Taganizirani kuphika popanda anyezi sizingatheke. Chothandizira ichi chogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pafupifupi mbale zonse: choyamba, chachiwiri, kuphika, kumalongeza, ngakhale wofiira anyezi wofiira ali wokonzeka.
Kusungunula anyezi chifukwa cha tizirombo
Zikuwoneka kuti palibe chophweka kusiyana ndi anyezi akukula - izi siziri tomato zosautsa kapena zachiwombankhanga zakutchire. Nanga n'chifukwa chiyani anyezi amatembenukira chikasu m'munda, ndi chiyani choti achite? Tiyeni tiwone izo.
Anyezi auluka
Anyezi a Fly Larvae zoopsa kwa mitundu yonse ya anyezi (shnit, shallot, leek). Mu May, ntchentche imaika mazira ake, ndipo patangotha sabata, mbozi zimayamba kudya mababu. Chomeracho chimatembenuka chikasu ndipo ngati simutenga zitsulo, anyezi adzafa.
Monga njira yowonetsera, ndibwino kuti tizitsuka anyezi mofulumira kuti tidzakhale ndi mphamvu zisanayambe kuphulika kwa mphutsi. Sankhani kaloti kwa anyezi kwa oyandikana nawo: ntchentche sizikonda fungo lake.
Momwe mungapulumutsire uta kuchokera ku ntchentche ya anyezi, ngati wawonekera kale pamabedi a munda. Mu Meyi, pamene ntchentche ikuyamba kuika mazira, ufa zomera ndi osakaniza: nkhuni phulusa 200 g, fumbi fodya ndi tsabola pansi 1 tsp. (pamtunda wa mita imodzi). Oyenera kuthana ndi mphutsi mankhwala "Kreotsid PRO", yankho liyenera kukhala sprayed zomera.
Njira inanso yothetsera tizilombo togwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu: 200 m mchere, 10 l madzi, mchere wambiri wa ammonia. Njira ya saline imathiriridwa panthawi ya kukula kwa nthenga (kutalika kwa nthenga pafupifupi masentimita 8). Ndibwino kuti musagwere pa nthenga, kutsanulira pansi pa anyezi.
Wosunga anyezi
Chowopsa pobisala: amadya masamba, ndipo mphutsi zake zimathyola mitengo yonse m'masamba. Anyezi amasiya kutulutsa kwake, amasanduka wachikasu ndikumwalira.
Pofuna kuteteza, zimalimbikitsidwa mutatha kukolola kuti musamalitse bwino dothi pamabedi, musasiye mababu m'nyengo yozizira - iyi ndi malo abwino omwe nthawi yachisanu imatha.
Pamene kachilomboka kamapezeka, kumasula ndi kumeta mabedi, phulusa nthaka ndi phulusa kapena tsabola, mpiru wouma. Ngati pali tizirombo tambirimbiri, tizilomboti Karbofos (60 g pa 10 malita a madzi).
Ndikofunikira! Katangotha kuchipatala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthenga zirizonse, musadye. Iyenera kutenga nthawi.
Mafuta anyezi
Ndizo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (1mm) Amakhala ndi mazira m'magazi, akuyamwitsa zonse zomwe zimachokera ku zomera pamodzi ndi ana ake.
Kuteteza motsutsana nawo, monga kupewa zomwe mukufunikira onetsetsani zokolola, kuyeretsa dothi mutatha kukolola ndikukonzanso anyezi musanadzalemo (sungani mbeu mumadzi mpaka 45 ° C). Ngati tizilombo taoneka, tiiperekere ndi Confidor (1 ml pa 10 malita a madzi) ndi Spark (piritsi limodzi pa 10 malita a madzi).
Anyezi a mite
Anyezi a mite moyo wake ukuwononga bulbu kwathunthu. Nkhupakupa zowonongeka pa mababu osatengedwa m'mabedi kapena kufalikira panthawi yosungirako. Koposa zonse, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timabereka pa kutentha kwa 13 ° C ndi mvula yambiri, kuposa 60%.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphutsi zawo zimayamba kudya anyezi kuchokera pansi, sizingathe kuzizindikira.
