Mitambo ya tomato ikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Kodi mukufunikira kudziwa chiyani kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri nthawi ino?

Ambiri amadzifunsa ngati n'zotheka kukula tomato m'nyengo yozizira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti izi ndizotheka kwa aliyense.

Kupeza zokolola za tomato wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira ndizoona osati zowonjezera zokha za mafakitale.

Inde, pali maonekedwe ndi zovuta, koma zimatha kuthetseratu ngati mukutsatira malamulo ena a kulima. Koma zotsatira zake zidzabwezeretsa zonse zomwe zimagula katundu komanso ntchito yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndi mitundu iti ya tomato imene mungasankhe?

Chofunikira chachikulu chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku "nyengo yozizira" mitundu ya tomato - kukula kwawo kwabwino ku zinthu zochepa. Chinthu chachiwiri chofunika kwambiri kuti chikhale chosiyana ndi chikhazikitso chake., ndiko kuti, kuthekera kukula.

Zimakupatsani inu kupanga mphukira yowona, ndiko kuti, kuti mutenge zokolola zochuluka kuchokera kumalo osachepera. Zofunikira zina za zosiyanasiyana ndizoyendera - kukoma kwabwino, zokolola zambiri, kucha msanga, kukana matenda, kusowa kwa chizoloŵezi, ndi zina zotero.

Zofunikira izi zimagwiridwa ndi phwetekere zamakono zamakono.

Samara F1

Kutalika 2-2.5 mamita, fruiting mu masiku 90-95, Zipatso zolemera 80-100 g.

Vasilievna F1

Kutalika mamita awiri-2-2. Srednerosly, fruiting patatha masiku 95-97, kulemera kwa mwana wosabadwa pafupifupi 150 g

Divo F1

Kutalika 1.7-1.9 mamita, fruiting patatha masiku 100, kulemera kwa mwana wosabadwa - 150-200 g kapena zambiri.

Annabel F1

Srednerosly, fruiting pambuyo pa masiku 119, zipatso zolemera 110-120 g.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, hybrids ndi otchuka:

• Eupator;
• Purezidenti;
• Raisa;
• Dobrun;
• Mwana;
• Flamenco;
• Chipulumutso;
• Octopus;
• Amber;
• Mkuntho, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi kukonzekera wowonjezera kutentha?

Pofuna kukonzekera kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira, nkofunika:

1. chotsani nsonga zakale ndi zinyalala;
2. ayang'anitseni wowonjezera kutentha, konzani zofunikira;
3. onetsetsani thanzi la kuyatsa, Kutentha ndi kayendedwe ka madzi;
4. chotsani 10-15 masentimita a pamwamba;
5. konzani pansi.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yomwe imapangidwa kuti ikule tomato ndi kusakaniza kwa humus ndi nthaka mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1.

Malondawa ndi osanjikiza (biofuel). Ndi gawo lapansi: manyowa, zowonongeka, utuchi, udzu. Udzu sayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi herbicides.. Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa pa 1 mamita² - 10-12 makilogalamu.

Udzu wothira feteleza ndi madzi owiritsa mpaka utasungunuka. Mankhwala opangira feteleza pa 100 kg ya udzu:

• laimu - 1 makilogalamu;
• urea - 1.3 makilogalamu;
• potaziyamu nitrate - 1 makilogalamu;
• superphosphate - 1 makilogalamu;
• potaziyamu sulphate - 0,5 makilogalamu.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kukula pa udzu. Mbendera imatentha mpaka madigiri 40-50. Patangotha ​​sabata, ndondomekoyo imathera, ndipo kutentha kumadutsa madigiri pafupifupi 35, dothi lolemera pafupifupi masentimita 10 limayikidwa pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Kenaka, nthaka imakhetsedwa nthawi zonse ndipo makulidwe ake amatha kufika 20-25 cm.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 1% ya potassium permanganate kapena 3% ya nitraphine. Pochotseratu mankhwalawa, ndi kofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthaka yokonzekera "Nematophagin".

