Dendrobium ndi chomera cha epiphytic chowoneka bwino chomwe chili ndi maluwa akuluakulu onunkhira. Mutha kukumana naye pamitengo yamvula yamvula ya Australia, Philippines, East Asia ndi South America. Ndi wa banja la Orchid ndipo adakwaniritsa zokongola zake zonse. Zovala zazitali zazitali, zokutidwa ndi maluwa ambiri okongola, zimawoneka ndi mawonekedwe okopa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi dendrobium yomwe ndi yopanda pake kwambiri komanso yovuta kuisamalira. Khama lokwanira likuthandizira ngakhale novice kukula mbewu zokongola.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Dendrobium ndi mankhwala osatha. Maonekedwe ake amasiyanasiyana kwambiri, kutengera mitundu. Zomera zimakhala pamitengo, motero mizu yake ndi yaying'ono. Ma pseudobulbs osalala amakula m'magawo, omwe amakumbutsa gawo loyambira kapena loumbika. Zili zowongoka kapena zokwawa. Kutalika kwazomera kuchokera 2 cm mpaka 5. Kutalika kwa pseudobulb payekha ndi zaka 2-4.
Pansi pa mphukira, masamba ozungulira kapena achikopa amamera kuchokera kumizu. Amakhala pa babu ndikupanga mphete yopitilira. Masamba akamakula, amasunthira kumtunda kwa tsinde. Mitundu yambiri ya dendrobiums nthawi zonse imakhala yobiriwira, koma ndi nyengo yayitali yachilala, mitundu ya anthu imataya masamba.
Chapakatikati, patatha nthawi yopuma, peduncle wocheperako limamera kuchokera pamwamba pa pseudobulb. Ndiwosavuta kapena nthambi ndipo imakhala ndi inflemose inflorescence. Maluwa a mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala onunkhira kapena kutulutsa fungo labwino, losangalatsa. Milomo yopyapyala yotsika kumapeto kwa kholalo imakulungika mu chubu. Mzerewu womwewo umakhala ndi mwendo wokulirapo, womwe umagwirizana ndi manda ofananira nawo ngati njira yopumira. Kutulutsa kwa dendrobium sikuchitika chaka chilichonse, koma kutalika kwake kumayamba.
Malingaliro odziwika
Mitundu ya dendrobium ndi imodzi mwosiyana kwambiri. Mulinso mitundu yoposa 1200 yazomera. Ena a iwo:
Dendrobium Nobile (D. nobile) kapena wolemekezeka. Zomera zazikuluzikulu ndi tsinde lamasamba. Maulalo onenepa okhala wokutidwa ndi masamba okhala ngati mawonekedwe. Masamba achikopa amakula m'mizere iwiri. Munthawi iliyonse, paduncle yapafupi, maluwa a axillary pachimake, m'magulu awiriawiri. Mbale yooneka ngati dzira m'munsi imapakidwa utoto wamchere, ndipo chakumapeto kwake imakhala lilac. Pansi pa milomo ya pubescent pali malo amdima wofiirira. Chifukwa chokongoletsa kwambiri, mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umalimidwa m'nyumba.
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis (D. phalaenopsis). Chomera chachikulu chokhazikika ndi ma pseudobulbs. Mphukira pansi ndi zopanda kanthu, ndipo pamwambapo zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wakuda amtundu wa lanceolate. Chovala chopyapyala, chotalika masentimita 60, chimakutidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu, pansi pa kulemera komwe burashi imapinda. Ma Bud amapangidwa ndi miyala yokongola. M'mphepete mwake amajambulidwa oyera, ndipo kumunsi amapangika pinki. Mlomo wokhala ndi miyendo itatu uli ndi malo akulu akuda.
Lindley Dendrobium (D. lindleyi). Chomera chotsika cha epiphytic chimakulitsa minofu yolimba mpaka 8 cm. Kunja, ali ngati ma pseudobulbs apamwamba. Iliyonse imamera tsamba limodzi lamkati la emerald hue. Nthawi yamaluwa, maudzu apamwamba azitali amawoneka, nthambi kumapeto. Amakutidwa kwambiri ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu ndi fungo lamphamvu. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 2-5 cm.
