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Passiflora - kukula, chisamaliro cha kunyumba, mitundu ya zithunzi

Passiflora (Passiflora) - udzu wobiriwira womwe ukufalikira ndi maluwa akuluakulu, ngati nyenyezi. Dziko la Passiflora ndi South America, Brazil, Peruvian, Paraguayan mvula. Chifukwa cha zokongoletsera komanso fungo labwino la duwa, maluwa otulutsa maluwa amalimidwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi ndipo amatchedwa duwa losilira chilapo. Adasinthasintha kale nyengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, yotentha komanso yofunda ndi kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa usiku.

Kukula m'nkhalango yotentha, chithunzi chotchedwa liana chomwe chimatha kukakamiza kulowa dzuwa dzuwa likukakamira. Mothandizidwa ndi tinyanga tambiri pamiyala yamphamvu, yamatabwa, imagwirira kumiseche ndi mitengo ndikufika kumtunda wamtchire.

Zina mwa zikhalidwe zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi 45,5 metres kutalika. Kunyumba, passivlora yamuyaya imakula mpaka 3 metres, pachaka imapereka mphukira 2-2,5 mita kutalika ndipo ndi chomera chosasinthika kwathunthu. Maluwa ambiri amabzala mbewu pachilimwe chonse, koma moyo uliwonse umapitilira tsiku limodzi.

Kukula kwakukulu. Akuwombera chaka chilichonse 2-2,5 mita kutalika.
Maluwa ambiri amabzala mbewu pachilimwe chonse, koma moyo uliwonse umapitilira tsiku limodzi.
Zomera ndizosavuta kukula.
Chomera chosatha.

Mankhwala oopsa komanso oopsa okonda kuzizira

Ngakhale kuli kwina kwa machiritso ena, chilimbikitso sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti chizigwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zomwe zili mu chomera, kulowa thupi, zimatha kuyambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka mtima, ubongo, impso, kapena chiwindi.

Kusamalira Passiflora kunyumba. Mwachidule

Passiflora kunyumba amafunikira chisamaliro chokwanira, chomwe sichovuta:

Njira yotenthaKutentha kwa chilimwe sikuyenera kupitirira 23-25ºС. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imapuma pa 13-17ºº.
Chinyezi cha mpweyaChinyezi chikhale chokwanira. Imafunika kukwezedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi pallet yokhala ndi dongo lonyowa. Kuphatikiza apo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumalimbikitsidwa. Kamodzi masiku awiri aliwonse, ndi madzi ofunda, kupewa kuyanjana ndi maluwa.
KuwalaKuunikaku kumawala ndi kuwala kowala kwambiri kwamphamvu. Kupanda kutero, maluwa amachepa kapena amangiratu.
KuthiriraKuthirira ndizochepa, kamodzi masiku awiri, kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Komabe, musasiye madzi owonjezera mu poto. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa 1 nthawi sabata.
DothiDothi la Passiflora liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lopumira. Mutha kuphika nokha ndi kusakaniza pepala, dothi loumbika, humus ndi mchenga molingana ndi 3: 2: 2: 1, motsatana.
Feteleza ndi fetelezaFeteleza ndi kuphatikiza feteleza amafunikira nthawi yakula. Zithandizo zapadera zamadzimadzi zamaluwa zamaluwa ndizoyenera.
Kupatsira PassifloraKuchulukitsa sikulimbikitsidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa zaka zonse ziwiri. Nthawi yoyenera ndi Epulo.
KuswanaKubalana kumachitika ndikudula, tinyanga, mbewu.

Zomwe zimakulitsa kukula kwa chikondi chake pakupanga dzuwa ndi chinyezi, kuwopa kukonzekera mwamphamvu komanso kufunika kothandizidwa. Popanda kuyatsa kokwanira, mbewuyo imasiya kutulutsa ndi kutaya zokongoletsera zake. Chipinda chomwe chimaliramo chimakuliramo mpweya, koma nthawi yomweyo chimayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu.

