Zipatso za mphesa za Moldova zimakhala zokoma, zowonjezera mokwanira, ngakhale zokoma. Chifukwa cha ichi, makhalidwe okoma a zosiyanasiyanawa amadziwika kutali kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe.
Maonekedwe a okhwima okhwima okhwima kwambiri ndi kukongoletseraChoncho, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mchere ku tebulo la tchuthi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
"Moldova" - tebulo lakuda, kucha mochedwa, masango omwe amafika pokhala okhwima kuchokera kumapeto kwa theka la mwezi wa September.
Mitengo yamphesa yakuda imaphatikizapo Mphanga Wamtundu, Bull's Eye, Black Pearl.
Mukamakula pa mafakitale, mbewu imatulutsidwa mwatsopano, yosungidwa kuti igulitsidwe mtsogolo, yokonzedwa kukhala juzi ndi vinyo. M'minda yamagulu, mphesa iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zakumwa, kupanga jams, kusunga, ndi kuzizira.
Kufotokozera za mitundu ya mphesa ya Moldova
Mipesa wamphamvuzofiirira. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira. Masamba ndi ozungulira, aakulu, asanu-lobed, ndi mapepala ochepa omwe ali ndi meshed komanso mbali yochepa pambali. Maluwa okwatirana.
Masangowa amawoneka ngati phokoso losokonezeka, nthawi zina mapiko angapangidwe. Mabulosi abwino kwambiri, omwe amakhala ndi ubweya wambiri Zaka 300-600. Pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi pamipesa ikuluikulu, masango otsala amatha kulemera 1 makilogalamu.
Mphesa zopanda mphamvu!
Zipatso:
- ndi wandiweyani, koma osati tsamba lolimba, lopaka mafuta;
- chowongolera pang'ono;
- kukula kwasinkhu (25 x 19 mm);
- buluu wakuda ndi nsalu zofiirira;
- Kukhalapo kwa chilengedwe chachilengedwe, chosavuta kuzimitsidwa chotheka chotheka ndi kotheka - pruina;
- kulemera kwa 6 g;
- chiwerengero cha mbewu 2-3 ma PC;;
- acidity wa 8-10 g / l;
- shuga wokhutira 16-19% (kukoma kwa zipatso mu manja nthawi yosungirako kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi).
Chidutswa:
- wandiweyani;
- zowutsa;
- zonyezimira ndi nsalu zobiriwira pafupi ndi khungu;
- ndi mavitamini pang'ono;
- zokoma zokoma.
Chithunzi
Maonekedwe a mphesa "Moldova" amapezeka mu chithunzi chili pansipa:
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Wosakanikirana wamtundu wa dera la Euro-Asia.
Dziko lakwawo - Moldova.
Mipesa ya Makolo:
- Guzal Kara;
- Sungani Villar 12-375.
Ku Russia, Ukraine, zosiyanazi zinayambika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980 zapitazo. Zokolola zabwino zimapezeka m'minda ya kumwera kwa Russia (Dera la Rostov, Krasnodar Territory), kumadzulo, kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera zigawo Ukraine.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Moldova idagwiritsidwa ntchito popita kukapeza mitundu yotsatira yamphesa: Nadezhda Azos, Kuban, Kodryanka, Zarevo ndi ena ena.
Zizindikiro
Pereka: ku 130 makilogalamu / ha. Mtengo wapamwamba pa nthaka yachonde ya mpesa imapereka kuchokera kwa zaka 8-10 za kubzala (mpaka 150-160 kg).
Wolimba. Zokolola zabwino zimapezeka ndi yopanda malire. Pamene chitsamba chikulumidwa, manja amakhala ochepa, zipatso zimakhala zochepa.
Transportability magulu kwambiri potsatira kuchotsedwa kwa maburashi angapo osapsa. Mtengo wabwino kwambiri (mpaka miyezi itatu). Kuyenda bwino kumasonyeza Kishmishi Radiant, Laura ndi Bogatyanovsky.
Avereji yozizira hardiness: Mitengo yosasinthidwa popanda zotsatira zake zimatha nyengo yachisanu ndi kutentha mpaka madigiri -26, -28.
Kukanikira phylloxera, imvi zowola, mildew.
Amafuna zotsutsana laimu chlorosis, oidium.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Oidium (powdery mildew), chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha fungal.