King Dendrobium (D. kingianum). Zomera za Epiphytic, zomata zowoneka bwino, zokutidwa ndi mafilimu oyera. Masamba a Sedentary a lanceolate kapena ovoid mawonekedwe amatha kukula mpaka 30 cm.Amasonkhanitsidwa kumtunda kwa mphukira pagulu la zidutswa za 3-4. Bulashi yotayirira yokhala ndi maluwa ochepa onunkhira ochepa pamwamba pa tsinde. Mafuta amizeremizere amitundu yoyera kapena yamtundu wachikuda m'mphepete. Pansi pali mlomo wowala kwambiri wokhala ndi milomo itatu.
Dendronium wa Parishi (D. parishii). Epiphyte wopatsa chidwi amapanga mpanda wa tsamba loyambira kumunsi kwa mphukira. Timapepala totsika tosakhwima tokhala ndi malembedwe omera timakula 5 cm masentimita kutalika. Kutalika kwa cylindrical, wopachikika pseudobulb kumafika masentimita 40. Phata la maluwa limamera pamabu opanda masamba. Imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu a pinki-lilac okhala ndi fungo labwino. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 5-10 cm.
Njira zolerera
Kunyumba, dendrobium imafalitsidwa ndi njira zamasamba. Chitani izi pokonzekera. Chitsamba chachikulu chitha kugawidwa. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi siilimbikitsidwa. Osachepera zaka 3-4, orchid ayenera kukula. Duwa lomwe lakula 6-8 pseudobulbs limamasulidwa ku dothi ndikudula ndi tsamba losabala kotero kuti mababu a 2-3 ndi gawo la mphukira ali mu Delenka. Malo omwe mabala amathandizidwa ndi makala opera. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa zimabzalidwe m'nthaka yabwino.
Chofatsa komanso chosavuta ndi kubereka kwa ana kapena mphukira zam'mbali. Amawoneka m'munsi mwa tsinde ndipo ali kale ndi mizu yawo. Ndikotheka kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ana ndikuwonjezera chinyezi nthawi yomweyo maluwa atayamba kuthilira ndi kudyetsa dendrobium zovuta ndi nayitrogeni. Mizu ya mwana ikakula ndi masentimita 3-5, mothandizidwa ndi tsamba imasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera chachikulu, ndikupanga gawo la tsinde la mayi. Malo omwe adadulidwa amathandizidwa ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Kuti muchepetse mizu, mphukira imayikamo kapu yamadzi owiritsa kwa mphindi zingapo. Chomera chaching'ono, mphika wawung'ono wapansi wokhala ndi dothi lapadera umakonzedwa. Kubala kumachitika mosamala kwambiri kuti musawononge mizu yopyapyala.
Zoyang'anira ndi kusamalira kunyumba
Orchid dendrobium, ngakhale imawonedwa ngati yopanda tanthauzo, imafunikira kutsatira malamulo angapo. Sakonda kupatsirana, chifukwa samachita pafupipafupi. Mizu yofewa imasokonezeka mosavuta, pambuyo pake maluwa a orchid amapezekanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndikokwanira kuthira mbewu pachaka chilichonse cha 3-4.
Maluwa ayenera kuchotsedwa mu chidebe chakale, ndipo pamodzi ndi mtanda wa pansi womizidwa mu beseni lamadzi ofunda. Nthaka imatsalira kumbuyo kwa mizu ndikuwonongeka kochepa. Mphika watsopano uyenera kukhala wocheperako, mum'chombo cholimba, mbewu zimakula bwino ndikufalikira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti musazitse mizu. Mizu yozungulira iyenera kukhala pamwamba. Masabata oyambilira 1-2 atatha njirayi, mbali ina yamasamba akale imatha kukhala yachikasu ndikugwa.