Liana ikhoza kukhala yodzala mumiyala yopachikika, ndioyenera kupanga maluwa, mabasiketi ndi nyimbo zina.

Kuti muwone maluwa abwino kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa kuwala ndi chinyezi, kudulira kosalekeza kumafunikira. Kumapeto kwa nthawi yopumira, mphukira zimadulidwa, chaka chatha zichotsedwa, sipadzakhala maluwa pa chaka chatsopano.

Kusamalira Passiflora kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Maluwa otulutsa maluwa

Maluwa okongola kwambiri, akuluakulu, owala ndi omwe amakonda maluwa otchuka. Kusamalira kunyumba sikutanthauza maluso apadera, chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi kuwala kwambiri. Kenako mbewuyo imasangalala nthawi yonse yotentha ndi maluwa ambiri ndikusintha kwa zipatso zingapo.

Kutengera mitundu, maluwa asanu a Passiflora okhala ndi masamba asanu, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe okongola, amatha kukhala ofiira, ofiira, ofiirira, abuluu, oyera. Kuphatikiza pa miyala ikuluikulu, kolona wowonjezerapo wa ulusi imapangidwa pa bud, yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi yayikulu. Pakatikati pa "nyenyezi" yowala iyi 5 ndikuwoneka bwino kwamitundu yayikulu.

Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa opanga zipatso amatulutsa fungo labwino, lonunkhira. Mukamasintha maluwa, zipatso zimapangidwa, zina mwa izo zimatha kudya. Kunyumba, kupukutira mungu ungathe kuchitidwa mwaokha. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito burashi ndikusunthira mungu kuchokera ku duwa lina kupita ku lina.

Njira yotentha

Passiflora kunyumba amafunika kutentha. Zizindikiro zochepa mu nthawi yozizira ndi 12-13ºС, apamwamba - 17-18ºС. Nthawi yomweyo, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayima.

Kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe ndi 17-25ºС.

Kuwaza

Dongosolo lanyumba limatha kukhala louma, koma mphamvu yakukula ndi maluwa izitha kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, kuti apange malo abwino kwambiri, ndikofunikira kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse, makamaka pafupi ndi zida zamagetsi, ndikuyika poto mumiyala.

Chizindikiro cha chinyezi chosakwanira kwa mpweya ndi kupukuta kumapeto kwa masamba.

Kuwala

Chikhalidwe chachikulu komanso chofunikira kwambiri cha kutulutsa maluwa ndi chidwi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuwonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa maola osachepera 4-5 patsiku.

Zothandiza pamawindo akumwera, makonde, ma verandas okhala ndi shading yowala. Mbali zakumadzulo ndi zakumawa ndizoyeneranso kulima, koma ndiye kuti simuyenera kuwerengeka kuti ndi maluwa oterera. Kwa eni mazenera akumpoto, maluwa otumphukira sadzakhalanso mphesa wobiriwira, wobiriwira. Maluwa pansi pamikhalidweyi ndiwokayikitsa.

M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yambiri yamaluwa amasiya maluwa, kupita kukapuma. Koma palinso mitundu yomwe imatha kupitiliza kuphukira nthawi yozizira, koma chifukwa cha izi iyenera kukhala yotentha komanso yopepuka.

Kuthirira

Duwa la Passiflora kunyumba limamwetsa madzi ambiri komanso nthawi zambiri. Koma chinyezi chochulukirapo chiyenera kupewedwa, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa madzi owonjezera poto. Kukwanira kosakwanira kumawoneka kuchepa kwamaluwa, kutuwa, kutalika, masamba kapena masamba. Koma zizindikirazi sizimawoneka nthawi yomweyo, koma pokhapokha ngati tikuwononga mwatsatanetsatane za chisamaliro.