Monga njira ina mankhwala ochiritsira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti apeze biohumus - California red worm. Zimayendetsa bwino gawo lapansi, panthawi imodzimodziyo kukonzanso malo a nthaka.

Kukula mbande

Izi zachitika monga izi:

1. Mbewu inagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati adasungidwa pamalo ozizira (m'firiji), ayenera kutenthedwa mmwamba masabata 2-3 asanafesedwe. Mu vuto losavuta, masiku angapo ndi okwanira kuwasunga pa betri.
2. Mbewu zimayambitsidwa pozigwira kwa mphindi 20 mu 1% yothetsera potassium permanganate pa 40⁰ Pakani kapena kuyikapo kwa mphindi 8 mu 2-3% yothetsera hydrogen peroxide.
3. Kukonzekera chisakanizo cha humus, peat ndi sod land.
4. Kusakaniza kwa dziko lapansi kumatetezedwa ndi 1% yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena steamed.
5. Madzi amasindikizidwa pansi pa mabokosi a matabwa - owonjezera dongo, wophwanyidwa pine makungwa, ndi zina zotero.
6. Thirani nthaka, mopepuka tamped.
7. Gwiritsani grooves ndi kuya kwa 0,5 masentimita ndikufesa mu iwo okonzeka mbewu ndi nthawi ya masentimita 3-4.
8. Pukuta mabokosiwo ndi madzi ofunda ndikuphimba ndi galasi.
9. Pambuyo kumera, galasi imachotsedwa ndipo mabokosiwa amaikidwa m'chipinda chozizira (14⁰-16⁰ masana ndi 10⁰-12⁰ usiku).
10. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo kutentha kumabweretsa, kubweretsa tsiku kufika 18⁰-20⁰ndi usiku mpaka 12⁰-14⁰.
11. Mbande zokweza zimalira maola 12-14 pa tsiku.

Kusankha

Kusankha ndikofunikira kuti athandize kukula kwa mizu. Zimachitika pamene mbande zimataya masamba awiri oyambirira. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zomera zazing'ono zimasamutsidwa ku mapepala kapena mapepala a pepala ndi nthaka yosakaniza.

Mukasamukira, tsambani mzu waukulu mwa pafupifupi 1/3. Mbewuyo imayikidwa mu chikho kwa ziphuphu ndi zosavuta. Kwa zomera zouma, kuunikira kwaimitsidwa kwa masiku 3-4. Ndiye magetsi akutembenuzidwanso.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Mitengo yasankhidwa imathiridwa moyenera - 2-3 pa sabata.. Kudyetsa kumachitika katatu: nthawi yoyamba pa sabata pambuyo pa kusankhidwa, nthawi yachiwiri - pambuyo pakuwoneka kwa pepala lachitatu, nthawi yachitatu - pambuyo pa tchati lachisanu. Ammonium sulfate (1.5 g / l) kapena osakaniza a nitrogen-phosphorous-potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zovala.

Kusunthira ku malo osatha

Kusindikizidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika pamene zomera zikukula masamba 6-7 oona.

1. Masiku angapo musanayambe kusamba, mbande zimatumizidwa ku wowonjezera kutentha kotero kuti zizoloŵezi zatsopano.
2. Kutentha kwa mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha kumadzetsa 23⁰-24⁰.
3. Mlungu umodzi musanayambe kusindikizidwa, mbande zimatulutsidwa ndi 5% zamkuwa zamkuwa zothandizira kupewa matenda a fungal.
4. Masiku awiri musanasambe, mbande zimamwe madzi ambiri.
5. Chida cholowera - tepi awiri mzere. Mu nthaka mumapanga mabowo pamtunda wa mamita pafupifupi theka kuchokera mzake. Ngati mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyanawa ali amphamvu, mtunda wa pakati pa mabowo ndi 60-70 cm, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ndi 60-90 cm.
6. Zitsime zimatengedwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (2 g / l).
7. Osachepera 0,5 malita a madzi (osati ozizira!) Amatsanuliridwa mu chitsime chilichonse.
8. Kutembenuka, chotsani mosamala mbewuyo pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi.
9. Mbewuyo imasunthira mu dzenje, kuyikidwa pambali pa cotyledon, ndi mosamala tamped.

