Malingaliro a wamaluwa kuti azikula ndiwo zamasamba zowonjezera: Kodi kudzala kabichi pa mbande?

Kabichi ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zobiriwira, koma olima amaluwa amatha kukhala ndi mavuto. Zomera za oyambirira kabichi mu mbande zikuchitika kumapeto kwa March, sing'anga - kuchokera pa March 15 mpaka April 15, kumapeto kwa theka la mwezi wa April.

Kukula kabichi mbande kunyumba kumachitika nthawi ziwiri. Choyamba, mbewu za kabichi zimabzalidwa, mbande zimakula, ndiyeno mu gawo la zinyama zimathamangira mu wowonjezera kutentha, mabokosi, komanso miphika yowonjezera, yomwe imayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikugona ndi zakudya zosakaniza.

M'nkhani yathu tidzakulangizani momwe mungamere bwino mbande kunyumba, kumunda, makasitomala komanso osatentha wowonjezera kutentha, komanso mithunzi yofesa mbewu ndi nthawi yokula.

Kodi kubzala masamba?

Amaluwa ambiri akuganiza kuti ndi bwino kudzala kabichi ndi mbewu kapena mbande? Kusankha nthawi ndi nthawi yobzala kabichi, pogwiritsa ntchito mbande kapena kufesa pamalo otseguka, muyenera kuganizira za nyengo. Palibe mbande zingakolole kudera la Central Black Earth ndi ku Far East. M'madera ena, kubzala m'nthaka ndi koyenera kumapeto kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ikafesedwa mu nthaka yowirira komanso mokwanira. Choncho, mochedwa kabichi umakhala wolimba ndi woumitsidwa, mwamsanga umapita kukula.

Inde, m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, ndizodalira kudalira njira yokha yopanda mbewu ndipo mbewu zina ziyenera kubzalidwa ndi mbande, makamaka kabichi oyambirira, omwe afesedwa mmera kuyambira chiyambi cha March.

Pamwamba Maphunziro

Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri ya kabichi ndipo, choyamba, muyenera kusankha chomwe mukufuna kukula. Kabichi oyambirira ndi yabwino kwa saladi, koma sungakhoze kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.. Mitu yake ndi yaing'ono, ndipo zokolola zonse ndizochepa.

M'katikati mwa nyengo - bwino kukolola, cabbages wa ambiri osalimba. Ikhoza kusungidwa ndi kuwawa. Chakumapeto kvasyat kwa dzinja ndipo kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Kulawa, amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino, ndipo zokolola zake ndizopambana. Mutu wa mitundu yochedwa kwambiri wandiweyani kuposa oyambirira ndi pakati.

Zina mwa mitundu yoyambirira ya otchuka kwambiri:

• Malachite.
• Pezani
• Hekitala ya golidi.
• Tauras.
• Rosava.
• Zora

Pakatikati pa nyengo pakati pa mitundu:

1. Ulemerero
2. Dziperekeni.
3. Mphatso.
4. Stolichnaya.

Ndemanga zabwino pakati pa zakucha kumapeto kwa Moscow Late, Kolobok, Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya, Kamenka, Turquoise komanso Caliph.

Kulima masiku

Posankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobzala, m'pofunika kupereka zowonjezera mitundu, popeza zimachokera kumalo okulima. Kawirikawiri masiku a kufesa mbewu amasonyezedwa m'matumba. Pafupifupi Masiku 60-65 ayenera kudutsa kuchokera kufesa ku chofunika chodzala cha mbande pansi.

Mitengo yoyambirira imafesedwa mu March, ndipo mbewu za pakatikati ndi nyengo ndi mitundu yochedwa - mu April. Pali njira zingapo zopangira masamba, kuphatikizapo mbande pakhomo, ndi momwe angabzala bwino. Pansi pali kufotokoza kwa njira izi.

Njira yamasewera

Zithunzi zokula m'makaseti ndi awa:

1. Njira iyi yokula mbande, makasitomala omwe ali ndi maselo 15-30 masentimita amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbewu imodzi imabzalidwa mu selo iliyonse mpaka 1-2 masentimita. Ikani ndi kusakaniza kwa peat ndi utuchi, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti tinyamule ndi kuyendetsa mankhwala osokoneza tizirombo ndi matenda.
2. Nthaka kapena kusakaniza zimatsanulidwira m'maselo pasadakhale, kuzitentha ndi kuthirira. Nthawi imene kabichi amatha mu cassettes 30-50 masiku.

