Mapeyala anayamba kulimidwa ku Greece wakale. Abizinesi amakono akusamba mitundu yatsopano ya mitengo yabwino yazipatso izi. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kukongola kwa Bryansk, komwe kwatchuka kale pakati pa olima dimba.
Mbiri ya mitundu ya peyala ya Bryansk
Kukongola kwa Pear Bryansk kudawonetsedwa ndi All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Research Federal State Budgetary Institution. Awiriwo mwina anali Red Williams ndi Chaka Chatsopano.
Kuyambira 2010, kukongola kwa Bryansk kwalembedwa mu State Register. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukula m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Tsopano mitunduyi imadziwikanso pakati pa alimi kum'mwera kwa Urals, monga momwe idaleredzedwera ndi obereketsa Federal State Budget Science Science Institution ya Orenburg Experimental Station for Gardening and Viticulture of VSTISP.
Pali peyala yokhala ndi dzina lofananalo - Kumayambiriro kwa Bryansk. Mosiyana ndi kukongola kwakapsa, iye ndi chilimwe, kucha kucha, maluwa ake ndi oyera, ndipo kulimbana kwake ndi matenda kumakhala kotsika. Ndipo zipatso zokha ndizosiyana - zobiriwira chikaso, ndi bulashi pang'ono.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Pearl Bryansk kukongola kotsika
Kukongola kwa Bryansk sikumakula kwambiri - korona wake umayamba pamtunda wa 0.6-1.0 m kuchokera pansi. Mphukira yomwe imatsogozedwa m'mwamba imakhala ndi kukula kwapakatikati. Kukana kwazizira - mpaka-35 ° ะก. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda ngati peyala pamlingo wamitundu yabwino kwambiri, koma sakonda mphepo zowaza ndi kusefa kwamadzi m'nthaka. Kwa kukongola kwa Bryansk, dothi losalowerera kapena locheperako limakhala labwino, lopepuka, lopatsa thanzi, limapezekanso madzi ndi mpweya.
Mtengo womwe umayikidwa pamalo owala bwino komanso lotenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa umayamba kudzipereka mchaka chachisanu cha kukula, kuyambira mbande. Ngati peyala ibzalidwe ndi mmera wazaka 1-2, ndiye kuti imabala zipatso zaka 3-4 mutabzala. Kupereka kwa ma cuttings a kukongola kwa Bryansk pa mapeyala wa mitundu ina yosangalatsa yosangalatsa wamaluwa ndi zipatso za chaka chachitatu. Amalumikizidwa bwino pa quince kuti mutenge mtengo pamtengo chochepa kapena chochepa.
Mitengo yamapichesi a chilimweyi imaphuka mochulukirapo kuposa ena pomwe matalala abwerera kale. Siziwopseza maluwa okongola a Bryansk. Mtengowo umadzipukutira, koma kukhalapo kwa mitundu yachitatu yopanda mungu yomwe imamera pachimodzimodzi imathandizira kukulitsa zipatso.
Peyala ya Bryansk imamasula pambuyo pake kuposa mitundu ina
Zipatso za kukongola kwa Bryansk ndizofanana kukula kwake ndipo zimalemera kuposa 200 g. Amakutidwa ndi khungu lobiriwira ndi utoto wofiirira wofiyira. Zikacha kumayambiriro kapena theka loyamba la Seputembala, mapeyala amasanduka achikaso. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumagwira ntchito pamtunduwu ndizosachepera 2400 ° C pachaka. Kuti muwerengere, fotokozerani kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mkati mwa chaka, kupitirira + 10 ° C.
Mkati mwa peyalayo mumakhala zipatso zamkati zamaluwa apakati komanso fungo labwino la maluwa, lomwe limakhala ndi utoto wowala. Olemba masitima adavotera kukoma kwake - mfundo za 4.8. Zipatso zimatha kusungidwa mpaka miyezi iwiri.
Kubzala peyala Bryansk kukongola
Mutha kudzala kukongola kwa Bryansk kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Chofunika kwambiri ndikukonzekereratu kwa dzenje kuti nthaka ikhale momwemo ndipo palibe malo opanda kanthu. Kubzala masika, malo obzala mtsogolo amakonzedwa m'dzinja, ndipo nthawi yophukira - pogwiritsa ntchito luso lomweli kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndi chilimwe. Ngati dothi ndi lopindika, lolemera, kukula kwa dzenje sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 1x1 m, ndipo kuya kwake kukhale mpaka 0,8 m. Kwa dothi lachonde, miyeso imachepetsedwa pang'ono.
Mukakumba bowo, dothi lachonde limayikidwa padera kuti lisakanikirane ndi zidebe ziwiri za manyowa owola kapena kompositi kompositi ndi chidebe cha mchenga wowuma, kapu ya superphosphate, 4-5 st. l potaziyamu sulfate. Ndi kapangidwe kameneka dzazani dzenje mpaka pamwamba.
