Katemera wa peyala

Kugawidwa kwa peyala ndi peyala nthawi zina kumakhala kofunikira pakafunika kusintha mitunduyo, kukulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamalowo popanda kubzala mitengo yatsopano komanso mwa ena. Olima ambiri oyambira m'minda amaopa kuyambitsa opareshoni, poganiza kuti ndizovuta kwambiri. Tiyesetsa kuthetsa mantha awo.

Katemera wa peyala

Posakhalitsa, nthawi ikadzafika pamene wosamalira mundayo aganiza zophatikiza mitengo yazipatso. Zifukwa za izi zingakhale zosiyana. Tiyeni tikambirane za momwe mungabyalare peyala.

Kodi ndizotheka kubzala peyala

Inde mungathe. Amadziwika kuti kuphatikiza kwa scion ndi stock kwambiri pakati pa mbewu zamtundu womwewo. Nthawi zambiri, mapeyala a mitundu yosagwira chisanu, yolimba, Ussuri peyala ndi zakutchire amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu.

Chonde ndi mbewu yomwe gawo (masamba, phesi) la mbewu ina ikukula. Ankalumikiza ndi mphukira kapena thunthu la chomera chodzalidwa, chomera pamtengo.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Kulandidwa ndi peyala kumakhala ndiubwino wina:

• Kupulumuka kwabwino komanso kufanana.
• Kuwongolera machitidwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolimba yozizira-yolimba ngati sitoko.
• Kuthamanga kwa chiyambi cha zipatso ngati mutalumikizidwa mu korona wa mtengo wachikulire.
• Kutha kukhala pamtengo umodzi kapena ziwiri mitundu yamapichesi.
• Kutha kusintha mwachangu peyala yopanda phindu posinthira nthambi za chigoba.

Zoyipa zam'matangadza a peyala poyerekeza ndi ena sizinapezeke.

Momwe mungapereke katemera ku mapeyala amtchire ndi zakutchire

Nthawi yomweyo, tikuwona kuti palibe kusiyana mu njira ndi njira yolumikizirana pa mitundu yamitengo yamtchire komanso yamtchire. Chifukwa chake, kuwasiyanitsa pakufotokozera sikumveka.

Malangizo. Musanachite katemera aliwonse ofotokozedwa pansipa, ndikofunikira kuyeserera pazomera zakutchire kuti mukhale ndi luso lofunikira.

Kubera

Awa ndi dzina la kukhazikitsidwa kwa chomera cholumikizidwa mu chitsa cha impso. Itha kuchitika mwina kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yamasika nthawi yogwira, kapena theka lachiwiri la chilimwe (koyambirira kwa Ogasiti), pomwe gawo lachiwiri la cambial wosanjikiza limayamba. Ndi magawo a scion ndi stock omwe amayenera kuphatikizidwa kwakukulu pamene vaccinations ikuchitika. Kukonzeka kwa mtengo kuti udzu kumatsimikizika ndi kulekanitsa khungwa ndi mtengo mosavuta.

Mukamapanga katemera, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza zigawo za cambial za scion ndi chitsa monga momwe mungathere.

Chitani maluwa pamtambo motere:

1. Patsiku la katemera, dulani mphukira yaying'ono pa peyala ya mitundu yosankhidwa.
2. Sankhani malo ogwirira kumtengowo kuti akhale chitsa - ayenera kukhala patali masentimita 10-15 kuchokera pa khosi la chomera chaching'ono (kapena mtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10 kuchokera kumunsi kwa nthambi pomwe machitidwe omwe akakamizidwa kulowa korona wa mtengo). M'madera okhala ndi chipale chofewa kwambiri, kuti muwonetsetse kulimba bwino kwa nyengo yozizira, tsamba la katemera limasankhidwa kutalika kwa mita imodzi. Poterepa, impso zonse m'munsimu ndi khungu.
3. Impso yokhala ndi nkhuni yopyapyala (2-3 mm) ndi gawo la makungwa 12-14 mm kutalitali imadulidwa kuchokera ku mphukira yomwe yatuta ndi tsamba lakuthwa kapena mpeni. Chidutswachi chimatchedwa kuti wamaluwa.
4. Pamalo osankhidwa, mawonekedwe a T-mawonekedwe kapena kagawo amapangika, ofanana kukula ndi dera la chifupacho.
5. Ikani chishango mu chovalacho kapena chodulira, akanikizani ndikulunga ndi tepi yolukidwa, ndikusiya impso.
   
   

   Okulirovanie amathera nyengo yamvula

Kuphukira kwa masika kumachitika ndi diso lakukula - pambuyo pa opaleshoni, limayamba kukula msanga. M'chilimwe, diso logona limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limangomera mchaka chamawa.

Njira Ankalumikiza

Katemera ndi zodulidwa zimachitika makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe isanayambike kuyamwa. M'madera osiyanasiyana, masiku amasiyana kuyambira pakati pa Marichi kumadera akumwera mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo kumadera akumpoto. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwakukulu kopulumuka kumatheka. Zidula izi zimakololedwa mu kugwa, kudula nthambi zoyenera ndi kutalika masentimita 20-30 ndi masamba atatu kapena anayi olimba. Ndikwabwino kuzisunga m'chipinda chapansi kapena mufiriji pamtunda wa + 2-5 ° C.

