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Medinilla: kufotokozera ndi zochitika za chisamaliro cha kunyumba

Medinilla ndi imodzi mwa zomera zachilendo komanso zodula zomwe zingakulire kunyumba.

Nkhaniyi si yovuta, chifukwa chikhalidwe cha otentha ndi chopanda nzeru. Werengani za mitundu yonse ya medinilla ikukula pansipa.

Malongosoledwe a botanical a zomera

Medinilla amawerengedwa ngati banja la Melastom. Amachokera kuzitentha ku Africa, Asia, ndi Pacific Islands. Ndi otsika shrub, mtengo kapena creeper ndi kutalika kwa mamita 0.3-2. Pansi pa chilengedwe, zomera zimatha kumera kuchokera pansi komanso zomera zina.

Ili ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira, omwe ali moyang'anizana kapena ozungulira. Zikhoza kumangirizidwa ku phesi kapena kukula pa petioles. Malingana ndi mtundu wamphepete ukhoza kukhala wolimba kapena wosungunuka. Maluwa a Medinignal amatha masika pogwiritsa ntchito apical kapena axillary masamba ngati mawonekedwe omwe amamera pang'onopang'ono kapena kutsika pansi. Amachokera ku maluwa 4 mpaka 6 omwe ali ndi mazira ozungulira kapena oblong a pinki, oyera, ofiirira, a mchere. Pansi pa chikhalidwe, inflorescences akhoza kufika kutalika kwa 0.5-1 mamita Pa chitsamba chimodzi, 8-10 inflorescences amamangidwa. Maluwa imatenga miyezi 1.5-2.

Pambuyo poyambitsa mungu, zipatso zopangidwa ndi zipatso zimapangidwa ngati mipira, ovals, jugs, momwe mbewu zimayikidwa ndi yosalala pamwamba.

Mukudziwa? Medinilla amatchulidwa ndi José de Medinilla y Pineda, yemwe mu 1820 anali mtsogoleri wa Mariana Islands, omwe ali ku Pacific Ocean ndipo amakhala a ku Spain.

Mitundu yayikulu ya zomera

Mankhwala a medinilla ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 200. Otchuka kwambiri ndi:

  1. Zamatsenga Izi zamasamba zachilengedwe ndi theka-epiphyte. Ali ndi mphukira zochepa ngati ma tubules, masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe ali ndi mapeto othamanga ndi mitsempha yosiyana. M'kupita kwa nthawi amafika pa masentimita 9-20, masentimita 5-9 m'lifupi. Mu kasupe, inflorescences amawonekera m'machimo omwe ali ndi ma tubuli omwe ali ndi maluwa oyera kapena oyera. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimakula mu greenhouses.
  2. Kuminga. Mitundu imeneyi imayambanso kukhala ndi moyo. Masamba ake ndi owala, oval, pang'ono concave. Amakula kutalika mpaka masentimita 30, m'lifupi - mpaka 20 cm. Inflorescences ngati mawonekedwe a maburashi. Iwo ndi maluwa a pinki.
  3. Javanica. Ndi shrub yaing'ono ndi masamba ovoid. Ali ndi inflorescences akudumpha ndi maluŵa ofiira opanda bracts.
Kunyumba, kawirikawiri wamkulu wamkulu wa medinus kapena magnifica ndi Zhador Vita. Yoyamba imakula 1-1.5 mamita mu msinkhu. Iwo ali owongoka mphukira zophimbidwa ndi bristles. Masamba a chomera ndi amdima wobiriwira, masentimita 35 m'litali ndi masentimita 15 m'lifupi. Iwo ali pa tsinde. The inflorescences ndi mamita 30 cm. Maluwa - oyera ndi pinki.

Ndimakonda Dolce Vita ndi hybrid ya medina yokongola. Amapanga maluwa okongola okongola a pinki omwe ambiri amakhala ochepa kwambiri.

Mukudziwa? Mu 2012, akatswiri a International Union for Conservation of Nature pakuphunzira zachilengedwe ku Fiji Islands adapeza mitundu yatsopano ya maluŵa kuchokera ku mtundu wa Mininilla, ndipo pamodzi. Anatchulidwa dzina la mudzi umene adapezeka - Matasavaleva.

Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba

Medinilla, monga miyambo yambiri yotentha, akufunira kuti zinthu zikhale bwino komanso kusamalidwa kawirikawiri. Amatchedwa kukongola kwake. Ngati duwa silikulenga zinthu zomwe mumazikonda monga mawonekedwe abwino, kutentha, kutentha kwambiri komanso kusowa kwazithunzi, ndiye kuti zikhoza kukhala zoipa kapena kukana kukula.

Malo ndi kuunikira

Kwa chikhalidwe cha chipinda chino, kuwala kowala koma kosiyana ndi tsiku lowala kwambiri ndilofunika. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, ndikukula kuzungulira kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kumadzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, mbali ya kum'mwera ndi yoyenera. Medinilla amakonda mpweya watsopano, kotero ukabzala m'chipinda, kuyendayenda nthawi zonse n'kofunika. Koma m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chomeracho sichigwa pansi pa mafunde ozizira. Zojambulajambula za maluwa zikuwononga.

Ndikofunikira! Pamene chomeracho chikuphuka maluwa, sintha malo a mphika ndipo ngakhale kutembenuza sikuyenera kukhala. Izi zidzasokoneza maluwa - izo zifupikitsa nthawi yake ndipo zimapangitsa kuti maluwa azigwa.

Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi

Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa zomera kumachokera ku + 20 ° C mpaka 25 ° C. Pa kutentha kwapamwamba, duwa silikumveka. Mu kutentha ayenera kusungidwa pa mkulu chinyezi.

M'nyengo yozizira, m'nthawi yamasiku, zomera zimakhala bwino pamunsi kutentha, koma sizitali kuposa 16 ° С. Kutsika kwa kutentha m'nyengo yozizira sikofunikira, koma kuli ndi phindu pa budding ya maluwa. Kutentha kwa mlengalenga mu chipinda chomwe sing'anga chikukula chiyenera kusungidwa pa 75% ndi pamwamba. Zizindikiro zoterezi zikhoza kupindulidwa ndi kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse mozungulira maluwa ndi madzi ofunda, osalimba, ndikuyika chophika chomera pamatope ndi dothi lonyowa, miyala, ndi kupukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa. Pakati pa nyengo yozizira, pamene mpweya uli m'nyumbayi ndiuma kwambiri, mufunikira kukhazikitsa wokonza.

Kusamalira kwanu

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zokongoletsera ndi maluwa kuchokera ku medinilla, zimayenera kupereka chithandizo chokhazikika komanso chapamwamba kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala cha ulimi wothirira, feteleza, kudulira ndi kudulira.

Kusamba malamulo

Kuthira kwakukulu ndi kawirikawiri kumafunika kwa duwa pamene kutuluka mu malo a mpumulo ndi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonongeka nthawi zonse, koma osati madzi. Maluwawo atakula, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, iyenso iyenera kuchitidwa mochulukira komanso nthawi zambiri, monga momwe dothi lakumtunda limakhalira. Kuchokera pakati pa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, kutsirira kumafunika kuchepa kwambiri. Madzi a humidification ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito madzi a matepi, koma adutsa fyuluta yomwe imachotsa chlorine ndi zosafunika, kapena kukhazikika kwa masiku 1-2. Ziyenera kukhala kutentha. Kuthirira madzi ozizira kumawononga kwambiri zomera.

Mukhoza kuthirira mankhwalawa mu njira yapamwamba kapena pan. Pamene kuthirira pamwamba, nkofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madontho sagwera pa zimayambira, masamba ndi maluwa. Izi zimayambitsa kupanga mdima wandiweyani.

Kupaka pamwamba

Kuti chomera chikule ndikukula bwino, chiyenera kudyetsedwa. Chakudya chinapangidwa kuyambira March mpaka September. Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi kwa ntchito ya feteleza ndi milungu iwiri iliyonse. Kwa medinilla ayenera kugula zojambulidwa zopangidwa ndi mchere, zokonzedwa kuti zikhale ndi maluwa. Oyenera "Kemira Universal", "Darina".

M'chilimwe, zomera zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi organic. Komabe, osati mobwerezabwereza komanso pang'onopang'ono. Korovyak bwino kuti asiye.

Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawi yopuma (kuyambira mu October mpaka February) feteleza siletsedwa. Izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu, zomwe zimachokera ku kasupe kwambiri zimachepetsa kukongoletsa kwake ndipo sizimasintha bwino.

Kudulira

Pa maluwa, muyenera nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa ottsvetye inflorescences. Izi zimapereka chilimbikitso chopanga maluwa atsopano, zidzathandiza kuti mukhale ndi maluwa ochulukirapo komanso ochulukirapo.

Kudulira chipinda chimabala pamene mapesi omaliza amatha. Chotsani mphukira zamphamvu. Nthambi zadulidwa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati cuttings kwa kuswana.

Kuwaza

Asanaikidwe, yomwe imapangidwa mu kasupe, nkofunika kukonzekera nthaka ndi chidebe chodzala. Medinilla ili ndi mizu yambiri, choncho mphika wosaya koma wawukulu umakhala woyenera. Iyenera kukhala 4-5 masentimita aakulu kuposa thanki lapitayi. Nthaka imatengedwa kuwala ndi mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi. Sitolo imagulitsa nyimbo za epiphytes, orchids (ndi kuwonjezera kwa peat), zomwe zimayeneradi kuti medintilla.

Ngati simungathe kugula nthaka, imatha kusakanikirana ndi manja anu kuchokera kumtunda wa nthaka, moss-sphagnum ndi peat yofiira mofanana. Musanabzala, gawo lapansilo liyenera kutetezedwa motetezedwa chifukwa cha nthunzi, kutentha, kuthirira ndi potassium permanganate, kukhala mu uvuni kapena microwave.

Ndondomekoyi ndi iyi:

  1. Tsiku lisanafike, kubzala mbewu ndi bwino kumwa madzi.
  2. Chotsani chitsamba ku mphika wakale.
  3. Sambani mizu ndikuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe chake. Ngati ndi kotheka, chotsani mizu yoonongeka.
  4. Pansi pa mphika kutsanulira madzi osanjikiza.
  5. Fukuta ndi dothi lopanda.
  6. Ikani pakati pa maluwa a mphika.
  7. Momwemo mugawire mizu.
  8. Phizani zopanda pake ndi nthaka, kusiya 1.5-2 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba pa mphika.
  9. Kutulutsa kuthirira.
Ndondomeko ya kuzizira iyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pazaka ziwiri.

Nthawi yopumula

Kuti maluwa aziwoneka bwino masika, chomeracho chimafunika kupanga zinthu kuti zikhale nthawi yochepa kwambiri: pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira mu October, kuchepetsa chiwerengero ndi kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira ndi kuchepetsa kutentha mu chipinda. Kuyambira September, lekani kudya. Ndibwino kuti asunthire mphika ndi maluwa pamalo omwe angakhale ndi kuwala kokwanira. Ngati kuunika sikudzasoweka, m'pofunika kukonza kuunikira kwina.

Kuswana

N'zotheka kufalitsa mediangilla m'njira ziwiri: kudula ndi mbewu. Komabe, ndi bwino kudziŵa kuti kubereka kwa njira iliyonseyi ndi kovuta. Ngakhale amalima odziwa bwino nthawi zambiri amalephera pamene akuyesera kufalitsa zomera zosadziwika bwino.

Cuttings

Cuttings adadulidwa mu January - May. Sankhani zamphamvu kwambiri, zathanzi, zakuda. Amadula chiwembu cha 8-12 cm mu msinkhu ndi 2-3 internodes. Mphepete mwachitsime imadulidwa pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, zouma bwino, kenaka zimamira mu "Kornevin." Kuti adzuke mizu, amafesedwa ndi mapeto a mchenga, osakaniza mchenga, kenaka amaikidwa pamalo otentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwa 25% + 30 ° C. Pambuyo pake phesi limathamanga, imathamanga kuti lipititse patsogolo kukula kwa mphukira. Patapita kanthawi, akazulidwa mizu, amakaikidwa pamalo osatha.

Mbewu

Mbeu zazikulu za mediunilla zingagulidwe pa malo osungirako malonda kapena pa intaneti. