Malo ozungulira: kodi n'zotheka kudzala nkhaka ndi tomato mumodzi wowonjezera kutentha pamodzi ndi momwe mungachitire?

Ntchito yomanga wowonjezera kutentha ndi yokondweretsa, ndipo olima amodzi amadzipangira okha zosiyana za mbewu za masamba. Kawirikawiri pamakhala kufunika kolima mbewu zomwe zili ndi zosiyana.

Ambiri amaluwa amadzimadzi amadzifunsa ngati n'zotheka kupanga zinthu zotere ndi microclimate kuti nkhaka ndi tomato zimve bwino mu chipinda chomwecho. Zomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso zobzala zobzala ziwiri mu wowonjezera kutentha zidzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi n'zotheka kulima mbewu pamodzi mu wowonjezera kutentha?

Kodi ndizofunika?

Tomato ndi nkhaka ndi mbewu zosiyana, choncho akafunsidwa ngati angabzalidwe pafupi, yankho n'lotheka, koma izi zidzetsa mavuto ena.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, kutentha kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa kuunikira, chiwerengero cha kuvala kwa mbewu iliyonse ndi chosiyana - muyenera kupeza njira yothetsera mikhalidwe kwa aliyense wa iwo. Mu microclimate yosayenera, zomera nthawi zambiri zimadwala ndi kufota, choncho vuto lalikulu ndi kusanganikirana kwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zokula.

Olima munda, omwe amadalira zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri, sayenera kubzala nkhaka ndi tomato palimodzi. Koma omwe amakhudzidwa ndi ndondomeko yokha, osati kuchuluka kwa mbeu mu kilogalamu, n'zosatheka kuchita izi zovuta, koma chinthu chokondweretsa.

Zabwino ndi zamwano

Pamene zikhalidwe izi zili pafupi, zotsatira zolakwika izi zikudziwika:

• zomera zimasokonezana wina ndi mnzake;
• ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu teknoloji yaulimi;
• kumafuna kulengedwa kwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana.

Zina mwa zinthu zabwino, ndizotheka kuzindikira kuti kukhala nawo malo kumapulumutsa kwambiri malo, ndi njira yabwino yosinthira ndiwo zamasamba pa unit. Kuwonjezera apo, miyambo yosiyanasiyana imaletsa kuthetsa kwa nthaka unilaterally, yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kukoma kwa chipatso. Chotsutsana kwambiri ndi chakuti ndizopindulitsa kwa mlimi kumanga nyumba imodzi yokha.

Ntchito yokonzekera

Kodi kukhala wowonjezera kutentha kumayenera kukhala kotani?

Mafuta a thermophilic amatenga mbali ya kumwera kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Nkhaka zimagwirizanitsa kumpoto, monga kuchokera kumalo osuntha a dzuwa masamba a chomera amafota. Ngati wowonjezera kutentha ali pafupi ndi nyumba ina, ndiye bwino kuika nkhaka mmalo momwe mthunzi wa nyumba yoyandikana nayo imagwera.

Opambana kutentha kwa yogwira kukula kwa tomato - 21-26⁰С, ngakhale masambawa amanyamula bwino ndi kutentha. Amafunikanso kuthamanga nthawi zonse ndipo samasowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.

Nkhaka, m'malo mwake, amafuna nthawi zonse chinyezi ndi mkulu chinyezi mu chipinda. Iwo samasowa kuuluka, kutentha kwa kukula ndi ovary ndi 19-23 ° C.

Koma ndi chimfine chozizira, zonse zimakhudzidwa usiku (pansi pa 18 ° C). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chinyezi chofunika cha nkhaka, chowopsya pamtambo wa tomato, mungu umakhala pamodzi, ndipo ngati kutentha kumadutsa 30⁰s, maluwa amatha kugwa. Wet microclimate kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda fungal mu tomato.

Onetsetsani kuti mupitirize kukhala kutali pakati pa zikhalidwe. Zimakhulupirira kuti malo omasuka amathandiza kuti chinyezi ndi kutentha, komanso masamba azitha kusunthira mozungulira mosavuta. Tomato amabzala pansi pa zitsulo kapena pakati pa wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo nkhaka ili kutali ndi khomo ndi mphepo, komanso pafupi ndi mpanda wowonjezera kutentha.