Kudzala masika, malo obzala mtsogolo a peyala ya Bryansk akukonzekera kuyambira nthawi yophukira
Mumtsuko wamadzi okwanira malita khumi, makapu awiri a ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu-fluff amadzala ndipo mayankho amatsanulidwa mu dzenje, komanso zidebe ziwiri za madzi.
Tikuchera ikuchitika motere:
- Musanabzale pamalo okonzedwa, pangani bowo yokulirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa mizu ya mmera.
Kukula kwa dzenje lofikira kumakulitsidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mizu ya peyala
- Mulu umathiridwa pakati pake kuti mbande ikagulidwapo, khosi lake la mizu limakwera masentimita angapo pamwamba pa nthaka. Potsatira kuyendetsa mtengo wotsekera mtengo wachichepere.
Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamwamba pamunsi
- Dzenje limakutidwa ndi dothi, lomwe limapangidwa mosamala.
Mutabzala, nthaka yozungulira mmera imafunikira kuti ipangidwe
- Mmera umadzaliramo ndi ndowa 2-3 zamadzi. Madziwo atamwetsedwa, bwalo la thunthu limalungika ndi kompositi, manyowa owola kapena zomata zamatabwa.
Samalani kukongola kwa Bryansk
Mu nthawi yonse yotentha, mmera umafunikira kuthiriridwa, thunthu liyenera kusungidwa ngati nthunzi yakuda musanathenso, ndiye kuti, udzu nthawi zonse. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha kukula kwawebusayiti kuyenera kudyetsedwa, kuthana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Peyala nthawi yachilimwe imazindikira bwino kuthirira monga kukonkha - kupopera mbewu kumtengo wonse pankogwirizira pamphuno. Ngati izi sizingatheke, madzi amathiridwa mu poyambira mpaka masentimita 10 mpaka 15 pansi pa mzere wozungulira. Chezani pafupifupi zidebe 2-3 pa m2 mtengo wazakudya. Nthaka ikanyowa ndi dothi, imayenera kumasulidwa kuti mpweya usasokoneze mizu.
Chaka choyamba kudyetsa mmera siziyenera kukhala, chifukwa podzala idagwiritsidwa ntchito feteleza wokwanira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa nyengo yotsatira, mtengowu umadyetsedwa chaka chilichonse ndi feteleza wa mineral pa 30-50 g ya superphosphate, 20-30 g wa potaziyamu kloride ndi 10 g wa urea pa mamilimita2 bwalo. Zaka zitatu zilizonse, kuvala organic kumayikidwa kumalo omwewo - kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 10 makilogalamu a humus, manyowa, kompositi, kugona kapena nkhuku. Z feteleza zonse zimayikidwa bwino pang'onopang'ono poyambira masentimita 30 kuti zinthu zonse zofunika kuti chomera zifike. Zitsime 0,4-0.6 m mozama m'mphepete mwa thunthu ndi njira yabwino yothira feteleza ndi kuthirira mtengowo.
Kukongola kwa Peyala Bryansk kumakhala kovuta nthawi yozizira, koma ndi bwino kuti mwana wanu asamere nthawi yozizira:
- bwino mulch dothi lozungulira thunthu;
- kumanga mutu ndi pepala lofolerera, pepala lakuda kapena spruce paws (izi ziteteza peyala ku makoswe);
- dulani mtengo, kumwaza dothi mozungulira-tsinde lozungulira lomwe lili ndi mamita pafupifupi 0;
- M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa pansi pa peyala.
Matenda a Peyala ndi Tizilombo
Kukongola kwa Bryansk kulimbana ndi matenda, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti atha kusiyidwa osasamalidwa komanso koyenera.
Scab
Matenda ngati nkhanambo amawoneka ngati mdani woopsa kwambiri wa mapeyala. Mawonekedwe ake amatha kutsimikizika ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mwa kukhalapo kwa masamba obiriwira obiriwira pamasamba, omwe amawuma ndikubowoka. Mtsogolomo, matendawa amatha kufalikira kwa zipatso pogwiritsa ntchito imvi. Simungadye mapeyala ngati amenewa.
Popewa matendawa kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mtengo ndi nthaka pansi pake zimathandizidwa ndi yankho la 0,5 makilogalamu a urea pa malita 10 a madzi. Chezani pafupifupi mal 5 a mankhwalawa pokonza mtengo wa munthu wamkulu ndi 1 l pa mita iliyonse2 bwalo.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a Bordeaux pazomwezi - yankho la 10 makilogalamu ofulumira komanso mkuwa wa sulfate mu 10 malita a madzi. Mtengo amathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera masamba asanatseguke, ndipo atangomva maluwa. Ngati m'mbuyomu nyengoyo peyala idakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo, ndiye kuti kupendekera kwankho kumakulitsidwa ndi katatu.