M'nyengo yozizira, ngati kutentha kwa chipindacho kupitirira 20-24C, kuthirira mbewu sikuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

Dothi la Passiflora

Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa pazosakaniza zopangidwa mwazomera za maluwa: begonias, laimu, senpolia. Apangitseni manyowa wamba. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda mbali kapena pang'ono acidic, yoyesedwa bwino komanso yopumira.

Mutha kukonzekera gawo lapansi. Maziko ndi pepala lapansi, humus, mchenga, ndi ma turti zimawonjezeredwa kwa icho. Zoyenereradi bwino kuti pakhale kulima kwa chidwi cham'madzi cha hydroponics.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Pakuyamba kwa nyengo yakukula, passiflora tikulimbikitsidwa kuti umuna. Pachifukwa ichi, kuvala kwamtundu uliwonse wama mineral kapena organic top ndikoyenera. Munthawi ya maluwa, mbewuyo imafunikira kukonzekera ndi potaziyamu yambiri. Feteleza kumachitika kawiri pamwezi.

Kupatsira Passiflora

Maluwa amafunikira kumuwonjezera zaka 2-3 zilizonse mu Epulo. Koma musachulukitse kwambiri mphika. Izi sizingathetse kufunikira kofananirana ndikubwezeretsa kukula kwa mizu m'nthaka yonse. Passiflora siliphuka panthawiyi. Mphamvu yaying'ono ndiyoyenera.

Kuzungulira mphika, ndikofunikira kulinganiza chithandiziro chomwe liana limapendekera ndikukula. Kupanda kutero, imapindika zinthu zonse zozungulira zomwe amakumana nazo panjira. Njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira ndi makwerero opangidwa ndi bamboo kapena pulasitiki, mphete yachitsulo.

Nthambi za msondodzi wosenda ndi mizu yabwino ngati thandizo komanso popanga maluwa okongola, koma ziyenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse.

Kodi chepetsa passiflora?

Passiflora amayenera kukonzedwa pafupipafupi. Kumayambiriro koyambira, chaka chatha amachotsedwa ndipo zopweteka zomwe zidakhazikika nthawi yachisanu zimafupikitsidwa. Chomera chonsecho chimakopedwa ndiopitilira theka. Nthawi yonse yokukula, ndikofunikira kudula mozizira komanso mopanda kuwoneka, mphukira zopanda masamba. Kuchepetsa ndi 3-5 cm kuchokera pansi.

Sikufunika kufupikitsa liana kwambiri, izi zimatha kubweretsa gawo lina la mizu.

Nthawi yopumula

Khalidwe la passiflora nthawi yozizira zimatengera mtundu wa mbewu. Kwa mitundu yomwe imasiya kutulutsa ndi kugwetsa masamba, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino opuma. Kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja, amasiyidwa m'malo abwino ndi kutentha kwa 15-18C, kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono ndikupatula ntchito ya feteleza.

Kufalitsa kwa Passiflora

Kufalikira kwa mbewu kumachitika m'njira zingapo.

Kufalitsa kwa Passiflora ndi odulidwa

Dulani kuyambira koyambirira mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, phesi lomwe limasungidwa ndi masamba awiri atatu limamizidwa m'madzi kwa masabata 2-4 ndipo limapereka kuwala kwa tsiku ndi kuwunikira kochita kupanga. Panthawi imeneyi, azika mizu. Kuphatikiza pa madzi, kuzika kwamizu kumachitika bwino mu chisakanizo cha mchenga.

Musanabzale, malekezero a kudulidwa samatetezedwa, onjezani phulusa la nkhuni ndi chosangalatsa cha mapangidwe. Pambuyo pomiza chogwirizira, dothi limathiriridwa, yokutidwa ndi polyethylene ndikusiyidwa pamalo otentha pa kutentha kwa 21-26 21º kwa masiku 25-35. M'mbuyomu, mizu imatha kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lapansi.