Kupatukana pakuika magawo osakanikirana omwe amalekanitsa masamba ndi othandiza kwambiri. Inde, mudzayenera kupereka zolowera ziwiri, koma monga chotsatira, chomera chilichonse chidzalandira chisamaliro ndi microclimate zomwe zimafunikira. Pofuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino ndikukula mbeu yabwino kwambiri ya tomato ndi nkhaka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito phando lopangidwa ndi wowonjezera polycarbonate kuti likhale logwirizanitsa ndikukula - ndi bwino kuti mufetse mbewu mmenemo ndipo zomera zimakhala zotentha kumeneko.

Ngati kupanga fakitale kulibe magawo a mkati, amapangidwa popanda polyethylene kapena plexiglas. Zigawo zoterezi zidzakuthandizani kusunga microclimate mosiyana ndi kukonza madzi okwanira.

Mitundu yapadera ya kulima kulima

Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuchokera kumbali ya tomato, njira yaikulu ndikumana ndi zovuta zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka kwa microclimate. Agronomists anapanga mtundu wosakanizidwa umene, ndi chitetezo chawo champhamvu, amalekerera kwambiri kutentha kwambiri.

Pakati pa tomato wotsutsa amasiyanitsa mitundu:

• Dubrava;
• De Barao Black;
• Mtengo wamtengo;
• Amuna;
• Union 8;
• Blizzard;
• Tsar Petro;
• La la fa;
• Chaka Chatsopano;
• Lark

Koma nkhaka, amasankha ozizira zosagwira ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri. Popeza kuti kutentha kwabwino kumachititsa matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka mosavuta ku tomato oyandikana nayo.

Nkhaka hybrids mosavuta kulekerera nthawi zonse airing, kotero n'kofunika tomato, ndipo amakana matenda ambiri.

Kuti kukula kokondana kusankhe mitundu:

• Masha;
• Leandro;
• Crane;
• Pindulani;
• Mfumukazi;
• Goosebump;
• Pasadena;
• Natalie;
• Thumb mnyamata;
• Usiku;
• Diva.

Ground

Kukonzekera kwa dzuŵa kumayamba m'dzinja, manyowa, humus, ndi nsonga zimayikidwa pamabedi. Onjezerani feteleza zovuta. Kuchokera kumwamba, zonse zimaphimbidwa ndi mtundana wa dziko lapansi, ndipo pamapeto pake nthaka yabwino ya ndiwo zamasamba idzakhala yokonzeka. Masabata angapo musanabzala nthaka mu wowonjezera kutenthedwa ndi motoPachifukwa ichi, ili ndi filimu yakuda ndipo khomo limatsekedwa mwamphamvu.

Kugwiritsira ntchito disinfection kumakhala malo ofunika pakukonzekera dothi; njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe mungapeze ndikuteteza nthaka ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate.

Inde, chifukwa chodzala mbande, ena amagwiritsa ntchito gawo logulidwa, koma mungathe kukonzekeretsanso izi:

1. Amatenga peat monga maziko, kuwonjezera humus, utuchi, mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 0.5.
2. Kenaka amachimba ndi kulemetsa ndi double superphosphate (supuni 2) ndi phulusa (0.5 makilogalamu).

Nthaka musanadzalemo feteleza ndi urea, potaziyamu sulfate ndi potaziyamu magnesia.

Momwe mungabzalidwe: malangizo ndi sitepe

Ndi kovuta kunena nthawi yoyenera kubzala zomera mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zimadalira nyengo ya dera, kutentha kwa nthaka, nyengo yolima ya kulima. Nkhaka ndizozizira kwambiri, ndipo zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April kufikira kumapeto kwa May, chifukwa nthawi yamadzulo ya kubzala imakhala kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 15 ° C, chimodzimodzi ndi nthaka.