Malamulo osamalira

Mchitidwe wa chinyezi

Kutentha kwa hygrometer kuyenera kukhala pafupi 60-70%.. Poyang'ana, chizindikiro cha chizindikiro cha chinyontho chofunikira chokhala ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse chimakhala chonyowa pansi pa tchire ndi masamba owuma a tchire okha.

Sabata yoyamba mutatha kusindikizidwa, zomera sizimamwe madzi konse. Pamene mizu imayamba, mukhoza kuyamba kuthirira. Kutentha kwamadzi madzi ndi madigiri 20-22. Pamaso pa tomato maluwa madzi amatha masiku 4-5. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi - 4-5 malita pa mita imodzi. Pambuyo pa kuyamba maluwa, kuthirira kuchuluka kwa 10-12 malita. Madzi pazu.

Kutentha

Tomato sangalekerere kukula kwakukulu komanso mwadzidzidzi kutentha.. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kutentha kumafunika 22⁰-24⁰, kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala pafupi 19⁰. Pa kutentha kwakukulu, zomera zidzagwa masamba, maluwa, ndi mazira.

Njira zothandizira izi zigawo zoyenera kutentha zimadalira momwe kutentha kumatenthedwa. Zikatero, ngati wowonjezera kutentha ndikutentha ndi magetsi, njirayi imapezeka pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwapadera.

Kuwunika

Palibe chifukwa cha kuunikira kwanthawi zonse. Ulendo woyenera wa tsiku mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa tomato ndi maola 16-18. Ngati mbande idabzalidwa mu September-Oktoba, ndiye kuti nthawi yowonjezera idzawonjezeka, chifukwa nyengo ya kukula idzagwa pa tsiku lalifupi. Ngati tomato amafesedwa mu November-December, ndiye kuti nthawi yokula kwambiri idzagwirizana ndi kuwonjezera nthawi yowonjezera, ndipo kuunika kwina kungachepe.

Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, dzuŵa litayamba kuwala, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti tomato sotentha. Pa chomera ichi, nthawi zina ndikofunika kuti mthunzi ukhale wotetezedwa makamaka makamaka kuteteza ovary.

Belt girter

Mitengo ya phwetekere yosakanikirana yomwe imakula mumalo obiriwira amafunika kuti ikhale yoyenera. Garter iyenera kuyambitsidwa 3-4 patapita masiku okumbidwa. Zipukuti zimakonzedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiko kuti, mizere ya waya wandiweyani wotambasula pa mamita 1.8 mamita.

Chomera chilichonse sichimangiriridwa mwamphamvu pansi, ndipo mbali ina ya chingwe imamangirizidwa ku trellis. Pamene akukula, tsinde lamapotola chingwe. Zovuta kwambiri kuti muzimitse garter zisakhale. Kutseka tsinde pa trellis pali zida zapadera. Pamene chomera chikufikira kutalika kwake, pamwambazi ziyenera kunamizidwa.

Masking

Steps - yachiwiri-kutha kutuluka yomwe ikupezeka pachifuwa cha tsamba. Ayenera kuchotsedwa chifukwa akuchotsa chomera pachabe, popanda kuwonjezera zokolola. Chotsani ana opezawo, osapitirira masentimita 3-5 m'litali. Nthawi zina m'modzi mwa masitepe amasiyidwa, amasankha amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo amapanga chitsamba cha zimayambira ziwiri.

Choncho, poyesetsa kuchita khama, zimatheka kuti tipeze mbewu za phwetekere pokhapokha kutentha kwathu m'nyengo yozizira. Pakapita nthawi, ngati pali zambiri zomwe zakhala zikuchitikira, mwiniwake wodabwitsa angaganize za kukonzekera kupanga zochepa.

Mitundu yamakono yamakono, yokonzedwanso kuti ikule m'nyengo yozizira, imakhala ndi malo abwino, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri kwa mbewuyi - kufika makilogalamu 20 pa mita imodzi.