Kuti tifulumizitse mapangidwe a mizu tithandizira kuyatsa pansi pamphika ndi chogwirizira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mini-greenhouse. Nthawi yonse yozula mizu, polyethylene imatsegulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino, nthaka imathiriridwa madzi, ndipo kuphukira kumafafizidwa ndi madzi ofunda.

Kukula Passiflora kuchokera ku Mbewu

Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja. Amadzisunga chisanachitike ndi sandpaper kapena kuwira kwa maola 20-24 mumadzi a mandimu. Kenako njere zimayikidwa mu chisakanizo potengera dothi lamchenga, mchenga, humus ndi peat, kuthiriridwa, yokutidwa ndi galasi ndikusiyidwa pamalo otentha pa kutentha kwa 23-25 ​​° C kwa masabata 3-4. Nthawi imeneyi, mbewu zimamera. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba awiri zakonzeka kutola.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwaumoyo wa passiflora:

  • Passiflora amasiya kupindika, kukhala wofewa - mbewu ndiyotentha;
  • Masamba a Passiflora amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa - chifukwa chake ndi kutentha kochepa, madzi okwanira;
  • Malangizo a Passiflora tsamba louma - Passiflora sakhala ndi chinyezi kapena kuthirira;
  • Passiflora ikukula pang'onopang'ono - kuperewera kwa chakudya kapena kuyatsa pang'ono;
  • Passiflora sikuti pachimake - kuwala pang'ono, nayitrogeni wambiri mu feteleza, mphika waukulu kwambiri;
  • Kuzungulira zimayambira - kuthirira kwambiri.

Zitha kuchitika kuti mutagulaunda wokonda maluwa, adaponya maluwa onse. Izi ndi zomwe zimabweretsa nkhawa. Pakapita kanthawi, mbewuyo imaphukanso.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda, ntchintchi zimakonda kugwidwa ndi tizirombo: nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude, zovala zoyera, mavu.

Mitundu ya Passiflora yakunyumba wokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Passiflora buluu

Mtundu wosabala kwambiri wa mipesa, womwe ndi wofala kwambiri, mpaka 9 m kutalika. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, masamba ndi akulu, mpaka 10 cm, oyera kapena abuluu.

Passiflora kusintha

Mapesi ndi masamba amtunduwu adakutidwa ndi fluff wosalala. Maluwa ndi akulu, masentimita 5-7, oyera, abuluu, pinki, mithunzi yofiirira. Zipatso ndizokulungidwa.

Mapiko a mapiko

Imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi mpesa wamphamvu komanso maluwa ofiira owala mpaka masentimita 12. Imaphuka bwino kwambiri komanso mopatsa chidwi, koma mwa kutentha ndi kuwala kokwanira. Zipatsozo zimanunkhira bwino.

Passiflora nyama yofiira

Opanda ulemu kalasi. Imakhala ndi katundu wochiritsa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zina. Imatha kuthetsa kupweteka komanso kuphipha kwa minofu, kuthetsa kusowa tulo, mantha, kukhazikika magazi, komanso kukhazikika. Amakula kutalika mpaka 10 m., Maluwa amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Wokoma wokongola

Zimasiyanasiyana kuti mutatha kupukutidwa, zipatso zatsopano zimapangidwa pa iye - chipatso cha mtima. Maluwa mumaluwa akuluakulu, okongola, oyera mpaka 7 cm okhala ndi stamens yofiirira yachilendo. Kunyumba, zipatso zimapezeka ndi kupukutira mungu, zaka zingapo mutabzala. Pali mitundu yodzipukutira tokha, ndi yoyeneranso kunyumba.

Tsopano ndikuwerenga:

  • Ivy - chisamaliro chakunyumba, mitundu ya zithunzi
  • Fuchsia - chisamaliro chakunyumba, chithunzi
  • Dieffenbachia kunyumba, chisamaliro ndi kubereka, chithunzi
  • Ficus wopatulika - kukula ndi kusamalira kunyumba, chithunzi
  • Chlorophytum - chisamaliro ndi kubereka kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi