Mbali za kukula kwa letesi - malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira, njira zothetsera matenda ndi tizirombo

Letesi nthawi zina amatchedwanso anyezi, koma chikhalidwechi sichikugwirizana ndi banja la anyezi. Kulima chikhalidwechi kuli ndi mbali inayake.

Mwinamwake, dzinali likuwonekera chifukwa chakuti ngati mutagwira saladi m'munda nthawi yaying'ono, imakhala ndi mkwiyo wodabwitsa.

M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane letesi, onani chithunzi, momwe chimakulira, fufuzani zomwe zimapanga kulima ndi njira zothetsera matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Ndi mitundu iti yomwe imakula bwino?

Leafy

• Mpira wa rasipiberi;
• Levistro;
• Constance;
• Chingwe;
• Lembani;
• Pang'ono;
• Anthony;
• Rubett;
• Chowonekera;
• Korali;
• Choyera;
• Grenada;
• Kucheryavets Odessa;
• Lollo Blonda;
• Lollo Rossa;
• Lulu;
• Lollo Gorbi.

Kabbages

• Limodzi;
• Olzhich;
• Mulungu;
• Akulu;
• Senema;
• Laravera;
• Romain.

Kodi n'zotheka kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo pamodzi?

N'zotheka kuphatikiza mitundu mu bedi limodzi, ngati mtunda woyenera kuti chitukuko cha zomera chikhalebe, popeza kuti makulidwe a zomera salola kulekerera.

Chithunzi

Mudzawona pa chithunzi momwe letesi likukula:

Momwe mungabzalidwe mutseguka?

Mbande kubzala mabokosi obzalidwa pakati pa mwezi wa May, musanayambe kusunthira, chifukwa chomera sichidzalekerera kutentha kutentha panthawiyo. M'nyengo yotentha kubzala mochedwa mitundu kugonjetsedwa ndi mfuti.

Saladi zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza zimafesedwa masiku 15-20, zikuyendetsedwa - katatu: mu kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa June ndi pakati pa July. Mbeu zafesedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mphukira yaing'ono imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -2, ndipo ikulu ndi yamphamvu ku -5.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji nthaka ndi zomwe mungagule?

Nthaka yofesa letesi sayenera kukhala yochuluka. Kusaloŵerera kapena zamchere kumakonda. Kuchuluka kwa acidity m'nthaka kungakonzedwe mwa kuwonjezera ufa wa laimu kapena dolomite, pamtunda wa awiri mpaka mazana awiri mphambu makumi asanu pa mita iliyonse.

Pofuna kubweretsa chonde pa kugwa, m'pofunikira kufalitsa kompositi kapena manyowa pa mlingo wa ndowa imodzi kapena ziwiri pa mita imodzi. Chomera chabwino kwambiri cha nthaka ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka, humus ndi mchenga. Njira ina ndi nthaka ya dothi, kokonati ndi biohumus. Mukhoza kugula zokonzedwa bwino - malo abwino kwa mbewu zamasamba. Mtengo wa dothi lalitali zisanu ndi imodzi ku Moscow umasiyana pakati pa 52 ndi 72 rubles, malingana ndi wopanga, ku St. Petersburg kuyambira 50 mpaka 63 rubles.

Maboti, dothi lophwanyika, njerwa zosweka kapena miyala yaing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngalande ya malo ophikira.

Kufesa mbewu

Mbeu za letesi ndizochepa, zakuda. Mutha kudziunjikira nokha kapena kugula m'sitolo. Mbewu iyenera kusankhidwa.mwa kuchotsa mbewu zonse zowonongeka ndi ndondomeko. Kwa disinfection ayenera kuikidwa kwa mphindi 15-20 m'madzi pa kutentha kwa madigiri makumi asanu. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo kwa mphindi zitatu zimakhala m'madzi ozizira, kenako zimachotsedwa ndi zouma.

Kufesa kumachitika motere:

1. Nthaka isanayambe kufesa imayenera kuthira ndi kumasula.
2. Pangani bedi.
3. Kwa mitundu yochepa yochepa, pakati pa zomera ziyenera kukhala masentimita 20, kwazitali mamita 30 cm.
4. Mbewu imamizidwa ku kuya kwa 1-2 masentimita.
5. Gona tulo.
6. Kuthirira koyamba kumachitika masiku awiri.

