Zomwe zimabzala kubzala mbewu za tomato. Kodi mungapewe bwanji zolakwa?

Kawirikawiri, kumalo otseguka, ndi wowonjezera kutentha, komanso mu chidebe cha mbande, alimi ndiwo amakonda kusankha kuti asaume, koma kale amamera mbeu za phwetekere.

Kuti njirayi ikhale yopambana, muyenera kudziwa pasadakhale ndikuwonetsa magawo ake onse, momwe mungabzalidwe mbeu za phwetekere.

M'nkhaniyi, tikukuuzani za zovuta zonse za mbeu za tomato zomwe zimamera ndikubzala m'nthaka, ndikupatseni chithandizo cha momwe mungapewere zolakwika.

Kumera mbewu za phwetekere

Choyamba, muyenera kusankha mbewu yoyenera.. Zilibe kanthu kuti mbewuzo zidagulidwa m'sitolo, zogulidwa "ndi manja" kapena zokonzedwa kuti zisungidwe mosasunthika, magulu ena adzakhala othandiza kwambiri, pamene ena akhoza kukhala ofooka komanso otchedwa "opanda kanthu". Pofuna kufufuza izi, amayesedwa kuti ayambe kumera, atengedwa kukhala amoyo komanso osakanikirana (kuyesedwa ndi kukula ndi maonekedwe).

Mbewuzo zimachiritsidwa: zotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zowumitsa ndi zolimbikitsidwa, ndiyeno zimapita patsogolo kumera. Pachifukwachi mungagwiritse ntchito nsalu, gauze kapena, mwachitsanzo, thonje. Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala opangira mapepala.

Thandizo Mbewu za kupanga fakitale, zokhala ndi zofiira, buluu kapena zobiriwira, zidutsa kale maphunziro onse oyenera, ndipo sizikusowa kukonza zina.

Madzi oundana pansi pa nyembayi amaikidwa mu chidebe cha pulasitiki kapena chophimba ndi polyethylene ndipo amasiya m'chipinda chozizira kwa masiku angapo, makamaka 3-4. Kuwonekera kwa mphukira yaing'ono kumatanthauza kukonzekera kwa mbewu za kubzala.

Nchifukwa chiyani izi zachitidwa?

Kumera kwa mbewu sikuli kovomerezeka, koma olima ndiwo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito izo, chifukwa ndi zofunika kwambiri:

• Mbeu zosamera za tomato zakanidwa pasadakhale;
• ndondomekoyi imathandizira kukula kwa kukula: kusiyana ndi mbewu zosadziwika kungakhale kuchokera masiku 2-3 mpaka 7 kapena kuposerapo;
• Mbeu pamapeto pake zimakhala zovuta komanso zowonjezereka;
• mbande zimaonekera mofanana, ndipo kusamalira mbande pa siteji imodzi ya kukula n'kosavuta.

Chiwerengero cha kumera mukadzadzala mbewu zowonjezereka ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Mwinamwake chosowa chokha cha njira iyi ndikuti kumafuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi molondola.

Kufika koyamba

Nthaka ndi mbeu zikakonzedwa, njere zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena muzitsamba za mbande. Dziko lapansi limagwedezeka ndikukhazikitsidwa - chifukwa ichi, monga lamulo, laling'ono lamtengo wapatali kapena, mwachitsanzo, wolamulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mutabzala, zitsamba ndi mbande zamtsogolo zimadzazidwa ndi filimu yopanda kuwala, mwachitsanzo, polyethylene.

Njira yoyamba

1. Mapulani a matabwa amathiridwa pansi, opitirira 5-10mm pansi: pochita zimenezi, mizere imapangidwira, kuphwanya malo kumabedi.
2. Mbewu imabzalidwa pamtunda mtunda wa masentimita 1, pakati pa mabedi ndi okwanira kupanga 2.5-3 masentimita.
3. Pambuyo pake, amawapopera ndi kuwaza ndi nthaka mumtunda wa 8 mm kuti adzichepetse ndipo 1.5 masentimita a mitundu yayitali.

