Ngakhale poyang'ana poyamba, ndondomeko yosonkhanitsa mphesa imawoneka yosavuta, koma ngati mwakufunsani mozama za zida zake - mutu ukhoza kutha.
Choyamba - pa mitundu yothetsera katemera, ndiye - pazigawo zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe inoculation.
Koma chofunika kwambiri, chiri ndi zida zokhazokha, ndipo zonse zidzapita ngati ma clockwork. Ndizochitika za kumtengako mphesa ndipo zidzakambidwa pansipa.
Tidzayesera kukufotokozerani mwatsatanetsatane ndi ndondomeko za magawo onse a mphukira yam'mimba inoculation kuti akuthandizeni kukula chomera chokongola ndi chonde pafupi ndi kwanu.
Kodi mitundu ya mphesa yamtunduwu ndi yotani?
Pali njira zambiri zobzala mphesa pakati pa amalimi ndi akatswiri olima. Zonsezi ndi zotsutsana, koma ndizofunikira kuzisankha mogwirizana ndi nyengo yapadera.
- Nthaŵi zambiri mphesa yosindikizira mphesa imakhala pansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katemera. Zina mwa izi ndi izi: kugawanitsa, kuphulika kwapakati, kuphulika, kumtunda kwa mphesa kumtengowo umodzi, kusinthanitsa kwa chitsamba chachikulu cha mphesa m'chaka cha kumuika kapena panthawi yozengereza mzere, kukulumikiza ndi kuphatikiza mosavuta.
- Katemera wa Chilimwe. M'nyengo yotentha, katemera wambiri amasonkhana. Mwachitsanzo, ziphuphu zowonongeka zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa ku mphukira za mphesa, zomwe zatha kale kuphulika. Mphesa petioles kawirikawiri kumtengowo pa otbodkovye mitengo. Ndi mtundu wodziŵika bwino wa kukulumikizitsa nyengo, pamene phesi lobiriwira kapena nsana kumbuyo imamangirizidwa pa mpesa wobiriwira.
- Katemera wa m'dzinja nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu chitsamba cha mphesa. Kawirikawiri, shrub yakale imabzalidwa motere, yomwe yaleka kubereka zokolola zazikulu, kapena pamene alimi sakuyenerera woyang'anira munda. Kugwiritsira ntchito chitsamba chokhazikitsidwa kale ndi mizu yake yabwino mmalo mwa mphesa zakale kungakule mosavuta mitundu yatsopano yosangalatsa.
Ndikoyenera kumvetsera kwa wina Mndandanda wa ma graphingzomwe zikuphatikizidwa pazomwe tatchulazi:
- Ankalumikizitsa ndi graft wakuda kwa wakuda. Katemera wotere umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yamasika. Pofika kumka ku chipulumutso cha mphesa chaka chatha, kapena tsinde, yomwe ili mthumba, komanso kuphatikizidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chaka chatha kukhwima kokhwima kale - chishango chokhala ndi mphukira kapena kudula.
- Ankalumikiza graft "wakuda" kuntchito "yobiriwira". Mzere woterewu ukhoza kuchitidwa onse mu kasupe, mutatha kufalikira kwa mphukira za mphesa, ndi mu chilimwe. Tanthauzo lake limakhalapo mukuti chaka chatha "petiole" chakuda amamangirizidwa pa mphukira "yobiriwira" yomwe kale ikuphulika kapena chitsamba cha mphesa.
- Ankalumikiza mtundu wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira. Pankhani imeneyi, katemera amapezeka m'chilimwe kapena m'dzinja. Kuphatikizidwa kale kale kumalumikizidwa pa zobiriwira zofanana, zomwe sizinakhale ndi nthawi yopitilira nyengo yozizira dormancy, katundu.
Tidzakudziwitsani za mawonekedwe a masika a mphesa, pamene phesi la mitundu yosiyanasiyana liphatikizidwa pa shtambu ya wina.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za zochitika za kubzala mphesa.
Timagawanika chitsamba cha mphesa cha shtambum kuti tizitsatira
Chifukwa mfundo yonse ya scion yoteroyo ndiyo nthikiti imabzalidwa mu shtamb yagawanikaNdikofunika kwambiri kuchita bwino "kupatukana". Ndipotu, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti asawononge chitsamba, chifukwa chimadalira pa kukula kwa mphesa.