Iwo ali mu malo otentha otentha omwe ali ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 21-22 ndi chinyezi cha 85%. Mbewu kumera mu makaseti ndi apamwamba kwambiri poyerekezera ndi kufesa malo obiriwira pansi, ndipo mbewu zochepa zimakhala zochepa. Ndi ichi zomera sizikusowa kukolola, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mizu siidzaonongeka.

Pakuwonekera kwa mphukira kutentha kwa chipinda chiyenera kuchepetsedwa ku 15-20 madigiri. Ndikofunika kupewa kupewa kutentha chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha blackleg. Masabata awiri musanadzalemo, zomera zimayamba kuumitsa, kuthamangira chipinda. Mukamabzala kabichi muyenera kukhala ndi masamba 4-6.

Kumalo otseguka

Kohlrabi, broccoli ndi Peking kabichi ndi zabwino kumunda. Kubzala ndi kulima kuthengo kuli ndi zinthu zambiri ndi malamulo:

• Sankhani malo omwe nyemba, kaloti, anyezi, adyo kapena nkhaka zimakula.
• Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka pafupi ndi katsabola kapena marigolds ndi olandiridwa.
• Kumadera kumene radishes, radishes kapena cabbages zimakula, ndibwino kuti musabzalidwe. Pa nthaka yosauka imapanga humus ndi peat.

Dothi la acid laimu la dolomite. Kabichi yofesedwa kuyambira May, Kohlrab ndi Peking mpaka kumapeto kwa July.

1. Mabedi amasungunuka ndi matope, ndiye mabowo akonzedwa, omwe ali ndi phulusa.
2. Madzi amatsanulira muchitsime chilichonse kuti nthaka ikhale yothira mozama masentimita 20.
3. Ugone tulo ndikuyika 3-4 mbeu kuya kuya 3-4 masentimita.
4. Chophimbidwa ndi mtsuko wa galasi kapena kapu ya pulasitiki.

Timapereka kuwonera kanema za kubzala kabichi pamalo otseguka:

Mu polycarbonate wowonjezera kutentha

Kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha ndiko motere:

• Mu wowonjezera kutentha akukonzekera nthaka, ndikudzaza ndi peat ndi zoipa. Musanafese, mbeu za kabichi zouma ndipo zimafesedwa mpaka masentimita 3-5. Kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhalabe ndi kuyembekezera kuti kudzakhala masentimita 16 mpaka masana ndi usiku ndipo sizingagwe pansi pa 10 usiku.

  Ngati pali mphukira yambiri, mbande zimapangidwira, zimasiya kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha suma.

• Ndi maonekedwe a 3-4 woona masamba, 3-5 masentimita a nthaka kapena peat akufesedwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuonekera kwa ngakhale tsinde.
• Ngati chigamulocho chikupangidwa kuchoka mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, chimabzala masentimita 60 mpaka 30. Kusamalira mu wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala koyambira: kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosadziwika, kuthirira ndi nayitrogeni ndi feteleza feteleza, kupukuta ndi phulusa, kudumpha pamunsi ndi kutsuka namsongole.
• Mu kutentha kosapsa, zina zotentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhale zotentha nthawi zonse.

Tikupereka kuwonera kanema momwe kabichi imakulira mu wowonjezera kutentha:

Kodi mungakulire bwanji kunyumba?

Kukula kabichi kunyumba, kapena m'malo mwa kabichi mbande alibe kusiyana kulikonse. Mbewu imabzalidwa mabokosi kapena mu chidebe china choyenera. M'nthaka yonyowa, timapanga timene timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mbewu zimayikidwa pamtunda wapatali, kenako nthaka imayambidwa ndi filimuyo. Mphukira zoyamba za mbande zimaonekera nthawi ya masiku 4-5 mutabzala, 18-20 madigiri. Mbande amasungidwa pamalo owala Maola oyamba 16 mpaka 16 ndi ofunikira kuti apeze zowonjezereka.

Kuchiza mbewu

Mbewu imasankhidwa mosamalitsa ndi kutsanulira kwa mphindi zisanu ndi 3% yothetsera mchere wamchere. Mbeu zowonongeka zimatayidwa kunja, ndipo otsalawo amafunika kutsuka ndi zouma.

Ngati izo zalembedwa pa matumba a mbewu zomwe zakhala zikukonzedweratu, ndizokwanira kuchita kokha kutentha. Chithandizo cha kutentha chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha pa madigiri 48-50.

Kuchepetsa kutentha, njere zimamizidwa kwa mphindi 20 m'madzi a madigiri 48-50. Ndikofunika kuti usapitirire kutentha, ngati kumera kumatha chifukwa cha izi..

Akagula mbewu zofiira amatetezedwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate ndikusambitsidwa ndi madzi.

Chisamaliro

Pakuwonekera kwa mphukira iwo amachotsedwa kunja, kusiya mbewu zamphamvu kwambiri. Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 masentimita. Ngati patapita nthawi atsimikiziridwa kuti adyowe mbande, ndiye panthawi yopatsa mbeu zomera zimakula mpaka masamba.

Mitengo ya anthu akuluakulu imayima kutentha kwa madigiri 17-13 masana ndi madigiri 7-10 usiku. Pafupi masabata awiri musanafike pansi, mbande zimayamba kuuma. Choyamba, mutsegule zitsulo, ndiye mbande zitenge maola 2-3 pa khonde, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi.

Kusambala

Pambuyo pa chiopsezo cha chisanu, mbewu zimabzalidwa pamtunda. Kwa izi:

1. Amakonza nthaka mwa kuchotsa namsongole.
2. Mbande obzalidwa pamtunda wa 50 cm, kuya kwa dzenje ndi 15-18 masentimita.
3. Onjezani humus ku chitsime, ndi phulusa pamwamba.
4. Pitani mowa kwambiri madzi ndi madzi atatha, yambani kubzala mbewu.
5. Mizu yazomera imakhala ndi ufa wambiri ndi muzu, kenaka kuika chomeracho mu dzenje, chodzaza dziko lapansi ku masamba a cotyledon.
6. Pambuyo pake, nthaka yoyandikana ndi mbeuyo imatsitsidwa pansi ndi kuthirira.
7. Zowonongeka kapena zochepa kwambiri mbande zimakanidwa.

Timapereka kuwonera kanema momwe tingamere mbande zabwino ndi zathanzi za kabichi:

Mavuto angakhalepo

Kunyumba

Chifukwa chake - kuposa chiwerengero cha mbeu. Mbande zimakhala zosafunika komanso zapamwamba zimayamba kugwedezeka kuunika. Njira yopulumutsira ku malowa ndi kutsitsa mphukira zofooka.. Pambuyo pa njirayi, kutuluka kwa mpweya kumaperekedwa, kuyatsa ndi zakudya za mbewu iliyonse zimakhala bwino.

Kukoka mbande

Vutoli ndilo chifukwa cha kusowa kwaunikira, komanso kutentha kwa nthaka ndi dothi.

Thandizani zowonjezera zomera kuti zithandize kuunikira kwowonjezera ndikuchepetsa kuchepetsa kwa kuthirira.

Kukula koyenera, zomera zimafunikira maola 12-14. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito phytolamps.

Kuti muwone kuwala kwawunikira kuchokera pazenera, mukhoza kukhazikitsa chithunzi chojambula chojambula. Pofuna kuchepetsa dothi la nthaka, dothi lauma ndi mchenga wouma bwino, ndipo kenaka pultivator imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira.

Wilting zomera

Zifukwa - nthaka yowuma kapena mpweya wakuwuma kwambiri. Komanso chifukwa cha wilting chingakhale feteleza overfeeding. Chifukwa china ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena tizirombo, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

M'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mbande nthawi zonse, kuyang'anira kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka.

Ndi maonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba zimapanga zowononga. Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zawilting zikuwonekera, nthaka pafupi ndi tsinde imamasulidwa mosamala ndi kuthirira madzi otentha.

M'nkhaniyi tawona mmene tingamere kabichi ndi mbewu ndi mbande pamene tikuwona zofunika pa malo enaake. Zochita zazing'ono izi ndizofunika kukula maluwa okongola ndi abwino.