Choncho, kupewa kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa zatsalira mutatha kukolola, musabzale m'dera limodzi kwa zaka zopitirira zinayi, kutenthetsa zokolola, kuyang'ana malo onse osungiramo mbeu, ndikufunika kukumba nthaka. Zomera zimatha kutsanulidwa ndi choko pofuna kuteteza tizilombo.
Nematode amatha
Nematode Zowopsa chifukwa n'zosatheka kuzizindikira, zimakhala pansi kwa zaka zambiri. Mukhoza kulimbana ndi kuteteza zochitikazo.
Monga prophylaxis Tsatirani malamulo oyendetsa mbewu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (madzi otentha kapena saline). Dyetsani calendula kapena marigold pakati pa mizere ya anyezi. Kulowetsedwa kwa marigolds akhoza madzi mababu kuopseza tiziromboti.
Chifukwa chiyani anyezi amatembenukira chikasu, kuchiza matenda
Kuphatikiza pa kugonjetsedwa kwa mababu ndi tizilombo - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomera zimatha kuwononga matendawa. Chifukwa chiyani chikasu ndimauma kapena kuvunda anyezi, ndi matenda ati omwe amawavulaza, ndi momwe tingachitire nawo, tidzatha kuyang'ana.
Downy mildew
Wothandizira matendawa ndi anyezi, chisanu pakati pa mababu. Anyezi odwala samasiyana kunja kwa thanzi labwino, choncho zimakhala zovuta kudziwa nthawi yomweyo.
Mutabzala, zomera zimadwala ndikukula kwa mwezi umodzi popanda mavuto, koma masamba amawomba chikasu ndi kufota. Pamwamba pa mapepala amapepala angawoneke mofulumira, akuwoneka kuti ndi dothi.
Matendawa amatumizidwa ku zitsanzo zabwino pamlengalenga ndi mvula. Popeza kuti chinyezi ndi kutentha ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti chitukuko chikule bwino, posunga anyezi, kuyang'anira kutentha ndi kutsegula chipinda.
Njira zothandizira: kusungira mbewu, kufesa koyamba, kuchotsa manyowa pa feteleza, kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe ndi nitrogen ndi superphosphate; musanadzalemo, chithandizo cha mbande ndi kutentha kwa maola 8 pa 40 ° C.
Mukhoza kumenyana ndi bowa mwa kupopera "Fitosporin" kapena "Phyto-plus." Izi ndizo zabwino kwambiri: mutatha kudya anyezi akhoza kudyedwa masiku awiri.
Anyezi opusa
Anthracnose pa masamba Zimasonyezedwa ndi mawanga akuda ndi mdima. Masamba amasintha mtundu, kuuma ndi kuuma. Kodi mungakonze bwanji anyezi kuti asasinthe kapena kuwonongeka? Zomera zimatha kupopedwa ndi mankhwala otsatirawa: mkuwa sulphate, Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mkuwa chlorini.
Nkhumba zimakhazikika m'madera ochepa ndipo zimakhuthala. Zomera zochepa, zitsani pamabedi otsekemera ndi kuwachotsa mutatha kukolola. Matenda amafalikira kuchokera ku zotsalira zamasamba kapena mbewu zawo.
Chenjerani! Pambuyo pokonza zothetsera zitsulo simungadye anyezi kwa masabata atatu.
Cercosporosis
Ngati masamba ofiira ndi chikasu akuoneka pamasamba - izi ndizo chalcosporosis. Matendawa overwinters mu zomera zosadziwika ndi mbewu zawo. M'chakachi, ndi zatsopano, bowa amafalitsidwa ku mbande kapena mvula. Musaiwale kuyeretsa nthaka bwino mutatha kukolola. Kulimbana ndi bowa kumathandiza mankhwala: "Fitosporin" kapena "Fito-plus."
