Amaluwa ambiri amapanga mitengo ya apulo monga zipatso ndi mitengo yokongoletsa kumbuyo kwawo.
Njira yobereketsera yobereka mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia ndi apulo Peyala ndi oyambirira.
Kulongosola kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Grushivka kumayambiriro, ndi zomwe mtengo wa apulo ndi maapulo zimawoneka ngati chithunzi, mudzapeza izi zonse mu nkhaniyi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Mtundu uwu wa maapulo umatchula chilimwe, ndipo umakhwima mpaka August 15.
Mosiyana kuchokera kwa mbadwa za zosiyanasiyana Grushovka Moscowamene zipatso zake Zipsereni masabata awiri kenako. Chifukwa chake, mkalasi ndi dzina "oyambirira".
Kuwongolera
Pakuti mapangidwe a zipatso za zosiyanasiyana amafunika pollination.
Choncho, pambali pake, m'pofunika kusankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayamba kubala zipatso panthawi yomweyo.
Iyenera kudzalidwa patali osati kupitirira mamita 50.
Pachifukwa ichi, dongosolo lodzala mitengo liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pasadakhale.
Kwa Pearsovka oyambirira monga mnansi, mungagwiritse ntchito: Papirovka, Bely kudzazidwa, Chinese golidi oyambirira, Borovinka ndi Cinnamon mzere.
Zosiyanasiyana zofotokozera Grushivka Oyambirira
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a apulo ndi zipatso.
Mu mawonekedwe ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi Grushovka Moskovskaya, kumene iwo analandira. Kusiyana kumaphatikizapo kukula kwakukulu kwa mtengo, korona wokongolazomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwirizane zokongoletsera zokongoletsera.
Zipatso wokongola kwambirindi kukula pafupifupi 20 peresenti yaikulu kuposa Grushovka Moscow. Ambiri kulemera kwa magalamu 80.
Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ofewa mpaka kukhudza kapena pang'ono kovuta. Mtunduwu umakhala woyera kwambiri ndi pinki ndi zofiira zofiira.
Ali ndi madzi obiriwira okoma, mafuta onunkhira, zipatso zimakhala ndi mavitamini a mavitamini C. Maapulo Grushivka oyambirira amakhala ndi makilogalamu 47 kcal.
Mbiri yobereka
Grushivka oyambirira anali analandira zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana Grushovka ku Moscow, okondedwa ndi ambiri wamaluwa.
Chifukwa cha kusankhidwa, ndiko kupaka mafuta ndi papillon, zovuta ziwiri zowonongeka zinathetsedwa: kukula kochepa kwa zipatso ndi zofooka zawo zowonongeka.
Dzina limapita kwa anthu Peyala ili bwino.
Mlengi wa zosiyanasiyana ndi Sergey Isaev. Anagwira ntchito monga mutu wa Dipatimenti ya All-Union Research Institute ya Michurin m'zaka za m'ma 30 za m'ma 2000.
Kwa kalasi khalidweli likusungidwa chisanu kukana ndi mtundu wamtundu wa zipatso zopanga. Mitengo ikhoza kubala chipatso ngakhale pambuyo pa nyengo yovuta kwambiri.
Zoona, wamaluwa amalima mbewu kuchokera ku mitengo yotere kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. Pankhaniyi, periodicity ya zokolola zopangidwa ndifotokozedwa ndi mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono a nthambi za nthambi za nthambi za apulo.
Chithunzi
Dera logawa
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa. m'chigawo cha Moscow.
Zili m'zigawo zabwino kwambiri za dera lino, ndipo zinaperekedwanso kumadera apakati a Russia, omwe ndi Ryazan, Tula, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Bryansk, Kaluga ndi Smolensk. Mitengo ya apulo Mng'oma ya peyala imatha kusintha mofulumira ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wambiri.
Kubzala m'derali, mitundu yotsatirayi idzakhala yoyenera: Dessert Petrova, Augusta, Antonovka dessert, Kuibyshev, Lobo, Jubile ya Moscow, Chimwemwe, North Sinap, July Chernenko, Zvezdochka, Elena, Imrus, Zhigulevskoe, Quinti, Young Naturalist, Cliff.
Pereka
Ma apulo osiyanasiyana amasiyana zokolola zazikulu. Pafupifupi Kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi kulandira makilogalamu 100 mpaka 200. Yambani kubereka zipatso 4-5 patapita zaka.
Chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino si zipatso zokhazikika panthawi yomweyo. Maapulo Peyala Zipsere pang'onopang'ono pamwezi umodzi zomwe zimakhala zokongola kwa wamaluwa wamaluwa, koma zimakhala zovuta kwa minda yamakampani.
Zipatso zolimba zimawoneka kale kuyambira chiyambi cha August.
Zovuta za zosiyanasiyanazi ndizo fruiting periodic - 1 nthawi mu zaka ziwiri.