Kuyambira mbande

Osadziwika kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mbewu, njira yobweretsera. Chovuta choyamba ndicho kusankha tsiku lofesa, chifukwa kutentha kwa saladi ndi koopsa, koma mbande ziyenera kusunthidwa kutsegula pansi pa masabata awiri a zaka. Choncho Kufesa kumachitika masabata awiri mphindi isanafike pamene kutentha kwabwino kukuyenera kukhazikitsidwa.

Vuto lachiwiri ndilokuti saladi sichimalola kulowerera. Choncho, chitsanzo chotsatira chotsatira chidzakhala chabwino:

1. Mbewu ya mbande imayenera kufesa mu poto kapena pepala.
2. Zimamera zamasamba ndi manyowa mu sabata limodzi ndi fetereza yovuta kwambiri.
3. Zomera zoyera - kusinthiratu mphukira kunja.
4. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, chomeracho chiyenera kuoneka ngati kamtengo kakang'ono ka masamba - zikutanthauza kuti ndi nthawi yosunthira kutsegula pansi.

Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji kunyumba?

Letesi imatha kuthera pakhomo, m'nyengo yachilimwe komanso m'nyengo yozizira. Sikoyenera kutenga kulima kwa ma kabichi - ndizovuta kwambiri. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yolima kulima ndi Batavia.

Letesi ndi yabwino kwambiri ponena za kuwala, choncho miphika ya zomera imayikidwa pawindo pazenera kapena kum'mwera chakum'maŵa. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kukonza kuunikira kwina.

Kufika kwa njira ndiko motere.:

1. Monga chidebe chobzala, ndi bwino kusankha poto ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi madzi okwanira imodzi mpaka awiri ndi kuya kwa masentimita 10-35 ndi kukhalapo kwa mabowo.
2. Sakanizani nthaka ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate ndipo mudzaze poto, osati kufika pamphepete 2.5 - 3 masentimita.
3. M'nthaka, phulani makilogalamu asanu, mtunda wa pakati pa mizera iyenera kukhala masentimita khumi.
4. Mu malo a groove mbewu ndi kuwaza ndi zochepa za dziko lapansi. Kuphatikizidwa pang'ono.
5. Mphika uli ndi phukusi kuti apange malo otentha ndikuyika pamalo amdima.
6. Pamene zikumera, thumba likuchotsedwa ndipo limasamukira kumtunda pawindo.

Kodi zikukula mofulumira kunyumba ndi kumunda?

Chikhalidwe ndi kukula msinkhu, kotero kuti nthawi zonse mukhale ndi masamba pamene mukukula kunyumba, letesi liyenera kubzalidwa kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Pamalo otseguka, zomera zimakula kufika mwezi mutatha kubzala mbewu.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?

• Ngati kubzala kwa letesi kudzakulirakulira, sikungatheke kukolola mbewu yabwino, chikhalidwe chimafuna kupatulira. Chitani kawiri. Sabata yoyamba kutuluka kwa mphukira zoyamba, kusiya mtunda pakati pa 1-2 masentimita, nthawi yachiwiri pambuyo pa mapangidwe awiri masamba enieni, mtunda wa pakati pa zomera zazing'ono uyenera kukhala masentimita 4-5.
• Kuthirira kumakhala kochuluka, ndipo chomera chinyontho sichikwanira. Koma sizingakhale zofunikira kudula nthaka mochuluka - zidzatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndi mizu ya m'munsi.
• Pamene mukukula pakhomo, mpweya wamkati ndi masamba zimatulutsidwa ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi.
• Kupaka pamwamba kumabweretsa kamodzi pamasabata awiri. Manyowa oyenera kwa zomera zamkati. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza ndi kochepa, letesi ikhoza kusonkhanitsa nitrates. Mukhozanso kupanga manyowa.
• Chomeracho chimakhala chokonda kwambiri, pamene chipinda chokhala m'dzinja-nthawi yachisanu chidzafuna nyali za dosvechivanie fulorosenti, zomwe ziyenera kuikidwa pa kutalika kwa masentimita 50-60 kuchokera ku chomeracho ndipo zimaphatikizapo maola awiri ndi awiri. Pafupifupi, maola a masana ayenera kukhala maola khumi ndi awiri kapena khumi ndi asanu.
• Kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa +15 digiri, saladi imakonda kukongola, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumabweretsa kuyanika kwa masamba omwe amachititsa mfuti.

