Pakati pa maluwa okongola, hippeastrum ndi yokongola kwambiri, yomwe imakhalanso yovuta kwambiri mmalo mwa kubzala ndi kusamalira. Pa chifukwa ichi, si onse amalima amaluwa omwe amatha kukwaniritsa maluwa ake. M'munsimu tidzakuuzani zonse za kulima kwake ndikugonjetsa mavuto omwe angatheke.
Hippeastrum - kufotokoza maluwa
Hippeastrum maluwa ndi mbewu yosatha, yotuluka mu babu. Iyo imamera ndipo imakula masamba akuluakulu amtunduwu amapangidwa, omwe akhoza kutambasula mpaka masentimita 70, ndipo ali ndi kupitirira kwa masentimita 4 mpaka 5. Iwo akukonzedwa mu mizere iwiri, moyang'anizana wina ndi mzake.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti masamba ambiri a hippeastrum amasiyana ndi mtundu wawo wobiriwira, masamba ambiri ali ndi mtundu wofiirira, womwe umachititsa kuti chomera chikhale chokongola ngakhale popanda maluwa.Ndibwino kuti musamalidwe ndi hippeastrum, inflorescence imapezeka ndi maluwa 2-6. Maluwa ndi aakulu, m'litali akhoza kufika masentimita 15, ndipo m'lifupi mwake nthawi zambiri amakhala 25 cm.
Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri: kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka kufiira. Pambuyo maluwa, chipatso chimapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a bokosi, momwe mbewu za hippeastrum zipse.
Mukamaliza kucha, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pobzala ndi kulandira mababu, phindu la kumera ndi 100%.
Komabe, m'nyumba ikukula chomera ichi ndi chovuta, pamene izo zimasiyana mu zinthu zingapo:
- Kuchokera ku mitundu yowala ndi yoyera ya hippeastrum ndizosatheka kupeza mbewu zoyenera za mbewu zamtsogolo, chifukwa ndizozisakanizidwa.
- Kuti mbeu ikhale yotentha m'chilimwe, imabzala m'munda, prikopat pamodzi ndi mphika m'nthaka.
- Ngakhale kuti zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa maluwa a hippeastrum kunyumba, nkofunika kukonzekera komanso kuti zonsezi zidzapangidwira maluwa a masiku 10 okha.
Kusankha mphika wa hippeastrum
Kukula kwa mphika kudzadalira mwachindunji kukula kwa bulb hippeastrum. Zindikirani: mukamabzala babu ayenera kuikidwa pakati pa mphika, kusiya 5 cm pamphepete. Potero, mphika wa maluwa amenewa uyenera kukhala osachepera 15 masentimita.
Ponena za kutalika kwa mphika, mosiyana ndi izi, sizingakhale zazikulu kwambiri, chifukwa babu sakufunika kumizidwa mu nthaka (gawo lake lakumtunda limakhala pamwamba pa nthaka). Kuonjezera apo, pansi pa mphika adzafunika kutulutsa miyala, ndipo pamwamba pake padakali dothi lalikulu.
Palibe zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi zomwe zili mu chidebe cha hippeastrum, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito miphika yamba ya pulasitiki kwa zomera.
Izi zimachokera ku makina a ceramics omwe amatha kutentha kwambiri dzuwa, nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kutentha kwa babu. Pankhaniyi, imfa yake idzakhala yosapeweka.
Kusankha dothi la hippeastrum
Hippeastrum maluwa imakhala yovuta kwambiri pa nthaka yomwe ili mumphika, kotero iyenera kukonzekera mosamala kwambiri.
Chofunikira chofunikira kwambiri ndi Kuwala kwa nthaka, komwe kumatha kutaya chinyezi mwachindunji ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukuperekedwa.
Ndikofunikanso kuti dothi liri ndi feteleza zambiri, ndipo asidi yake siidapitirira mtengo wa 6 pH.
Zili zovuta kupeza chisakanizo cha nthaka potengera kusakaniza, kotero ndi bwino kupita ku shopu yapadera ndi kugula malo okonzedweratu chifukwa cha zomera zamkati. Choonadi ndi nthaka yomwe idagulidwa sizowonjezera kuwonjezera mchenga. 
Ngati, komabe, mutsimikizire kukonzekera nthaka yosakaniza kwa hippeastrum nokha, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu za izo (chiŵerengero chikuwonetsedwa ndi manambala):
- dothi ladothi (2);
- nthaka (1);
- humus (1);
- peat (1);
- mchenga (1).
Ndi mababu a hippeastrum omwe ndiyenera kusankha?