Mbewu

1. Asanafese mbewu, amatsukidwa ndikuchotsedwa.
2. Pofuna kulimbikitsa zomera kukaniza kuzizira, kufesa kumazimitsidwa (kuziyika masiku ozizira kwa masiku angapo).
3. Amakhalanso ndi zakudya zomanga thupi ndi disinfection ndi manganese yankho (1%).
4. Kufulumizitsa kumera kwa mbeu zimathiridwa. Ndibwino kuti musaponyedwe m'madzi, koma kuti muzitha kuthira nyembazo ndi kukulunga mbewu. Ngati zokololazo ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, zidzaswa mkati mwa masiku asanu.
5. Kenaka amafesedwa m'mitsuko yokonzeka (makapu kapena mabokosi). Pochita izi, sungani pansi, sungani nyembazo, muziphimbe ndi gawo lochepa la gawo lapansi (0.5-1 masentimita).
6. Pofuna kupewa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kuthamanga kwa mbande, mbeuyo ili ndi filimu.
7. Pambuyo poonekera masamba 4-5 woona, mbande zimaikidwa pansi.

Mbande

Mbande zimafunika kuti zikhale zochepa komanso zowonongeka.Izi zimachitidwa kuchotsa mphukira zofooka ndi zosafunikira komanso kupereka kukula kwakukulu kwa kukula ndi chitukuko. Muphungu pang'onopang'ono adzakhala ofooka ndi ochepa.

Kutenga zokolola, kutenga mbande ziwiri ndikuziika pamalo okonzeka, osamala kuti asawononge mizu. Mukakulungira pansi, zitsime ndi mizere zakonzedwa pasadakhale. Mbande zimasindikizidwa mwachindunji ndi clod ya padziko pazu ndi mu nthaka yonyowa. Padziko lonse lapansi pali phokoso ndi madzi.

Nkhaka mbande zimalolera kuziyika mwamphamvu, mizu ndi yofooka kwambiri komanso yowopsya, choncho mukamagwiritsira ntchito njira ya mmera ndi bwino kutenga chidebe chopanda pansi, kapena chimodzi chomwe chingabzalidwe ndi mphukira (kapu ya pepala). Mukamabzala m'nthaka yokonzedwa, mbeu zouma zimayikidwa mumadziwe, osati mbeu 4-5 pa mita imodzi, kapena ndi mtunda pakati pa mbewu za masentimita 40.

Zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe a nkhaka ndi tomato, izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuthetsa chinyezi ndi kutentha - zabwino zomwe mungachite ndi 70% chinyezi ndi 25⁰С.
• Kukwanira kwakukulu kwa mipata ndi kubzala mbewu pamabedi osiyana, ndi njira iyi yopatulira ikhoza kubzalidwa mitundu yayitali ya tomato.
• Chitsulo chobiriwira mumtunda wowonjezera wowonjezera kutentha chidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi chinyezi chofunika.
• Pamaso pa gawo lothandizira zosiyana zosiyana ndi zosavuta.

Chithunzi

M'munsimu mungathe kuona momwe mbewuzo zimakhalira m'nyumba yotentha, pambuyo pake.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?

Kuthirira ndi fetereza

Pamaso maluwa, nkhaka imamwe madzi kamodzi pa masiku asanu, pamene pachimake - kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata, nthawi yotentha - tsiku lililonse, osati ozizira, koma madzi otentha. Zovala zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'moyo wonse wa chomera, pafupifupi nthawi imodzi m'masiku 7-10 (fetereza nthawi iliyonse - nthawi 5-6). Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza feteleza, ogwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo pa phukusi.

Tomato amathiridwa pazu, kamodzi pa sabata, poyang'ana kuyanika kwa pamwamba pa nthaka, monga momwe zilili ndi nkhaka, madzi amatengedwa kutentha. Kupaka pamwamba kumakhala kosakanikirana, motero amagwiritsa ntchito manyowa ndi nkhuku manyowa, superphosphate ndi phulusa. Urea ndi abwino. Feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo kuthirira masiku khumi ndi awiri.

Kukonza ndi kukumbina, pasynkovanie

Kuonjezera zokolola ndikukongoletsa kukoma kwa nkhaka, chitani ndi pasynkovanie. Kufikira theka la mita, zonsezi zimachotsedwa, pamwambapa - mphukira zakumapeto zimamveka pambuyo pa tsamba loyamba, pamtunda wa mamita 1.5, kukanikiza kumapeto kwa tsamba lachiwiri. Zimatuluka - pafupi ndi muzu, wamfupi amawombera.