Musanayambe kupatukana, nkofunika kuti mugwire zida zofunika. Makamaka, mudzasowa nkhwangwa, chisel kapena screwdriver (iwo ayenera kuikidwa pakati pa zidutswa za tsinde kuti asatembenuke), komanso nyundo.
Kawirikawiri chitsamba cha mphesa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Choncho, kupatukana ake amatsatira nthawi yomweyo pakati, ngati kuti ndi lalikulu kwambiri m'mimba mwake. Sungani mosamala chipewa chathu pakati pa thunthu ndipo mwakachetechete, pang'onopang'ono muziyendetsa ndi nkhwangwa.
Ntchito yanu ndi kungopatula thunthu la chitsamba, koma palibe palibe chifukwa chogawanikana kwambiri. Zidzakhala zokwanira ngati chisel kapena screwdriver ndi yolimba kwambiri mu dzenje. Timasiya shtam mu mawonekedwewa ndikupita ku cuttings, zomwe tidzakhala ngati grafts.
Chifukwa chiyani ndi momwe parafini mphesa mphesa zimagwirira ntchito?
Pansi pa kumira kumatanthawuza njira yakuphimba tsinde la mphesa ndi parafini.
Kuthamanga kwadutsa kumachitika pofuna kukonzekera tsinde la autumn inoculation bwino komanso kuti likhale ndi nthawi yozizira bwino. Ndipotu, zoona zake n'zakuti phalafini yokhayokha imatha kusunga chinyezi chofunikira mu tsinde, kenako imatha kutsika ndipo imatha kukhazikika bwino pamalo atsopano.
Musanayambe kuthira petioles mphesa, tcherani pasadakhale awo mu heteroauxin njira. Pulogalamu ya heteroauxin ndiyo yokonzetsa bwino ya kukula kwa zomera, makamaka, kuyambitsa njira yogawa maselo awo. Choncho, ma petioles omwe anagwedezeka mu njira yotereyi idzakhala yofulumira komanso yogwira bwino mizu.
Tikukonzekera kukonza parafini, yomwe iyenera kusungunuka. Kuti muchite izi, mu chotengera chaching'ono kapena chotupamo, mutenge madzi pang'ono ndikuponyera phalafini mmenemo. Kenaka, ikani moto ndi kuyembekezera kuti parafini isungunuke ndi madzi (ayenera kuphika pang'ono). Phalafini yamoto imakhudza madzi. ndipo sizimasakanizana nazo. Adzangoyandama pamwamba pake.
Kuthamanga cuttings ayenera kukhala mosamala komanso mofulumira. Kutenga phesi la mphesa m'manja mwanu, muyenera kulichepetsa mwamsanga ndi maso anu mu parafini yosungunuka (tikutsindika - sungani mapesi a parafini mphindi pang'ono chabe, mpaka parafini itaphimbidwa) ndipo mwamsanga muzichotseni.
Kenaka, pang'onopang'ono patsani "petiole" mu madzi kuti mwamsanga muziziziritsa. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti chifukwa chabwino ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito petioles youma, kopanda phalafini idzawakhudza kwambiri (tawonapo kuti madzi amatsitsa parafini).
Malangizo a kudula mitengo yoyenera
Sizitanthauza kuti phesi losakonzedwe silingakhoze kuzika mizu yatsopano. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, choyamba chofunika kudula bwino kuti, choyamba, kuti asadwononge kudula kokha, ndipo kachiwiri, kuti asawononge maso ake. Choncho, malangizo otsatirawa ayenera kuganiziridwa:
- Kudulira ndi kokha pansi pa kudula.yomwe tidzakhala pakati pa zigawo za tsinde la mphesa.
- Muyenera kudula pafupifupi masentimita 2.5-3, kuti mupeze phesi la tapered.
- Kudula mdulidwe kukhale kochepa kwambiri pambali ya maluwa. Choncho, muyenera kuchokapo pafupifupi 0,5-0.8 masentimita.
- Kenaka ikutsatirani kuchotsa phesi kuchokera kumbali ziwiri "pamphepete", kusiya "zowonjezera" kuzungulira.
- Dziwani kuti kuchepetsa kudula kumachitiranso mosamala kwambiri, kuti musadule kwambiri. Ndi bwino kudulira pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zingapo, nthawi iliyonse yowonjezera.
- Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musakhudze malo odulidwawo, pang'onopang'ono mukugwira kudula ndi "opachika".
- Pambuyo kudulira ndikofunika kwambiri kuika phesi m'madzi. Kotero, iye sadzakhala nayo nthawi yoti aziimiritsa nthawi yoyamba yake yomangiriza ku octopus ya mphesa, ndipo akhoza kuyamba kuphulika m'madzi.
Ife tikukonzekera zowonjezera kuti tizitsatira pa katundu
Tanena kale pamwambapa Musanamangirire tsinde ndizofunika kuti musunge madzi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'madzi nthawi imeneyo, mpaka masamba obiriwira atuluke. Izi zidzasonyezera kuyenera kwa kudula kumtengowo. Ngati simungathe kusungunuka m'madzi, kumangokhalira kugwiritsidwa ntchito sikungakhale kopanda phindu, chifukwa kudula koteroko kumawuma kapena kuonongeka.
Musanayambe katemera ndiwothandiza ikani kudula mwapadera, zomwe zidzalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu ndi selo lophatikizana, motero, kukonzanso ndondomeko ya engraftment ya tsinde pa tsinde. Njirayi imapangidwa kuchokera ku mankhwala otchedwa "Humate".
Pofuna kuyika timadzi timadzi timadzi timodzi timene mukuyenera kudula madontho 10 a mankhwalawa. Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti mbali yokhayo ya kudula yomwe idadulidwira kale imatsitsidwa mu njirayi. Sungani zowonongeka muzithetsa zisakhale zoposa masekondi 7-10. Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kupita kukonzekera tsinde ndikuyambanso kudula.
Ife tikukonzekera chitsamba cha mphesa kuti tigwirizanitse - mfundo zofunika ndi malangizo
Asanayumikizanitse, mobisa mphesa zitsamba ziyenera kufulidwa pang'ono. Mbali yapamwamba pamwambayi yakonzedwa bwinobwino. Mutu wa chitsamba ukufunikanso kudula. Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti malo odulidwa ayenera kukhala osalala, palibe chifukwa choyenera kuchitidwa.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mdulidwewo unali wofanana ndi kukula kwa thunthu. Potero, tinalandira chitsamba cha mphesa cha penechki, chomwe chimafunikanso kukonzekera bwino.
Choyamba, malo omwewo ayenera kuyeretsedwa mosamala ndi mosamala. Kwa ichi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuda wamunda, kuti asapangitse zina kuwonongeka kwa boom.
Ndikofunika kuthetsa kwathunthu malo odulidwa kuchokera kumphepete mwa mmbali. Izi zidzathetsa matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe ali ndi minda ya mpesa. Pambuyo pake, ndikumenyedwa kumene kumakhala malo ophunzirira matenda a fungal okhalamo kosatha. Choncho, musatenge nthawi kupanga pamwamba pa mpesa tsinde pafupi bwinobwino yosalala.
Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri: kuti chitsamba chikhale chokonzekera bwino mu inoculation, mothandizidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa, muyenera kuchotseratu zonse za fumbi ndi dothi. Ukhondo uyenera kukhala wangwiro, katemera wabwino umadalira. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi katemera angapo pa tsamba lanu, ndiye kuti mukutsuka tsinde lotsatira ngakhale ndikofunikira kuti muzisokoneza ntchito yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mpeni.
Malangizo othandizira kusinthanitsa bwino mphesa
Kutha mphesa ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kotentha mokwanira, osachepera 15ºС. Nthaka kutentha pa katemera sayenera kugwa pansi pa 10ºС. Poyambitsa katemera, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti pali zizindikiro zochepa za mawonekedwe a antenna pa chogwiritsira ntchito. Apo ayi, scape sidzapulumuka.
Timapitiriza kutsogolera zitsamba za mphesa. Timatenga kudula kwathu komwe ndikukonzekera mudulidwe wa thunthu, kuchotsa chisel kuchokera pamenepo. Iyenera kuikidwa motere m'madera ena zidutswazo zinakhudza mwachindunji thunthu palokha, ndipo hanger wosadulidwa wa malaya anakhalabe mu thunthu.
Kawirikawiri, phesiyo imatsikira kugawikana kuti mbali yokhayokhayo ikayike mu thunthu. Komabe, n'zotheka kuchepetsa tsinde pansipa kupatulidwa ndi 0,5 masentimita kuti mtengo wotsika kwambiri umangopitirira pamwamba pa thunthu.