Njira yachiwiri

1. Nthaka pamwamba igawanika m'magalimoto a 4 × 4 cm.
2. Pakatikati mwa iliyonse imatha kupuma kwa 1.5 masentimita, momwe mbeu zitatu zimayikidwa, pambuyo pake mpweyawo umaloledwa ndi wosakanizidwa ndi chithandizo chamanja.

Masana, m'pofunika kusunga kutentha kwa 20-24 ° С, usiku - +18 ° С. Kutentha kwake kwa tomato ndi +25 ° C.

Kulowa m'nthaka

Musanadzalemo, m'pofunikira kukonzekera nthaka kusakaniza kapena kudula nthaka, kupiritsa mankhwala, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, yonjezerani feteleza, onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa nyengo ndi koyenera kuti chomera chikule ndikulephera kugona, yang'anani kusagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha nthaka.

Nthaka

Dothi losakaniza limagulidwa kapena kupangidwa palokha powerengera gawo limodzi la nkhuni, peat ndi humus. Ngati dzikolo likukonzekera mbande, tikulimbikitsanso kuti mukhale ndi utuchi wa utuchi.

Kunthaka sikunali kolemetsa kwambiri chifukwa cha mphukira, imapanganso mchenga, wotumizidwa m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewu, peresenti ya gawo limodzi la magawo asanu.

Simungathe kutenga malowa, omwe ali pafupi ndi minda yothirira ndi madzi: zikhoza kukhala zoopsa. Kuchuluka kwake kwa chisakanizo cha kubzala mbewu ndi 4-5 masentimita.

Mbewu zikakonzedweratu kuti zidumphire, chovala chapamwamba chimawonjezeredwa ku nthaka, chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi phosphorous, magnesium, boron, potassium, molybdenum, manganese, mkuwa ndi nitrojeni: 1 tbsp. supuni ya mchere feteleza kwa 10-12 makilogalamu nthaka osakaniza.

Masiku awiri musanadzalemo, nthaka imatetezedwa mwachitsulo.: potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate) imasungunuka m'madzi otentha ndi okhetsedwa.

Nthawi yabwino

Nthaŵi yobzala mbewu makamaka zimadalira komwe amalima akukula. Kulima pamalo otseguka sikuyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, kumapangidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena chidebe cha mbande kuyambira pa February 18-20 mpaka 10-15 mwezi wotsatira. Masiku oyenera kwambiri ayenera kukhazikitsidwa, kupitilira pazinthu zina: kalasi ya tomato, zizindikiro za nyengo, zochitika zakunja za kulima.

Council Pazifukwa zonse, ndizofunika kutsatira nthawi yoyendetsera nthawi yomwe imapangidwa ndi wopanga: nthawi zambiri mfundoyi imalembedwa mwachindunji mu thumba la mbewu kapena m'malemba omwe ali mkati.

Anamera mphukira

Pamene masamba awiri oyambirira akuchokera pansi, zomera zimayenera kupereka kuwala kokwanira. Zida zomwe zimakhala ndi mbande zikulimbikitsidwa kuikidwa pafupi ndi zenera.. Ngati chodzala chinachitidwa mu February, onsewa komanso wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhazikitsidwa.

Pachifukwa ichi, kwa masiku asanu, kutentha kumayenera kukhala kuyambira +14 mpaka +16 ° C masana mpaka 12 ° C usiku, pambuyo pake kuyenera kukwezedwa ku msinkhu wapitawo. Pambuyo kumera kwa zomera zonse, zomera ziyenera kudyetsedwa, kusinthana organic ndi mchere feteleza mu mawonekedwe a madzi.

Kufesa malangizo

Mitengo yambiri imathamanga: pamodzi ndi clod ya padziko lapansi amaikamo m'mapulasitiki (mwachitsanzo, makapu), kenako amaikidwa pa pallets ndi utuchi wa 2-3 masentimita ndipo amadzaza ndi kusakaniza kumene mbewuzo zimamera. Pambuyo posankha zomera mukhoza kusamala mosamala.