Zokolola zabwino ndizosiyana: Augustus, Gala, Antonovka mchere, Zima zamasamba, Zodabwitsa, Welsey, Sunny, Stroyevskoe, Sokolovskoe, Antey, Malinovka, Apple Spas, Korey, Uslada, Uralets.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kuti mupeze zipatso zabwino za maapulo, muyenera kusankha malo abwino oti mubzala mmera. Ndikofunika kupeza malo okhala ndi kuwala kokwanira, kukoma kwa zipatso zamtsogolo komanso kututa kwadalira pa msinkhu wake.
Komanso muyenera kumvetsera pa mlingo wa chinyezi cha nthaka. Mitengo ya Apple Musalole kuti phokoso la madzi lisalole.
Ngati kusefukira kwapadera kumapezeka, nyemba zimatha kapena zimakhala pang'onopang'ono. Mitengo ya Apple iyenera kubzalidwa pa phiri kapena kukhetsa madzi.
Pali zofunika zina za nthaka, ziyenera kukhala loamy sandy loamkapena ikhoza kukhala leached chernozem nthaka.
PH mtengo wa nthaka ndi asidi pang'ono kuchokera ku 5.5 mpaka 6.0.
Kubzala kwa Apple kukulimbikitsidwa kapena kumapeto (kuyambira kumapeto kwa April mpaka May) kapena oyambirira (kuyambira September mpaka oyambirira a October).
Ngati mbande zako zakhazikika, ndiye gawo loyamba muyenera kudula masamba, kusiya masamba angapo pa nthambi iliyonse. Mizu sayenera kudulidwa, mochulukirapo, mtengowo posachedwapa udzakhazikika.
Mitengo ya Apple yomwe ikukula m'chigawo cha Moscow, nthawi zambiri, imadzikonda. Zimadalira mtundu wa apulo, komanso kuti ndizowona bwino, kuyambira nthawi yoyeretsa ya pistil ndi stamens.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo chifukwa chodyetsa mitengo ya apulo organic feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka (zowonongeka kavalo kapena humus). Tengani ndi chiwerengero cha 4-16 makilogalamu / m2. Pakuti mchere wothandizira amagwiritsa ntchito carbamide (400-600 magalamu).
ZOCHITA: Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta panthawi imeneyi, koma okhawo amene maonekedwewo sakhala ndi nayitrogeni. Amayambira mu nthaka pambuyo pake, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pomwe pali chitukuko champhamvu cha mtundu wobiriwira ndi mapangidwe a zipatso. Popeza nitrojeni feteleza imakula zipatso.
Ngati nthaka yokhayo ndi yolemera, ndiye kuti simungathe kuidyetsa, ngati ayi, imakhala ndi michere yambiri, ndiye imamera chaka chilichonse.
Zomwe feteleza zimapangidwanso zimakhala zosiyana malinga ndi dothi, ngati pali zinthu zokwanira mmenemo, ndiye kuti sizowonjezera kuziwonjezera.
Kuti mtengo ukhale wolimba kwambiri Pambuyo pa maluwa oyambirira, tulani maluwa 85-95%. Ndi kusiya Chipatso cha 50 peresenti chiri kumtunda wobiriwira.
Kotero mukhoza kuonetsetsa kuti mukukolola. Maapulo otsala adzakula kwambiri ndi okoma.
TAYESANI: Nthawi zina mwa njirayi n'zotheka kupeĊµa kuchuluka kwa fruiting, chifukwa Mitengo ya Apple imayika masamba ambiri a zipatso mu chaka chimodzi, zomwe zimabweretsa zipatso zambiri, ndipo chaka chotsatira amapuma. Pochotsa masamba owonjezera, chisokonezo sichitha, ndipo wamaluwa angathe kuyembekezera kukolola kwa chaka chamawa.
Kuthirira kumachitika mlungu uliwonse. 2-3 ndowa zamadzi pamtengo. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse amwe madzi zomera nthawi ya fruiting. Kwa Pearsovka oyambirira akubwera kumapeto kwa July mpaka oyambirira a August.
Pa nthawiyi, mitengo imapanga ndi maluwa pafupifupi nthawi yotsatira yokolola.
Mu August, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa kuti mitengo ileke kukula ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Chinthu chokhacho chimakhala ngati chilimwe chilimwe, ndiye kuthirira kumapitirira, kotero kuti mitengo ya apulo imapeze chinyezi.
Kukonzekera mitengo yozizira Anatsekedwa ndi maukonde apadera a makoswe ndipo atakulungidwa ndi nsalu yophimba.
Wokongola komanso wotsika mtengo njira - nylon pantyhose, amalola madzi ndi mpweya.
Mukhozanso kupanga humus ya kavalo m'nyengo yozizirazomwe zidzawonjezera nyengo yozizira ya mitengo.
Penyani kanema pazowamba kudulira mitengo ya apulo ndikuyang'anira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ya Grushovka, Moscow zosiyanasiyana Grushovka oyambirira ali mkulu kukana nkhanambo. Koma palinso matenda ena omwe angamuvulaze.