Mwachidziwikire, pambuyo pa kusindikiza, kochepa malo omwe amayenera kusindikizidwa. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mphesa mphesa, komanso mapepala a chimbudzi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zidazo zimasindikizidwa mosamala komanso mosindikizidwa bwino kwambiri, mwinanso momwe zingathere kuti asiye mipata.
Kuti katemera wathu akhalebe bwino, ndipo mphamvu ya kupanikizana pakati pa minofu ya scion ndi boom ikuwonjezeka, iyenera kukhala yambiri Tsembani mwamphamvu ndi tepi yamagetsi, ndiko - nsalu ya thonje. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa minofu imeneyi pa malo opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito katemera ndi chifukwa chakuti zingathe kuwonongeka pakapita nthawi. Kuwonjezera pa nsalu, mungagwiritse ntchito twine. Choncho, panthawi yonse yokhala ndi ndalama zochepetsedwa, nsalu idzatha ndipo mpesa udzayamba kukula.
Pali lingaliro lakuti malo opatsirana katemera ayenera atakulungidwa ndi polyethylene. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mutangoyamba kutsegula malo omwe amapezeka ndi katemera wodyera, madzi ayenera kuwoneka pamwamba pa thunthu, zomwe zidzasonyeze kuti ali ndi katemera woyenera.
Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri amtundu uno, cellophane ndi polyethylene zimatha kuteteza kuzitsitsa kwathu ku dzuwa.
Komabe, ndibwino kuganizira malingaliro a olima amaluwa ambiri, omwe amakhulupirira kuti mafilimu ojambulawo, popanda kutaya mlengalenga, akhoza kuvulaza kuphatikizidwa, chifukwa kuti zotsatira zabwino zotsatizanitsa ndi kupulumuka ndizofunikira kukhalapo kwa oxygen wambiri.
Kodi mungathandize bwanji nyengo yozizira mphesa pambuyo pa autumn inoculation?
Pambuyo pothandizidwa kwa chitsa cha mphesa, Chitsa chake chiyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuzungulira padziko lapansi (koma musati mudzaze ndi malo omwe ali pafupi ndi katemera, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito dongo kale).
Nthaka kuzungulira thunthu imatha kukhazikitsidwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, chinyezi m'nthaka chidzapulumutsidwa bwino ndipo dziko lapansi silidzasungunuka m'nyengo yozizira. Asanayambe chisanu mphesa zoyenera kukhala bwino. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito udzu kapena udzu, komanso kuchokera pamwamba kuti mutenge chinthu cholemera - ndi nthambi zowonjezera, mwachitsanzo.
Njira inanso yothandiza kuthandizira kuteteza scion frostbite ndikuyika kabati yamatabwa popanda pansi kuzungulira thunthu ndi kuphatikiza. Iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi nthaka mpaka masika. Mu mawonekedwe awa, kuphatikiza ndi kusamalira sikudzawopa chilichonse chisanu.
Kuti tisunge tizidulidwe tomwe timayanika, Inoculation site imalimbikitsidwanso kukhala yokutidwa ndi dothi lonyowa.. Ndikoyenera kutsegula malo onse ogwiritsira ntchito katemera, koma silingamveke pamwamba pa kudula kokha. Chifukwa cha chinyezi ndi dothi, dongo lidzakhala losalala nthawi zonse ndipo limapereka chinyezi.
Malangizo ofunikira ophatikizira m'dzinja
- Phesi siliyenera kudula motalika kwambiri. Zidzakhala zokwanira 1-2 mabowo.
- Ngati malo omwe mukupita kukadula mphesa ndi obiriwira, mukhoza kulima awiri kapena atatu. Kotero, ngakhale ngati imfa ya mmodzi wa iwo, iwe umapezabe chitsamba cha mphesa.
- Nthaka yozungulira mpesa wa shrub iyenera kumasulidwa kuti idzazitse nthaka ndi mpweya wokwanira wochuluka. Pazaka ziwiri zoyambirira za kukula mphesa akhoza kukhala pansi pa nthunzi yakuda.
- Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musalole kuti tizidulidwewo adzuke okha, osati kudzera mu katundu. Choncho, muyenera kuchotsa mizu yawo, yomwe imachokera kumalo opatsirana.