Kaŵirikaŵiri, mababu a hippeastrum amatha kugulidwa pa malo ogulitsa maluwa nthawi zonse. Komabe, posankha mababu, muyenera kukhala omvetsera mwatcheru, ngati kubzala zinthu zowonongeka kukubweretsani mavuto.
Ndibwino kuti muwatsatire mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja, chifukwa ino ndiyo nthawi yabwino yokakamiza duwa.
Chitsimikizo chofunika kwambiri chopeza maluwa aakulu ndi abwino ndi Izi ndizogwiritsa ntchito mababu akuluakulu omwe amasunga zakudya zokwanira. Chifukwa cha izi, sikuti chimango chachikulu chidzatuluka pa babu, koma chidzatsimikiziridwa kukhala maluwa.
Koma kuwonjezera pa kukula kwakukulu, babu ayenera kukhala ndi khosi lamphamvu komanso pansi. Eya, ngati mamba akumwamba adzakhala wouma ndi bulauni. Ngati pali zisindikizo pa babu, mdima wofiira kapena mdima, kuwonongeka - kwatha kale ndipo sikuyenera kugula.
Koma nthawi zambiri mababuwo amagulitsidwa osati m'matumba opanda nthaka, komanso miphika. Zikatero, mukamagula duwa, m'pofunika kuyang'ana mizu ya babu, yomwe iyenera kuwonetseredwa pansi pa mphika.
Bulu wathanzi lidzawonetsa:
- mizu yoyera;
- olimbikira ndi olimba kukhudza thupi la babu;
- zowuma, bulauni;
- kusowa kwa malo otupa ndi malo osinthidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati sitolo imapereka kuchotsera kwakukulu pa mababu a hippeastrum, onetsetsani kuti muwafunse ogulitsa zomwe akugwirizana nazo. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika pogulitsa zokolola zovunda, ngakhale mitengo ikhoza kuchepetsedwa pokwaniritsa nyengo yobzala.
Mungapeze kuti gippeastrum?
Hippeastrum imakonda kutentha pang'ono, komwe nyengo yake ikukula sikuyenera kupitirira +23 ˚С, koma sayenera kugwa pansipa +17 С.
Komabe, ngati tikukamba za nthawi yopuma, ndiye bwino kuchotsa babu mu chipinda ndikupita nacho pansi, kumene kutentha kuli.
Popeza hippeastrum imakonda dzuwa, imakhala ndi malo pafupi ndiwindo lomwe kuwala kumakhala pafupifupi tsiku lonse. Koma kuwala kwa dzuŵa sikuyenera kuonekera pang'onopang'ono pa duwa, ndi bwino kutseka zowonjezera zowoneka zenera kuti masamba ndi maluwa a hippeastrum asadzitenthe okha.
Pachifukwa ichi, mphika wokhala ndi duwa iyenera kusinthasintha nthawi zonse, mwinamwake ikhoza kutambasula mbali imodzi.
Kuunikira bwino n'kofunika kwa hippeastrum ngakhale mutatha maluwa, chifukwa popanda izo, babu ndi mbewu mu bokosi sangathe kuphuka mokwanira kuti zitsatidwe.
Kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi kofunikanso kwa duwa, ndipo ngati kuli kochepa, kumafuna kupopera mbewu (penyani kuti madontho a madzi asagwe pa maluwa).
Kubzala ndi kubalana kwa hippeastrum
Hippeastrum ikusonyeza kuti mukubzala m'njira zosiyanasiyana, pakati pazimene mbeu ndi zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Mukhoza kuyesa aliyense.
Njira ya Mbewu
Kudyetsa hippeastrum mu mphika ndi njira ya mbeu kumaphatikizapo kusasitsa kwathunthu kwa bokosi lopangidwa pambuyo pa maluwa.
Nkofunika kwambiri kuti panthawi imeneyi mbewu imalandira michere yokwanira, chinyezi ndi dzuwa, chifukwa apo ayi mbeu sizingathe.
Bokosili liri ndi zowuma kwambiri, limangowonongeka, kenako mbeu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yobzala.
Taganizirani kuti pamene mbeu yoberekera ya hippeastrum, m'chaka choyamba cha kufesa, babu mu nthaka imangoyamba kupanga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chaka chotsatira chingapereke mtsuko ndi masamba. Zitha kutenga zaka 1-2 kuti mutenge pachimake.
Komabe, ngakhale pakufunika kudikira kwa maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi chifukwa cha njira yomwe imatha kupezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gippeastrum ndi kuwonetsera koyera kwa makhalidwe onse.
Njira zamasamba
Njira zokolola zamasamba za hippeastrum zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mababu aakazi, omwe amapangidwa pafupi ndi waukulu (angathe kupatulidwa pokhapokha maperesentiwa atachepera 2 cm), kapena pogawa mababu mu magawo awiri.
Njira ziwirizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati bulbu imakumba pansi.
Mukamabzala hippeastrum mothandizidwa ndi mababu a mwana wamkazi, maluwa amapezanso osati chaka choyamba. Afunika zaka 2-3 kuti akhwime ndi kupeza mphamvu kwa maluwa.
Tekeni yamakono
Pamene mukudzala mababu mu nthaka yomwe idakonzedwa kale, ndikofunika kuganizira zochitika izi:
- dzenje lakuya ndi dothi losakanikirana la dongo kapena miyala yochuluka ayenera kukhalapo mu mphika wa maluwa, zomwe sizidzalola kuti chinyontho chiziyenda;
- Mukamabzala, babu saloŵa mu nthaka - gawo lake la pamwamba liyenera kukhala pamwamba pa pamwamba;
- Pakukula kwa mbeu, nkofunika kubwezeretsa nthaka 1-2 pa chaka, popeza gippeastrumas imayamwa kwambiri zakudya zowonjezera, ndipo sizikusowa zoposera kamodzi pa zaka zitatu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mutabzala kapena kukulitsa mababuwo muli mamba omwe amachotsedwa mosavuta ndi zala zanu, ndibwino kuti muwachotse mwamsanga, chifukwa iwo afa kale ndipo adzavunda pazomwe akukumana ndi chinyezi.
Kukula mchimbudzi mu mphika
Pamene mukukula hippeastrum kunyumba, maluwa ayenera kupatsidwa chidwi ndi chisamaliro. Ngakhale kuti ndizopangira malo abwino oti akule, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa, komabe chomera ichi chiri nacho chofunikira pazinthu zonsezi.
Kuthirira Hippeastrum
Hippeastrum mu ulimi wa ulimi wothirira ndi mphepo yamkuntho, chifukwa sungakhale wodzazidwa ndi madzi kapena kuloledwa kulekerera kusowa kwa chinyezi. Komanso pa nthawi iliyonse ya kukula, imafunika mlingo wamadzi wapadera:
- Ambiri mwa madziwa amafunika nthawi ya maluwa. Makamaka, mpaka muvi ndi mphukira ya maluwa wakula kufika masentimita 15, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, kumalola dothi la pamwamba kuti liume pakati pa madzi.
Komabe, mwamsanga pambuyo poonekera kwa maluwa, madzi okwanira ayenera kuwonjezeka, ngakhale izi sizikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse padzakhala chithawe mu mphika. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kungawononge hippeastrum.
- Mu nthawi isanayambe komanso pambuyo, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, ndi dothi lakumila.
- Pamene chomeracho chimatumizidwa kukapumula, chidzafuna chinyontho kamodzi kamodzi pa miyezi 1.5. Panthawi yomweyi ndi bwino kupanga madzi ambiri pansi.
Chonde dziwani kuti madzi sayenera kugwera pa babu - ayenera kuthiridwa mu nthaka.
Feteleza ndi kuvala
Manyowa a hippeastrum ayenera kusankhidwa kuchokera pa siteji ya chitukuko cha maluwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndikofunika kusinthana pakati pa mchere ndi zowonjezera mavitamini.
Monga yoyamba, ndi bwino kugula feteleza wapadera opangidwa ndi bulbous m'nyumba. Kudyetsa gippeastrum kudutsa molingana ndi ndondomeko iyi:
- pamene chomera chimamera, timapanga nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous;
- pamene chomera chikuyamba kukula kuchokera ku babu - ndi nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu;
- Mwezi umodzi usanayambe chomera, malo onse odyera ayenera kuyimitsidwa.
Kuonjezerapo, ngati mwasintha kapena munabzala hippeastrum - chakudya choyamba chiyenera kuchitika pasanathe mwezi umodzi.
Kodi kupanga gippeastrum pachimake?
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti babu amapereka mivi ndi masamba kwa zaka zingapo mzere, koma maluwawo sapezeka pa iwo. Chifukwa choyamba chingakhale chaching'ono cha anyezi, chomwe chiribe mphamvu zokwanira kuti ziphuphuke, ngakhale zifukwa zingakhale zobisika mu chisamaliro:
- Ngati babu ndi yaing'ono, iyenera kudyetsedwa kwa iye kuti ipeze mphamvu, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo padzakhala maluwa.
Pofuna kudyetsa babu, gwiritsani ntchito potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni, komanso musaiwale kuti mupereke kuwala kochuluka.
Ndi kulera kwakukulu, babu sikutanthauza nthawi yambiri, ndiko kuti kudyetsa hippeastrum kungapangidwe mpaka kuonekera kwa peduncle.
