Piritsi Yamadzi Yothirira - chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri cha hydraulic mu dziko la dacha kumene kulibe madzi kuchokera mumsewu waukulu wa madzi. Ngati mavitamini ndi mitsuko ya maluwa yokhazikika, ndiyomwe mungaphunzirepo momwe mungasankhire mapampu pomwa madzi m'munda.
Kufotokozera za mpweya wa ulimi wothirira ndi mitundu yake
Mbali yaikulu ya mapiritsi a mbiya kuti amwe madzi m'munda ndi kuti amatha kupanga kupanikizika ndi kupopera madzi kunja kwa mbiya, kudyetsa kupyolera mu payipi kupita ku malo abwino. Mwina izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa unit, chopukutira chimapangidwira mkati mwake, momwe madzi amakokera. Pamene mpweya umapangidwa mosalekeza, magawo onse atsopano a madzi amaponyedwa mu dothi, ndipo iwo omwe agwera mmenemo, poyamba poyesedwa, amatayidwa kunja.
Pali mapampu apadera omwe amapangidwa makamaka kuti agwire ntchito ndi mbiya. Iwo amadziwika ndi zigawo zawo zofanana, komanso kukhalapo kwa payipi ya madzi (mwazinthu zofanana, ngakhale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso operekera zakudya) ndi madzi olamulira. Zosakaniza zimayikidwa pa mapampu ambiri a mtundu umenewu, choncho ndikofunikira kusankha madzi abwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito, mpweya wotere umangokhalira kumangirira pamphepete mwa mbiya ndipo imayamba kuchokera kumalo otulutsa mphamvu kapena kuchokera ku batri. Kuwonjezera pa kuyanjana ndi kosavuta koyika, zipangizo zoterezi zimapangitsa kukhazikitsa ulimi wothirira kuwonjezera madzi ndi feteleza. Mapampu amodzi omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi makina opangidwa ndi kampani ya ku Germany Kärcher.
Komabe, pokonzekera ulimi wothirira munda wamphesa kuchokera mu mbiya, simungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zamakono zokha, komanso mitundu ina yamapampu yomwe ikhoza kukhala pakhomo lanu.
Mukudziwa? Phindu lalikulu la kuthirira kuchokera ku mbiya ndizochuma, chifukwa zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuthirira mapepala ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Zokwera zawo zimakhala za UAH 400 mpaka 1500,000, ndipo moyo wautumiki suli wokhazikika.
Kuthamangitsidwa
Pope losasunthika la mbiya poti kuthirira mabedi ndi losiyana chifukwa limatsikira mwachindunji mumtsuko wa madzi, womwe umadzatulukamo. Mapampu amenewa apangidwa kuti apereke madzi ku zitsime ndi zitsime, choncho nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu. Pakusankha mpweya wosasunthika mu mbiya kuti udiridwe, ndibwino kukhalabe wophweka komanso wofooka, chifukwa simungathe kupeza mbiya yokhala ndi malita oposa 500 m'dera lanu.
Mukamagula mpweya wotero, ndi bwino kukumbukira zomwe zikuchitika:
- Mosiyana ndi mpope wa piritsi, mpope wotumidwa sungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokha pokha.
- Pampu yamadzimadzi imatha kukweza madzi kuchokera pansi pazomwe amatsitsa.
- M'nyengo yozizira, ntchito ya mapombero osokonezeka mu mbiya sizingatheke, ngakhale kuti imatha kugwira ntchito popanda madzi opanda chisanu.
- Ndilo chipangizo chamtendere kwambiri chotirira, monga chimagwirira ntchito pansi pa madzi.
Kusamba
Pampu yamadzi ya ulimi wothirira kuchokera ku mbiya ndipo kawirikawiri kuthirira mabedi sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa cholinga chake ndi kupopera madzi kuchokera ku chipinda chosungiramo madzi. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mpope wotere pa famuyi, ikhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi zosowa za m'munda. Kwa ulimi wothirira, mungagwiritse ntchito mphamvu yaing'ono kwambiri kukhetsa mpope. Pa nthawi yomweyi, sangathe kupereka madzi kuchokera ku mbiya, koma ngakhale kuchokera ku dziwe, ngati pali limodzi pa tsamba lanu.
Pamwamba
Pampu yam'mwamba ya ulimi wothirira kuchokera ku mbiya ili ndi mfundo yotsatirayi: chipangizo chomwecho chimayikidwa pamtunda wolimba, ndipo madzi akumwa kuchokera mmenemo amaponyedwa mu mbiya. Kumbali ina, chitoliro chachikulu chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mpope, momwe madzi omwe amachokera mu mbiya amaperekedwa, ndipo kuchokera komwe mudzatha kuthirira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mwasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mpopu pamtunda kuti mupereke madzi kuchokera pachitsime, onani kuti simungathe kunyamula madzi kuchokera mozama mamita 9. Komabe, pankhani ya mbiya, idzagwira bwino ntchito.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mpope wothirira mbiya
Kumwa madzi kumunda komwe, kupatula ku chitsime chakale kapena dziwe, palibe malo ena omwe amapezeka madzi, anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ayenera kuthamanga madzulo onse kapena m'mawa uliwonse ndi zidebe zazikulu ndi zitini zothirira. Koma ngati mundawo ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndi bwino kulingalira za kuchepetsa ntchito ya kuthirira, ndi zomwe madzi apopopi amadzipangira.