Kupita kumayambira 4 masamba akuonekera pa tsinde. Maluwa ndi spikes onse owonjezera amapereka nsembe mpaka tsamba la khumi ndi limodzi liwoneke, kenako tsambani pamwamba.

Tomato amafunikanso kuti adzidwe, chifukwa amachotsa mphukira zowonongeka, kusiya mphukira yaikulu. Lembani pamwamba pambuyo pa zipatso zisanu ndi ziwiri za burashi. Kwa tomato wochepa, mukhoza kusiya tsinde 2-3.

Zojambula, zitapachikidwa

Liana nkhaka amangiriridwa sabata iliyonse. Kuti muchite izi, sungani zothandizira zapamwamba mpaka mamita imodzi ndi theka, pewani ukonde kapena twine. Pamene ikukula, tsinde imatsogoleredwa ndikupotoza mapasa, kenako nkuyikidwa pamwamba.

Garter wa tomato ikuchitika mu sabata pambuyo pa kutuluka. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito garter kuti ukhale wosiyana pa masentimita 15.

Kusamalira miyambo yosiyana kumakhalanso ndi zikhalidwe zake:

• Nkofunikira kuti muzitsuka ndi kupanga ma likanki a nkhaka panthawi yake kuti asadziteteze kapena kupanikizana ndi tomato.
• Mukamwetsa, onetsetsani kuti palibe nthaka yamtunda. Pofuna kuteteza madzi kuti asatuluke kuchokera ku tchika mpaka ku phwetekere imodzi, magawo amapangidwa osati pamwamba, zitsulo, matabwa kapena mapulasitiki amaponyedwa pansi.
• Kuti asunge chinyezi pa mizu ya nkhaka popanda munda, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito hydrogel. Amatenga madzi okwanira ndi zakudya, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapereka nthaka.
• Popeza tomato amavutika ndi mochedwa chifukwa chokhala ndi chinyezi, amasankha mitundu yolimbana ndi mliriwu.

Pamene feteleza zomera zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa, azitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi zowonjezera mavitamini ndi zabwino kwa nkhaka nthawi yonseyi, ndipo tomato ndizofunikira kokha pa msinkhu wa kukula. Pambuyo pake, tomato amafunika potaziyamu ndi feteleza olemera kwambiri.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga: nanga ndi momwe tingamenyane?

M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya greenhouses, matenda amanyamulidwa ndi tizirombo monga whitefly, nsonga, ndi nthata za kangaude. Choncho, matenda alionse, omwe amakhudza chikhalidwe chimodzi, mwamsanga amatembenukira ku wina. Matenda obwerezabwereza m'mabotolo ndi awa:

1. Anthracnose - Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa oxychloride, sulfure kukonzekera ndi oyenera nkhondo.
2. Mame a Mealy - zomera ndi sprayed ndi chisakanizo cha choko ndi colloidal sulfure, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrogenous feteleza.
3. Mizu yovunda - Pamene zizindikiro za matenda zimapezeka, zomera zimathiriridwa ndi Previcur.
4. Kuwonongeka kochedwa - Pangani nsongazo ndi mankhwala a phulusa ndi phytosporin.
5. Septoria - zomera zimapulitsidwa ndi madzi soapy ndi Kuwonjezera kwa mkuwa oxychloride.

Pofuna kupewa zochitika za tizirombo ndi matenda, njira zothandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Sindikirani mbeu ndi nthaka musanadzalemo.
• Pewani kumwa madzi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana.
• Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi malamulo ndipo amachiza zomera ndi fungicides.
• Mitengo yodwala iyenera kuchotsedwa ku wowonjezera kutentha kuti iteteze kufalikira.

Kugwirizana kwa zikhalidwe zosiyana kotere kumabweretsa mavuto ena. Koma ngati mukutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro ndikupatsa ma microclimate ofunika kwambiri, nkotheka kuti mukolole bwino.