeni. Oxygen sifikira mizu, chifukwa cha ichi, tomato sangathe kupuma. Onetsani kusowa kwa nayitrogeni ndi woonda, pafupifupi masamba oonekera ndi woonda zimayambira. Urea idzawathandiza kubwezeretsa kukula ndikubweretsanso kusowa kwa nayitrogeni.
3. Kusamalidwa kolakwika kumakhudza mbande zosachepetsedwa ndi nthaka. Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kapena, mmalo mwake, madzi pang'ono amakhudza kukula kwa mbande. Kutaya dzuwa kumachepetsa kukula kwa mbewu.

Akugwa

Zifukwa zimatha kusamalidwa bwino kapena matenda. Kusamalira kosayenera kumaphatikizapo:

• kuthirira mopitirira muyeso kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi;
• mpweya wouma kwambiri;
• chimfine;
• palibe mpweya wabwino.

Mukapeza chimodzi mwa zinthuzi, muyenera kusintha mwamsanga vutoli. Nthaka yosauka bwino ingayambitsenso mbande kugwa. Fufuzani tizirombo.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri. Matenda wamba chifukwa chodetsedwa ndi nthaka ndi fusarium.

Kuthira kwakukulu komanso kusowa ufulu kungabweretse ku matenda monga "mwendo wakuda" (mmerawu udzayamba kudima ndi kufota mu thunthu, kuyambira pansi). Ngati vutoli lidziwike mwamsanga, kokwanira kuzikhazikitsa m'nthaka yatsopano. Mukamayendetsa nkhaniyi, muonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi feteleza kuti muthe kuchipatala.

Kodi chikusoweka chiyani ngati chomera chiri chobiriwira?

Masamba a mbande amakhala kuwala chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Izi zingakhale kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kusowa kwa mpweya kapena kutentha. Angakhalenso chifukwa chosowa potaziyamu m'nthaka. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kudyetsa zomera ndi potaziyamu humate kapena feteleza ina yabwino.

Zovuta

Mbande zofooka zingayambidwe chifukwa cha kusowa kwa dzuwa.. Ngati nyengo ili mitambo, ndi bwino kuti tiwonetsetse chipindacho. M'pofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta mchere feteleza kudyetsa chomera.

Msolo wakuda

Matendawa amaikidwa ngati fungal. Amadziwonetsera mwa kuyanika ndi kuphulika kwa tsinde la phwetekere. Kenaka chomeracho chimagwedezeka ndikugwa.

Ndikofunikira. Chifukwa cha matenda ndi kusowa kwa mtunda pakati pa mbande, komanso madzi okwanira ambiri.

Kodi mungatani kuti phwetekere lisakhale ndi mwendo wakuda? Kuyenera kupewa matenda:

1. Kuti muchite izi, yikani phulusa kapena mchenga pansi.
2. Ngati chomeracho chikudwala kale, ndiye kuti njira zothetsera mimba yakuda ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides: Fitosporin-M, Baktofit, Fitolavin.
3. Kusakaniza dziko lapansi ndi kuthirira potassium permanganate. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito vitriol ya buluu.
4. Mbande, omwe akhala akudwala kwa nthawi yayitali, ziyenera kuwonongedwa.

Septoria

Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka. Bowa limalowetsa mmera kudzera mu mizu.

Pofuna kupewa, m'pofunika kuti muwononge nthaka ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Manyowa nthaka ndi phulusa ndi mchenga. Musanabzala mbewu kapena kubzala mbande mungathe kulima nthaka. Mbewu zomwe zakhala zikudwala kwa nthawi yayitali, ziyenera kuwonongedwa. Pochizira ena onse mbande ntchito Bordeaux madzi mankhwala.

Brown malo

Chizindikiro cha bulawuni malo - mawanga ofiira owala pamasamba omwe amavutitsa nthawi. Chifukwa chake chingawonjezere chinyezi cha nthaka ndi mpweya.

Pofuna kuteteza matendawa, m'pofunikira kuthira nthaka ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Zipatso zomwe zagwidwa ndi matenda kwa nthawi yayitali ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Zina zonse za mbande zikhoza kuperekedwa Bordeaux madzi.