Chotupa chitha kufalikira ku zipatso za peyala m'njira yamabala akuda
Powdery mildew
Matendawa amadziwoneka ngati chovala choyera pa mphukira, masamba kapena maluwa a peyala, omwe pang'onopang'ono amasanduka bulauni, kenako mawanga akuda. Nkhuni zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi Topaz kapena Spore. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zomwe zasonyezedwa phukusi.
Pambuyo pochotsa zipatsozo pamtengowo, amathandizidwa ndi yankho limodzi la madzi a Bordeaux okonzedwa molingana ndi Chinsinsi chomwe tafotokozachi. Nthambizo zikagwa, zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Powdery mildew peyala Bryansk kukongola kumawoneka ngati mawonekedwe oyera
Leaflet
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tatsamba limalowa mu impso ngakhale timatupa, timakudula, kenako ndikusiya masamba, ndiwo msuzi womwe zimadyetsa. Amakulunga tsamba mu chubu chomangiriridwa ndi cobweb, ndichifukwa chake dzina la tizilombo lidawonekera, lomwe silikuwopseza peyala yokha, komanso mbewu zonse za m'munda.
Mutha kuthana ndi tsambalo pokonza mitengo yonse yomwe ili m'mundamo ndi Karbofos. 30 g ya mankhwalawo imasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi okwanira malita khumi ndipo mitengoyo imakathira masamba atatseguka.
Zotsatira zabwino zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito tincture wa fodya, shag kapena fumbi la fodya. 0,4 kg wa imodzi mwa zinthuzi amathiridwa mu 10 malita a madzi ofunda ndikuumirizidwa kwa masiku awiri, amadzimadzi amadzidulira ndikuwonjezera malita 10 amadzi. Zomera zimapopera mbewu kukonzekera nyengo yonse, ngati chithandizo choyambirira sichinathandize.
Leafloader amawopseza osati peyala, koma mbewu zonse za m'munda
Njenjete
Gulugufe wachisimba uyu amasiya kupendekeka kwake pakhungu la peyala, ndipo mphutsi zomwe zikatuluka mwaiwo zimaluma zipatsozo ndikudya zipatso zake.
Njira yothanirana ndi njenjete ya peyala ndi kupopera mankhwalawa ndi chimbudzi. Udzuwo umakololedwa nthawi yamaluwa ndikumauma pachaka chathachi. 0,8 kg wa zouma zosaphika umalimbikitsidwa kwa maola angapo m'madzi 10, ndiye kuti umawiritsa kwa pafupifupi theka la ola. Atatha kusefa, msuzi umasungunuka ndi malita 10 amadzi. Njira iyi imathandizidwa ndi mitengo ya peyala katatu musanakhale maluwa.
Gulugufe wa peyala amasiyiratu khungu lakelo, ndipo mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka mwaiwo zimaluma zipatsozo ndikudya zipatso zake
Wamaluwa amawunikira zosiyanasiyana
Uchita bwino. Ndi CAT yokha yomwe imamufuna kwinakwake 2500-2600, ndiye ngaleyo ndi yokoma kwambiri komanso yokonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Ndikofunika kubzala izi moyenera (ngati mukukulumikizira mu korona), makamaka kwa wochititsa, ngati sikumera m'nthambi zotsogola, chifukwa ali ndi apical mphukira kukula.
yri
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9431
Nditha kubzala peyala ina, yophukira iwiri idabzalidwa kale. Ndikufuna kubzala imodzi kuti izisungidwa nthawi yozizira. Sindingathe kusankha ngati Yakovlevskaya kapena Belorussia wachedwa? Mu chithunzi ndimakonda kukongola kwa Bryansk, koma ndi nthawi yophukira.
TatyanaSh
//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=2061.120
Tsoka ilo, nthawi yozizira, mapeyala amakhala ndi chiphuphu cha zipatso. Ndipo nawonso amavutika ndi chisanu chamvula. Pachabe inu muli pa kalasi. Kwa gulu lapakati palibe nthawi yabwino yozizira. Posachedwa ndidalankhula ndi a Timiryazevites za mapeyala; ali ndi lingaliro lofananalo. Kukongola kwa Bryansk ndi mitundu yabwino, koma sindingadzabzale ku Chigawo cha Moscow, ndikangolandira ndalama zokhazokha.
San Sanych
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=4591&start=855
Kukongola kwa Bryansk ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri wamitundu yonse, womwe uli woyenera kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati ndi Russia. Ndikufuna kukumbutsa olima m'munda kuti nthawi zina, osati mu malo amodzi, komanso m'munda umodzi wothandizirana, nyengo za mtengo zimatha kukhala zotsutsana. Mukamasankha mtundu wa peyala kuti mubzale, muyenera kuyesa kuganizira zonse zomwe zimachitika mderalo, mawonekedwe a nthaka, nthaka, ndi njira zazikulu zamphepo.