Asanagwiritse ntchito, nthaka ya dendrobium iyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha kwa mphindi 10-15, kenako ndikuuma. Muli zigawo izi:
- zidutswa za makungwa a paini;
- makala;
- CHIKWANGWANI cha coconut;
- sphagnum moss;
- mizu ya fern;
- peat.
Maluwa amawakonda kuwala, amayenera kuyikidwa mu chipinda chowala chowala chowonekera. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kupatsa dendrobium ndi kuwala kwa maola khumi ndi awiri. Pankhaniyi, kuwunika mwachindunji kwa dzuwa sikuyenera kugwera pamalowo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, duwa limakhala lozungulira mogwirizana ndi gwero lowala kuti limaphukire moyenerera.
M'chilimwe, mutha kutenga dendrobium kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, kuuteteza ku zojambula ndi mpweya. Ngakhale chomera chimakonda madzi, mvula yathu siyizizira kwambiri. Ndi pamsewu kuti ndizosavuta kupereka madontho ofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa kutentha kwa boma ndiye njira yovuta kwambiri pakumera mbewu. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, kutentha kwa masana kukuyenera kukhala pakati pa + 15 ... + 20 ° C, ndi kutentha kwausiku + 5 ... + 10 ° C. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, nthawi yopuma, kutentha kwa chipindacho kuyenera kukhala + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Usiku, imatha kukhalabe yofanana kapena kuchepa ndi 2-3 ° C.
Chaka chonse, dendrobium imafunikira chinyezi chambiri (pafupifupi 70-80%) Chifukwa cha izi, mbewu zimapopera madzi nthawi zonse kuchokera pamfuti yopopera, yoyikidwa pafupi ndi threyi ndi madzi kapena timiyala tonyowa, ndipo nthawi yozizira imagwiritsa ntchito zonyowetsera mpweya. Osayika miphika pafupi ndi ma radiators. Ngakhale nyengo yozizira yokhala ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi, chinyezi chimayenera kukhala chokwera kwambiri.
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, munthawi yogwira ntchito, ma orchid nthawi zonse amathiridwa madzi kawiri pa sabata. Pachifukwa ichi, mphika wokhala ndi chomera umatsitsidwa kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 15 mu beseni ndi madzi ofunda, oyeretsedwa bwino. Amawiritsa madzi asanagwiritse ntchito, ayenera kukhala otentha pang'ono kuposa chilengedwe. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, ngati nthaka yake ndi youma, kuthirira kuyenera kuyamba pomwe. Komanso, kusamba pansi pa shafa lotentha (35-40 ° C) kumachitika kawirikawiri pachaka.
Manyowa dendrobium ndi nyimbo zapadera za orchid. Panthawi yopuma, kudyetsa kuyimitsidwa kapena maofesi popanda nitrogen amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Feteleza amaikidwa m'madzi ndikuthira m'nthaka.
Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, dendrobium imadwala matenda a fungus. Ngati nthendayo ndi yaying'ono, ndikokwanira kuchotsa masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndikuthira mankhwalawa. Mwa majeremusi pa orchid, nthata za ma spider ndi ma aphid nthawi zambiri zimakhala. Tizilombo timatayidwa ndi madzi osamba ndi sopo wamadzi otentha, ngakhale alimi ena amakonda tizilombo.
Maluwa dendrobium
Maluwa amatulutsa maluwa kwa zaka 4-5. Mu ana, maluwa amatha kuwonekera patatha chaka mutabzala. Pofuna kusinthitsa mawonekedwe a inflorescences, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zowala bwino chaka chonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti boma likutentha panthawi ya matalala. Pak maluwa, kuthilira pafupipafupi komanso kuvala pamwamba ndikofunikira kuti ana awonekere.
Kukula kwamasamba kumapitilira mpaka nthawi yophukira. Pamene peduncle iduma kwathunthu, imatha kudulidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, ma pseudobulbs akale amayamba makwinya ndikuuma, koma sangathe kuchotsedwa, popeza amathandizira ana.