Zizindikiro:
- Kuphulika kwa matendawa kumapezeka mu June;
- zokhudzana ndi masamba, zowonjezera / zodzaza ndi "fumbi" loyera;
- pamene oidium ikuwonekera pa inflorescences, amayamba kuuma ndi kufa;
- mavitamini a mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amaoneka kuti akuwaza ufa,
- nthiti ya chipatso imatha kutaya ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi kuchulukitsa kwa msangamsanga, imatuluka, imawonetsa mbewu.
Njira zothandizira oidium:
- kusamba masamba ndi sulfufiti patsiku lofunda, lopanda mphepo (mlengalenga sayenera kukhala pansi pa 18 ° C);
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi sulufule zothetsera vuto, kukonzekera: Byleton, Rubigan, Carati.
Fomopsis - Matenda okhudza masamba ndi zimayambira za mipesa chifukwa cha saprophyte.
Zizindikiro:
- kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, zobiriwira, kapena malo obiriwira obiriwira pakati pa mdima wobiriwira;
- zowonjezera kuzungulira minofu;
- zakhudzidwa masamba pang'onopang'ono curl, kutembenukira chikasu ndi kufa;
- Mawanga a mdima amaoneka pa mphukira, zikwapu zikukula kukula ndi nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa necrosis ya mphukira internodes, ndipo mkwapu wonse (mkupita kwa nthawi, mpesa umamwalira);
- zipatso zosapsa zimakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira wachikasu, womwe umasintha kukhala wofiira.
Njira zothandizira fomopsisom:
- pamene chotupa chikupezeka, masamba onse ogwa a mpesa uwu ayenera kuwotchedwa;
- chaka chotsatira, kuyembekezera maonekedwe atatu a masamba, mpesa umatulutsidwa ndi njira zothetsera mankhwala: Ridomil Gold, Tiovit, VDH;
- pamene matenda amapezeka pamimba mwake, mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera vutoli Quadrice, Malipiromankhwala Sc.
Osami Mphesa ya Moldova sichitha mofulumira ngati zipatso zimapsa mochedwa.
Masango osakwanira pa masiku a frosty amasandulika mbalame. Pamene kumayamba kuzizira, manja akumanzere amakopa nyenyezi ndi mbalame zina.
Mphepete mwazitsulo - Mmodzi mwa tizirombo tambiri a chilimwe a Black Prince. Polimbana ndi vutoli muyenera kuyamba kugwa: kusonkhanitsani masamba otsala ndikuwotcha (phulusa limagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kuvala pamwamba), kuyang'anani tsinde la mpesa kuti azindikire nthenda ya tizilombo ndi kuchotsedwa kwawo.
Mvula ikagwa maluwa imapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu.
Phylloxera - tizilombo ta mandimu-chikasu, timatha kupha mbewu yonse muzaka zisanu, kuyamwa timadzi timene timapatsa moyo kuchokera ku mipesa. Kupanga pa pamwamba ndi pansi pamtunda pa mbeu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadziwika ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chilombo. Akakhala ndi kachilomboka, chitsamba chitatha zaka zitatu chimatha kutha kubala chipatso ndipo posakhalitsa chimauma.
Kwa matenda ena a mpesa, werengani zipangizo za payekha.
Zida
Zosiyana zosiyanasiyana "Moldova wakuda" palibe. Mwinamwake, chisokonezocho ndi kudziwika kwa "mitundu yatsopano" chinali chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mtundu wa zipatso mu siteji ya luso ndi ogula.
Pofuna kutengako zipatso, masangowo amathyoledwa pang'ono, pamene mtundu wa zipatso siwokwanira mokwanira. Chifukwa cha izi, amawoneka ngati a buluu, osati a buluu-wakuda.
Ngati mumakhala kudera lomwe muli mvula yambiri mu chilimwe (kapena pali kuthekera kwa kuthirira bwino), ndipo nyengo sizitentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti mukhoza kukula mphesa ya Moldova pamalo anu.
Kusankha malo ozizira a chitsamba ndi ochulukirapo, koma kutetezedwa ku zojambulajambula, muzaka zingapo simungathe kulawa zipatso zokha, komanso zokometsera zokoma, juzi kapena vinyo wokometsera.
//youtu.be/Ry-GlYeYDKs