Ubwino wa ntchito yake ndi:
- kuchepetsa kwakukulu nthawi yothirira;
- mwayi wopezera madzi a mvula kumunda omwe anasonkhanitsidwa m'mabotolo a zinyalala;
- Kukhoza kuthirira pamene mavuto akugwa pakati pa madzi;
- kukwanitsa kunyamula ndi kugwirizanitsa kachidutswa kake ka ulimi wothirira, nthawi iliyonse kutenga madzi ku barreli atayikidwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za webusaitiyi;
- kuthekera kuwonjezera feteleza zamchere kuti azithirira ulimi wothirira komanso nthawi imodzi kuti azithirira zomera m'munda.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi njira yopopera madzi ndi mpope yokha, zipangizozi zimagawanika kukhala centrifugal, vortex ndi vibration. Pofuna kuthirira munda, ndi bwino kuti musankhe kuthamanga, chifukwa amatha kupopera ngakhale madzi oipitsidwa ndipo sadzalephera ngakhale mpweya.
Mbali za mapepala a ulimi wothirira: momwe mungasankhire njira yabwino
Sizowonongeka kuti musankhe njira yabwino yopopera pakhomo lanu lachilimwe, monga momwe zilili padzakhala kufunikira kwa zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zosiyana.
Ndikofunikira kuti poyamba mudziwe mafunso otsatirawa:
- Kodi mpope idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kupatsa madzi kuchokera mu mbiya, kapena palifunikira kuigwiritsa ntchito kupopera madzi kuchokera pansi kapena madzi kuchokera pachitsime?
- Ndi mtunda wotani kuchokera ku mbiya ndi mabedi ndi munda wa maluwa (kuganizira mtunda uwu, osati mphamvu yokha pokha yomwe idzapangidwe, komanso kutalika kwa malo opangira madzi)?
- Kodi malowa ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, ndi chiani chitsogozo chawo ndi kukula kwake?
- Pampu idzakhala nthawi yaitali bwanji?
- Kodi munda wamunda ndi wawukulu bwanji (mumakhala ndi chinyezi chotani pa tsiku ndi tsiku)?
- Kodi ndi madzi otani omwe amafunikira - kutayira, mvula kapena pansi pazu?
Malingana ndi zizindikiro zonsezi, tiyeni tipitirize kuwerengera mphamvu ya pamapepala yomwe ilipo, yomwe ili ndi malita angati a madzi pompopopera mkati mwa mphindi imodzi. Zikuonekeratu kuti ngati tikukamba za kuthirira mbewu za m'munda, madzi ochuluka kwambiri akhoza kuwawononga. Choncho, mphamvu ya mpope ya 200 l mbiya ya ulimi wothirira ikhale pafupifupi 5-10 malita pa mphindi imodzi. Poganizira kuti kufunikira kwa zomera za m'munda kumadzi ndi malita asanu pa 1 sq. Km. M, kwa mphindi imodzi mutha kutsanulira pafupi 2 mamita asanu. M ya munda wanu, kuyambitsa chinyezi molondola momwe zingathere.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati malo a munda ndi aakulu kwambiri - pafupifupi mamita 300 lalikulu. m, ndiye kuti mpope iyenera kusankhidwa ndi kukolola kwakukulu, mwinamwake mudzathera nthawi yochuluka pa kuthirira. Pofuna kutsanulira malo otero mu mphindi 30-50, mukufunikira mpope wokwanira 30-50 l / min.
Koma mgwirizano wa chakudya umadalira mphamvu yomwe pampeni ikhoza kupereka, ndi kutalika kumene unit ikuyenera kukweza madzi, ndi kutalika komwe madzi ayenera kuponyedwa. Tiyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti ngati kusiyana pakati pa kutalika kwa madzi ndi kutalika kwa kukhetsa kwakukulu, - kupanikizika kudzakhala kochepa. 
Kusankha mpope ndi malo abwino, ndikofunikira kupanga ziwerengero zina. Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi mbiya yamadzi yomwe ikumba mamita 1.5, ndipo bedi lomwe likusowa kuthirira liri ndi mamita 35 (35x0.1 = 3.5). Yang'anani mwamsanga kutaya kwa 20% kwavuto chifukwa cha kugwirizana ndi kutembenukira. Kenaka, timafotokoza mwachidule kukula kwa madzi, kutalika kwa mabedi ndi chiwerengero cha kutaya mutu: 1,5+3,5+7=12. Tikulimbikitsanso kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha masentimita khumi ndi awiri (10-15) kwa mtengo wopindulitsa, zomwe zidzasowa kugula mpweya wokhala ndi makina 25-30 (chizindikiro ichi chidzasonyezedwa pa chidziwitso cha pompani ndi kalata "H").