- Kuti duwa liwonekere, ndikofunika kuti babu ipezenso mphamvu ndikuika muvi womwe umawoneka pambuyo pa masamba 4 okha.
- Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maluwa kungakhale kusowa kwa zakudya, zomwe ndizolimba
babu sichipatsa mpata kuti amasule mzerewo.Pofuna kupewa izi, yesetsani kusintha chaka chilichonse mumphika ndi chomera, ndipo chitani zaka ziwiri.
Komanso, pangani chakudya choyenera komanso cha panthaŵi yake molingana ndi zosowa za maluwa.
- Samalani kuunikira kokwanira, popeza kuti kulibe kuwala kwa hippeastrum sikudzakhalanso pachimake. Nthawi zina, ngakhale nthawi yamasiku, babu iyenera kutsalira pazenera zowonekera.
- Ndi kovuta kukwaniritsa maluwa a hippeastrum mu miphika yayikulu kwambiri. Choncho, onetsetsani kuti pasanathe masentimita asanu kuchokera pa babu mpaka pamakona a mphika, ndipo ndi bwino ngati pali masentimita atatu okha otsalira.
- Pambuyo pa maluwa, tumizani chomera kuti mupumule, chomwe chiyenera kukhala miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Pa nthawiyi nkofunika kuti duwa likhalebe pamalo ozizira ndi amdima.
babu sichipatsa mpata kuti amasule mzerewo.Mukudziwa? Hippeastrum imapezeka kuthengo. M'madera otentha, pali mitundu pafupifupi 75 ya maluŵa awa, ndipo ngakhale kuti nambala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hippeastrum imakhala yaying'ono kangapo, imakhala yokongola kwambiri.
Nthawi yopumula ndi kuika
Hippeastrum imafuna chisamaliro ndi pambuyo pa maluwa. Ayenera kuthandizira kubwezeretsa ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kuziika zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri.
Chowonadi chakuti chomera chiri wokonzeka kupumula, iwe udzayendetsedwa ndi masamba ake ndi mababu mu kukula (ndipo ndithudi maluwa osweka).
Kwa ena onse, chomeracho chingatengedwe mwachindunji kumsana ndi masamba. Mu miyezi 2-3, babu amachotsa zakudya zonse m'magulu ndipo amatha kupeza mphamvu zowonjezera zomera ndi maluwa. Masamba amatha kuchotsedwa atakhala achikasu ndi owuma.
Hippeastrum idzakhala yokonzeka kubzala mababu, mwina musanachoke pantchito kapena pambuyo pake.
Pakati pa kukula kwa masamba ndi maluwa, chomeracho sichiyenera kukhudzidwa, chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito koteroko kungasokoneze kukula kwake ndi kuwononga.
N'zotheka kubwezeretsa duwa ili kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri, komabe, kusintha kwa pachaka sikungasokoneze.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a hippeastrum
Ngati palibe njira zaulimi zosayenera pa hippeastruma, tizilombo tingathe kuwonetsa kuti ndizofunika kuwononga nthawi yomweyo:
- Mukawona aphid pa duwa lomwe limadyetsa masamba a masamba, Actellic idzakuthandizani kuchotsa.
- Mealybugs omwe ali ndi zilonda zambiri amatha kuwononga zomera, chifukwa zimakhudza osati masamba okha, komanso babu. Ngati chomeracho chikukhudzidwa kwambiri, ndi bwino kuchiponyera kutali.
Kawirikawiri, mphutsi ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku hippeastrum pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yothira madzi sopo. Kuchokera ku malo ovuta kufika, iwo akhoza kufikira ndi gauze atakulungidwa mu kondomu, kuvulaza pa alumali.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa karbofos kumathandizanso (madontho 20-40 a chinthu akuwonjezeredwa ku 1 l madzi kupopera mbewu).
- Pamene masamba a gippeastrum ali ndi chivundikiro cha siliva ndi mabubu, izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa kangaude pa chomera.
Ndikofunika kulimbana ndi kuchotsa masamba okhudzidwa ndikuwachapa ndi madzi ofunda. Pofuna kupewa zochitikazo, nthawi zonse muzimitsa chipinda chomwe chimayimilira.
Koma sizothandiza kulimbana ndi zojambulajambula, choncho chomera chomwe chimakhudzidwa nacho chimatha kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira hippeastrum ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kuleza mtima kwa wolima. Muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti mbewu siimapanga maluwa pachaka, makamaka ngati munagwiritsa ntchito nyemba zobzala kapena mababu anu aakazi.
Simudzatha kuwona maluwa pa hippeastrum ngakhale ngati simumupatsa chisamaliro chofunikira. Choncho, musanayambe kukula maluwa, phunzirani tsatanetsatane wa ndondomekoyi.