Ngati masamba a mbande ali mdima, ndipo tsinde ndi laufupi wofiira, zomera sizimasowa chakudya chochepa. Apo ayi, feteleza ayenera kuwonjezeredwa masiku asanu ndi awiri asanamwe.

Masiku atatu asanadzalemo m'munsi masamba amachotsedwa. Zitsime zakuya 10-15 masentimita ndizodzadzaza ndi nthaka yothirira ndi kuthira ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi a potassium permanganate obiriwira obiriwira owonjezera ma disinfection.

Ngati chisa chokonzekera chikukonzekera kubzala, ndiye pamtunda wa 80x80 masentimita, 2-3 zomera zapansi kapena 2 zomera zamtali mitundu.

Mukhozanso kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pamalo otseguka kuti mupitirize kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera zonse popanda kubzala. Pachifukwa ichi, mtunda wa pakati pa mabowo ndi mbeu umasungidwa 2-3 masentimita ndi masentimita 7 mpaka 10. Mbewu iliyonse imayikidwa pamphepete mwa mbeu ziwiri. Mbande mu chisa chimodzi chiyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi zosiyanasiyana.

Zolakwitsa zotheka ndi machenjezo

1. Mbeu zowonongeka zimafunika chithandizo choyenera kwambiri: pamene msana wawonongeka, mphukira siidzawoneka. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa panthawi yomwe imamera (kuonetsetsa kuti mizu siimata) komanso pakabzala.
2. Pakufika, ndikofunikira kuti mukhalebe mtunda woyenera pakati pa mabowo ndi mabedi. Pofesa kwambiri, zomera sizikhoza kupeza chakudya chokwanira, mpweya ndi madzi ndi kuchepa. Kapena pitani kukula mofulumira pakufuna kuwala mpaka kuwononga zipatso.
3. Musatuluke molawirira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuyembekezera nthaka ndi mlengalenga kutentha mokwanira, ndi kuzizira sikuchitika usiku. Ngati kuzizira kwambiri, chomeracho "chidzagona." Kukula kwa kuchepa kulikonse kungapangitse kuchulukitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu zamtsogolo.
4. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mbeu sizowonjezereka kwambiri, kuchokera pamene ziphuphu ziyenera kukwera pamwamba pa nthawi yaitali komanso zovuta. Kuthirira nthaka kuyenera kuchitidwa musanafike, kuti mbewu zisagwe. Pambuyo pake, chinyezi chingasinthidwe pophimba mbewu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito sprayer. Ndikokwanira kuti asaike m'minda yaing'ono, koma kungosakaniza nthaka.
5. Ngati dothi silinasinthe, likhoza kuchititsa matenda ndi matenda a mbewu ndi zomera.
6. Mu nthaka yolemera, zimamera zidzakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mosavuta, zimayamba kukula.
7. Musanafike pamtsinje ndi pambuyo pake muyenera kutsatira mkhalidwe wa nthaka. Oxygen imalowa mu nthaka yonyowa kwambiri, yomwe imadzaza ndi kuchepetsa kukula komanso ngakhale imfa ya mbewu, ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kuti iwo apite kumtunda. Ndiponso, chinyezi chowonjezera chimayambitsa nkhungu. Kuti mupewe izi, mutatha kutsika, nkofunikira kuyendetsa kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku, kuchotsa chivundikiro.
8. Ngati nyemba zimakhala zosavutikira pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira, dothi liyenera kudzazidwa ndi masentimita 1-1.5 Kuti musapeze izi, simungathe kumwa madzi, koma mutenge.
9. Ngati zomera zimabzalidwa kutseguka pansi, kutentha kwa +26 ° C ndi pamwamba, filimuyo iyenera kubwezeretsedwa kumbali.

Tomato ndi chizoloŵezi chosavuta kuswana, chomwe onse opanga masewera ndi oyambitsa amasangalala ndi zosangalatsa.