Khola zowola
Matenda omwe amapezeka ndi anyezi - khosi kuvunda. N'zosatheka kulimbana ndi izo, chifukwa zikagwa mu khosi la anyezi, oyezi anyezi. Matendawa amawonetsedwa panthawi yosungirako mbewu. Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti mvula yamvula, anyezi ayenera kukhala ouma bwino asanakolole m'malo osungirako.
Mukudziwa? Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa anyezi kumapezeka m'Baibulo. Pofotokoza miyoyo yonse ya Israeli mu ukapolo, zimatchulidwa kuti adadya anyezi. Agiriki akale ankayesa anyezi kuti adziritse katundu, koma ankawona kuti anthu osauka ankadya chakudya.
Donets zowola
Kawirikawiri, nsonga za anyezi zimatembenuka chikasu, chifukwa chake izi zimachitika - timaganizira zambiri.
Matenda wamba a mitundu yonse ya anyezi - Donets zowola. Amayambitsa babu pakakula, pamene anyezi amadwala nthenga za anyezi, kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma. Choipa ndi chakuti matendawa amatha kokha kupewa.
Sankhani malo osungirako: pasakhale chinyezi chokhazikika. Ngati mupeza matenda, pitani anyezi pa tsamba ili pasanakhalepo patatha zaka zisanu.
Musanadzalemo, tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso tizilombo toononga bwino. Sungani bwino mbewu, musanyalanyaze mwambo wa kutentha, chinyezi ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kusamalira bwino anyezi - chimodzi mwa zifukwa za chikasu
Matenda ambiri m'mitengo amawonekera chifukwa chosasunga malamulo owasamalira, osakonzekera panthawi yokolola ndi kunyalanyaza njira zowononga mankhwala pamalo osungiramo mbewu.
Kuthira kosakwanira kapena kosayenera
Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa nthawi komanso kuchepetsa madzi anyezi kuti asakhale achikasu. Imwani madzi anyezi mukamera mizu, muyenera masiku atatu, mochuluka, madzi ofunda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri - madigiri 25.
Ndi bwino kuchita kuthirira m'mawa. Ngati munagwiritsa ntchito mulch, madzi pang'ono. Madzi ovuta ayenera kuchepetsedwa. Kuwonjezera ulimi wothirira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, mu July - kamodzi pa sabata ndi theka. Mkhalidwe waukulu suyenera kusefukira ndipo kuti usayume, payenera kukhala malo oyenera.
Kupanda kudya
Funso losafunikira: momwe mungadyetse anyezi kuti musadzakhale wachikasu. Chakudya chiyenera kukhala pamodzi ndi kuthirira.
Feteleza amasungunuka m'madzi kwa ulimi wothirira: 10 g madzi 50 g wa ammonium nitrate, 20 g wa superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mchere.
Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika pamene nthenga yasonyezeratu 3 cm yakubiriwira. Zotsatira - mu sabata. Masiku angapo musanakolole, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa.
Zosangalatsa Zaka zoposa 2000 BC. er pamsewu wa Silk Great, makampani omwe ali ndi katundu wambiri, kuphatikizapo anyezi, apita kale. Mlembi wa buku la "Gourmets ku Silk Road" Laura Kelly anaika pangozi kuphika "pie ya masewotamiya", imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe anyezi anali nazo. Poyang'ana ndemanga za Akazi a Kelly, mbale ya ku Babeloni inadza kwa kukoma kwake.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malangizidwe awa: momwe mungasunge anyezi; zomwe muyenera kudyetsa kuti musapweteke; ngati anyezi akutembenukira chikasu, kuposa madzi ndi zothandiza zina, chilengedwe chingapitirire. Nthawi yowuma kapena yonyowa kwambiri ndi mvula yamkuntho, imadzetsa chikasu, kuphulika, chirichonse chimene iwe ukuchita. Kwa mabedi anyezi kuti azisangalala ndi zokolola zabwino, ndi bwino ngati ataphimbidwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha.