Nthawi yokolola?

Letesi mofulumira limakula amadyera, Kuchokera ku mitundu ya masamba, mukhoza kukolola masiku khumi mutengapo chomeracho. Pamene mukukolola, mwina amachotsedwa kapena masamba omwe ali kunja amachotsedwa. Pambuyo pa milungu inayi, chomera chimayamba kuwombera, chimachotsedwa ndikufesa chikuchitikanso pamalo ano.

Mutu wa letesi umatengedwa kuti ndi wokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mutatha mutu. Mukhoza kudziwa izi mwa kukanikiza pakati, ngati ndi wandiweyani - saladi ndi wokonzeka kudya. Kukolola makamaka kumachitika m'mawa ndipo sikuvomerezedwa kuti tichite mutatha kuthirira.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

• Perinosporosis - Umatchedwanso mildy mildy. Choopsa kwambiri ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa zomera zazing'ono. Pamunsi mwa masamba, pambali zawo zapamwamba, mawonekedwe achikasu a mawonekedwe osasintha amapangidwa. Pang'onopang'ono amakula ndikuyamba mthunzi wofiirira, kuphatikiza ndipo masamba amayamba kufa. Matendawa ndi fungal, choncho pamunsi mwa masamba mumatha kuona spores wa bowa-pathogen, akuwoneka ngati lotayirira lamba woyera.

  Njira zowononga ndikuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa zomera zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi chithandizo cha zomera zomwe zili ndi mankhwala. Ngati kugonjetsedwa kulibe mphamvu, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe odziwika, mwachitsanzo, kuwaza zomera ndi adyo kulowetsedwa kapena masamba.

• Septoria. Matenda a fungus omwe amakhudza masamba, mbewu, ndi mayesero. Awonetsedwa mwa mawonekedwe a brownish a mawonekedwe osasintha. Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera fungicidal.
• Bakiteriya kuona. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a phytopathogenic. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika pamene landings yakhazikika. Amadziwika ngati mawonekedwe a madzi, omwe pamapeto pake amatembenukira bulauni ndi kukula. Mapepala amauma ndi kufa. Nkhondo ikuchitika ndi kukonzekera komwe kuli ndi mkuwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza.
• Matenda a phytoplasmic. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa matendawa ndi bowa, zomera zimasiya kukula, zosiyana sizimasonyeza zomwe zingatheke. Mungathe kumenyana ndi thandizo la mankhwala ophera fungicidal.
• Matenda a chiwindi. Masamba otchinga ndi makwinya. Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi maatodes. Nkhondoyo ikuchitika ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Tizilombo

• Tsinde la saladi Aphid - amadyetsa masamba, chifukwa amatha kupotoza ndi letesi kumasiya kukula. Limbani ndi tizirombo ndi tsamba la tomato tincture losakaniza ndi sopo.
• Slugs - idyani chomera, kuti chife. Mukhoza kumenyana nawo mothandizidwa ndi misampha ya matabwa. Slugs akukwawa pansi pao ndipo akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa.

Kodi mungateteze bwanji ku matenda ndi tizirombo?

• Onetsetsani kuti kulima njuchi zamagetsi.
• Kusankha mitundu yabwino, ndikuyang'ana dera ndi nyengo.
• Mukamera mbande, biofungicides ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa siteji yosakaniza nthaka.
• Letesi oyambirira sayenera kunyamula matenda.

Kukula letesi kumunda, ndi malo okhalamo, chinthu chokondweretsa kwambiri. Kuphuka mwamsanga kwa mbewu ndi njira zosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono zidzalola ngakhale woyamba munda kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.