Mosaic

Matenda aakulu a tizilombo. Kulimbana ndi chisanu ndi chilala, mwayi wa matenda ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Mbeu zopweteka zimatha kuchokera kunthaka, kumsongole komanso kuchokera ku zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chisamaliro. Zojambula zamagetsi zimakhalanso ndi aphid.

Anapezeka matenda pa masamba. Iwo ali ndi mawanga obiriwira obiriwira kapena mdima wandiweyani. Kukula kwakukulu kumawoneka ndipo tsamba limayamba kupota.

Pofuna kupewa, chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi 20% hydrochloric acid yankho. Zimamera ndi boric asidi 0.1%. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga amayi-3.

Aspermia

Matendawa ndi a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo. Ndi nthendayi, mtundu wa tomato umachepetsedwa, nsonga za mmera zimayamba kupiringa, masamba azipiringa ndi mafinya.

Pofuna kupewa, m'pofunikira kuchiza chomera ndi anti-aphid ndi tizirombo tina. Ikani mankhwala okonzekera kuchipatala. Ngati mbande zowuma kale, ziyenera kuwonongedwa..

Masamba achikasu

Chikasu cha masamba apamwamba chimasonyeza kuti chomeracho sichikhala ndi calcium. M'pofunika kudyetsa. Zifukwa za chikasu zingakhale zochepa kwambiri pakati pa tchire, kuunika kochepa, kusowa kwa mkuwa. Ngati chitsamba chonse chikhala chowala, ndiye kuti mbewuzo sizikusowa manganese. Mankhwala amawononga mizu posankha ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi chikasu cha masamba.

Zolakwika za kulima ndi kupewa kwawo

• Kugula mbewu m'malo osadziwika. Mumsika kapena agogo aakazi mumsewu, mukhoza kugula mbewu za khalidwe losauka. Pogula izi, muyenera kuthira mbeu mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ndikupita kwa mphindi 20. Ndiye yambani ndi madzi. Ngati mbeuyo idafota, ndiye kuti zonse ziri mu dongosolo.
• Kutentha kwakukulu. Palibe chifukwa chokwirira mbewuzo kwa maola oposa 15. Apo ayi iwo adzangowonongeka.
• Nthawi yosakwanira yofika. Kuyambira koyambirira kapena kubzala mochedwa kumakhudza ubwino wa phwetekere. Mbeu zabwino zodzala pansi - kuyambira masiku makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Musati mubzale mbewu, ngati pasanathe miyezi iwiri ya kutentha.
• Kubzala m'munda nthaka. Kusakaniza kuyenera kukolola kugwa. Ikhoza kupanga mchenga ndi humus, kompositi kapena nthaka kuchokera m'nkhalango - mu magawo ofanana. Kuwonjezera apo, chidebe cha chisakanizo chiyenera kupita 0,5 malita a nkhuni phulusa.
• Kutsika kwa kutentha. Mutabzala mbewu, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa 25 ° C. Pokhapokha, mbande zidzawonekera mwamsanga.
• Kusasoŵa kwa dzuwa. Mbewu zikangowonekera, nkofunika kuika miphika pamalo omwe dzuwa limaperekedwa.
• Kuthira mopitirira malire. Kuthirira ndi kofunikira pamene dothi lopanda dothi limauma. Nthawi iliyonse pambuyo kuthirira ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka.
• Kukhazikika. Tomato amakonda ufulu. Musawafesenso iwo pafupi. Masamba a zomera musagwire.
• Palibe zovuta. Masabata awiri asanasamuke pamalo otseguka, m'pofunika kutuluka tsiku ndi tsiku kumsewu kapena khonde. Kuwonjezera nthawi pang'onopang'ono mpaka tsiku lonse. Tsiku loyamba kusamuka pamsewu usiku.

Timapereka kuti tiwone kanema, zomwe zikuluzikulu zolakwika mu kulima phwetekere mbande:

Kukula mbande zokoma ndi tomato zokha sikovuta. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusamalira bwino ndi kusalakwitsa pamene mukudzala ndi kusiya. Ndiyeno chokolola chachikulu ndi chapamwamba chidzasangalatsa eni ake.