Ponena za mphamvu ya pomp, idzadalira mwachindunji mtundu wa kuthirira umene ukufunikira makamaka munda wanu. Mphamvu yamapope yothirira madzi kuchokera ku mbiya ikhoza kukhala yochepa. Ngati mukusowa kuthirira mitengo yambiri yamaluwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kutenga mpope yomwe imatha kupirira mavuto aakulu.
Momwe mungakonzere ulimi wothirira mbiya
Pampu iliyonse imakhala ndi machitidwe ake omwe ndi ofunikira kudziŵa pamene akugwirizanitsa aliyense pa mbiya yamadzi. M'munsimu tikambirana funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.
Mbali za bungwe la kuthirira madzi otsekemera
Pampu yowonongeka ya madzi kuchokera mu thanki imagwirizanitsa zovuta kwambiri, kawirikawiri kuti kuyimitsa kwake kumafuna thandizo la katswiri. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti chipangizocho chidzagwira ntchito m'madzi, choncho ngakhale nthiti imodzi yopotoka ingapangitse kuti pompani iswe kapena kutaya kang'onopang'ono pamagulu ake.
Pokonzekera ulimi wothirira ndi mpweya wodetsedwa, nthawi zambiri simungathe kunyamula chipangizochi, choncho mbiya imodzi yokha ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku ulimi wothirira. Chinthu chinanso ndi chakuti mpope sungathe kupopera madzi onse kunja kwa mbiya, choncho padzakhala zatsalira pansi zomwe zingapangidwe pakapita nthawi. Pankhani imeneyi, mbiya iyenera nthawi zonse kusamba. Chinthu chinanso chosagwiritsira ntchito mapampu osasunthika ndizosatheka kuthetsa feteleza m'madzi kuti azithirira, popeza akhoza kuwononga unitokha.
Momwe mungakonzekere madzi okwanira pamadzi
Ndi bwino kugwirizanitsa mpweya wa mbiya kwa mbiya yomwe imakumbidwa pansi, zomwe zimachepetsa kutaya kwa madzi pamene akukoka madzi kumunda. Mtundu woterewu ndi woyenera kumwetsa munda, popeza, ndi mutu wawung'ono, amatha kutulutsa madzi ochulukirapo pamtunda. Ndi pulogalamu yotsekemera iyi, mungathe kuponyera pamphepete mwa mitengo kapena pakati pa mabedi awiri ndikutsata madzi opanda madzi.
Kuthirira munda ndi mpweya wa pamwamba
Pampu yamaluwa ya ulimi wothirira mitundu yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukhalapo kwa mphamvu zamphamvu pamene ntchitoyi ikugwira ntchito. Choncho, ndikofunika kuika pompani pamtunda, ndikuyika matayika pansi pake (izo zidzasokoneza mavulumu ndikupangitsa mpope kukhala chete). Zimakhala zosavuta kugwirizanitsa mpweya wotere; panthawi imodzimodziyo zimatha kutumizidwa m'munda ndipo zimayikidwa pa mfundo iliyonse yabwino. Komabe, mutatha kuthirira madzi oterewa ndi kofunikira kubisala kapena kubisala m'chipindamo.
Mbali za ntchito ya mapampu mu dziko: momwe mungatambitsire moyo wa chipangizocho
Mpope wamagetsi wothandizira madzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Pa nthawi ino, akhoza kukhala mumsewu mozungulira koloko, chinthu chachikulu ndikumusungira mvula.
Koma kutentha kutangoyamba kugwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye mapampu a ulimi wothirira mmadzi ndi phulusa lokha, kuchokera kumene amapereka madzi, kuwawuma bwino, kuchotsa dothi lililonse ndikuwatsitsimutsa ku chipinda chofunda ndi chouma. Ngati mpope ili ndi chipangizo chotetezera, yikani. Nkofunika kwambiri kuti musalole kuti mpope ayambe kugwira ntchito popanda madzi, chifukwa izi zingawononge masensa ake. Njira yosungirako idzaloleza kugwiritsa ntchito mpope womwewo kwa nyengo zosatha. 
Mipampu yachonde ya ulimi wothirira ku mbiya imakhala yosiyana komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito, komabe, ngati yogwirizana bwino, amatha kupereka munda wanu ndikupereka madzi okwanira kuchokera ku mbiya kapena chotengera china ndi madzi. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha mphamvu zofunikira ndi zokolola pa tsamba lanu, kuti kuthirira mahekitala 10 a m'mundamu sikutambasula maola asanu.