Matenda a Mose. Zizindikiro zake: mawanga achikasu pamasamba, omwe pamapeto pake amakula. Masamba a mtengo wa apulo amakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo amatha, kugwa kwa masamba kumayambiriro. Nthendayi imayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ndipo ndi kovuta kuchiza, kufalitsa nthata zake ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Choncho, monga njira yothetsera, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika motsutsana ndi tizirombo.
Mitengo yokhala ndi matenda opangidwa mwakongoletsera, mwatsoka, imayenera kukumba ndi kutenthedwa kuti isapitirize kufalikira.
Mame a Mealy. Matendawa amayamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ikhoza kudziwika ndi maonekedwe a chikwangwani choyera pa masamba. Patapita nthawi, pachimake chimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni ndipo chimakhala ngati chonchi. Masamba azipiringa ndi kugwa.
Polimbana nalo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ndi sulufule. Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika musanafike maluwa (2% yothetsera sulfure), yachiwiri - mutatha maluwa (1% yothetsera sulfure), yachitatu - mutatha kukolola. Mu malo ogulitsa wamaluwa, mukhoza kugula mankhwala apadera kuti muthane ndi mildew, mwachitsanzo, "Topaz".
Khansara yolonda. Pali mawonekedwe otseguka, otsekedwa ndi omveka a matendawa.
Pa thunthu la mtengo amapanga thickenings ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimakula kukula, makungwa akhoza kutha, ndipo matenda a mtengo amatulukira kunja.
Zimayambitsidwa ndi spores za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kuthana nawo, dulani nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kuziwotcha kutali ndi malowa, zigawozo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matope a Bordeaux.
Cytosporosis - Matenda owopsa omwe amapezeka ndi bowa amakhudza makungwa a mitengo. Mbalame zofiira zofiira zimapangidwa pa iyo, makungwa amamwalira ndi kutha ndi nthambi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza malo omwe awonongeka ndi munda wamaluwa kapena ocher.
Zipatso zowola. Zimakhudza zipatso za mitengo ya apulo, zimayambitsa matendawa. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufalikira kwa kutentha kwapamwamba ndi chinyezi. Maapulo amakhala otayirira, ofewa, ndi utoto wa brownish. Zipatso kapena kugwa pansi, kapena kukhalabe pa nthambi, ndikuwopsya pafupi. Pofuna kuthana ndi kuvunda ndikofunikira kuchotsa zipatso za kachilombo mosamala ndikuziwononga. Popeza kutuluka kwa matendawa kumalimbikitsidwa ndi njenjete, mbozi ndi tizilombo toononga tizilombo, kupopera mbewu ndi njira yothetsera Fitosporin kumachitika ngati njira yowononga. Pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda, chithandizo ndi Zircon chikuchitika.
Kulamulira tizilombo.
Tizilombo timene timapweteka mitengo ya apulo timaphatikizapo: nthata, nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete, zitsamba zam'madzi, plozhozhorok, makungwa a khungwa, masamba a mphutsi, mafolosi, ndi zina zotero.
Aphid Zimakhudza masamba a chomera. Polimbana nawo, kupopera mbewu ndi mankhwala a nitrophene, karbofos kapena kusuta fodya amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mapikiti a Apple yozizira mu khungwa la mtengo, ndipo m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, zimakhudza mbali yovuta ya mitengo ya apulo. Choncho, muyenera kutsuka khungwa wakale nthawi zonse ndikuwotcha.
Masamba amathandizidwanso ndi karbofos yankho.
Mbozi Mazira a apulo amakhalanso m'nyengo yozizira. Pa masamba a maluwa muzipita kukadya. Choncho, ngakhale musanayambe maluwa, perekani yankho la "Zolona" kapena chlorophos (oposa 0.07%). Mofananamo mungathe kugonjetsa tsamba la masamba ndi tsvetoeda.
Kuthamanga njenjete zimakhudza chipatso, kudya mbewu. Pofuna kupuma mankhwala, makungwawo amatetezedwa mwachisawawa, m'mapiritsi omwe mbozi zimakhala, kukonzera chlorophos kapena karbofos njira.
Mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo zimabisala m'masamba omwe agwa, choncho m'dzinja nkofunika kuwatulutsa mosamala kwambiri, kuwotcha kunja kwa munda, ndi kuthira nthaka ndi njira yothetsera nitrophene. Kugwira ntchitoyi kumathandiza kuti mitengo yanu ikhale yathanzi ndikupereka zipatso.
Pomalizira, tikuwona ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mlimi Grushivka oyambirira. Zopindulitsa zopanda pakezi zikuphatikizapo kukoma ndi chiwerengero cha zipatso ndi kusamba kwake koyambirira, komanso kukana nkhanambo. Zowononga - kuchuluka kwa fruiting ndi kusowa kwa chonde.