Kukopera

Iyi ndi njira ya katemera momwe ma diameter a scion ndi stock ali ofanana kapena scion imachepera pang'ono. Poterepa, ma diameter a mphukira zowongoka ayenera kukhala mulingo kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 15 mamilimita. Siyanitsani pakati pazosavuta komanso zowonjezera (serif), komanso kuzilemba ndi chishalo. Nawo malangizo a pang'onopang'ono oti akwaniritse:

1. Pazinthu zolumikizidwa za mmerowo, magawo ofanana amapangika 3-4 cm kutalika kwa 20-25 °. Kapangidwe ka magawo kumatengera njira yomwe mwasankha:
   • Kwa yosavuta - wamba yosalala.
   • Zakusintha - mabala owonjezera amapangidwa pamagawo.
   • Ndi chishalo - nsanja imadulidwa pa scion, yomwe imayikidwa pamtengo.
2. Lumikizani magawo pamodzi.
3. Kukulani malo katemera ndi tepi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tepi yamagetsi yokhala ndi zomata kunja kapena tepi ya sera.
4. Dulani mapesi kumtengowo, ndikusiya masamba atatu. Phatikizani malo odulidwa ndi var var.
5. Amayika thumba la pulasitiki pachikepe ndi kumangirira pansi pamalowo. Mu phukusi pangani timabowo tingapo tating'onoting'ono. Izi ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chinyontho choyenera, chomwe chimapereka kupulumuka bwino. Phukusili limachotsedwa pambuyo pa miyezi 1-2.
   

   Kukopa ndikosavuta, ndikukhala ndi chishalo

Gawani katemera

Katemera wotere kutha kuchitika pa mizu yokhala ndi mainchesi 8 mpaka 100 mamilimita. Dongosolo la scion pankhaniyi silingagwirizane ndi mainchesi a sitoko. Ndikusiyana kwakukulu m'mimba imodzi, mutha kubzala nthambi zingapo za peyala. Komabe, zimatha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mndandanda wa zochita uli motere:

1. Thunthu limadulidwa mbali yakumanja pamalo osankhidwa. Pakupewa katemera pa nthambi, imadulidwa pafupi ndi maziko momwe ingathere.
2. Pakati pakudula, gwiritsani ntchito mpeni kapena nkhwangwa kuti mugawe thunthulo mpaka masentimita atatu. Pazida lalikulu, awiri splits amatha kupangika pamtunda kapena kufanana.
3. Mangani kusiyana kwake ndi wedge kapena screwdriver.
4. Kumapeto kwa chogwirira kumadulidwa, ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe. Lowetsani mwala, osayiwala kuphatikiza zigamba za cambial, ndikuchotsa wedge. Zotsatira zake, thunthu ilo limamangidwa mwamphamvu mu splinter.
   

   Pankhani ya mainchesi wamkulu wamatumbo, zodula zingapo zitha kumanikizidwa mu mzere

5. Ndipo, mwachizolowezi, amakonza katemera ndi tepi, ndikudula phesi kwa masamba atatu, ndikuwaphika ndi mitundu ya m'munda ndikuyika mini-hotbed kuchokera ku thumba la pulasitiki.
   

   Katemera wamalowo amapaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi var var.

Katemera wa makungwa

Njira yake ndi yofanana ndi yoyamba ija, koma izi sizikuwononga mtengo wa chitsa. Kuti mukule zodula pamenepa, khungwa limadula ndi kugwada, lomwe amaloledwa kudula. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nthambi zazifupi zazikulu, kumalumikizana nthawi imodzi mpaka kudula zinayi. Mungachite bwanji:

1. Chepetsa thunthu kapena nthambi chimodzimodzi ndi njira yakale.
2. Kudula kolimba kwa khungwa kumapangidwa pamodzi ndi cambial wosanjikiza masentimita 4-5 mulitali wani mpaka anayi - malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa omwe adadulidwa - mofananira motsatira mainchesi a thunthu (nthambi).
3. Kumapeto kumapeto kwa zodula, pangani oblique odulidwa 3-4 cm kutalika ndi sitepe.
4. Ikani zodula kumbuyo kwa khungwa, kuwukuta modekha ndikuphatikiza zigawo za cambium.
   

   Ikani zodula kumbuyo kwa khungwa, kuwukuta modekha ndikuphatikiza zigawo za cambium

5. Njira zotsatirazi ndizofanana ndi njira zam'mbuyomu.

Katemera wamba

Kuti katemera agwire ntchito ndi kuchuluka kopulumuka, ayenera kutsatira izi:

• Kuti mugwire ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito zida zakuthwa zokha (zida zowerengetsera, mipeni yophimba, satifiketi ya m'munda, kuphatikiza ma secateurs, ma hacksaw, axes).
• Musanayambe ntchito, chidacho chiyenera kupakidwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi 1% yankho la mkuwa wa sodium, mowa, kapena 1% yankho la hydrogen peroxide.
• Magawo onse amachitidwa musanapange katemera. Nthawi kuyambira pomwe kudula kunachitika kuti kuphatikiza kwa scion ndi stock sikuyenera kupitilira mphindi imodzi.
• Mimba yogwiritsidwa ntchito ya mundawo siyenera kuphatikiza mafuta ndi zinthu zina zoyeretsa mafuta. Pazomwezi, pali mankhwala omwe amachokera pazinthu zachilengedwe (lanolin, njuchi, resiferous resin).
  

  Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito dimba var pamtundu wa zosakaniza zachilengedwe

• M'chaka choyamba, katemera ayenera kutetezedwa kuti apulumuke.

Zithunzi Zazithunzi: Chida cha Katemera

Kanema: Ntchito yolumikizira mitengo yazipatso

Njira za katemera wa peyala zomwe zikukambidwa zilipo kwa omwe akungoyamba kumene ntchito. Kuphunzitsa mu mitengo yamtchire kumawonjezera chidaliro mu kupambana kwake. Ndipo pambuyo pa ntchito yoyamba yopambana, kuyesa kwatsopano kumatsatiradi mbali yosangalatsayi.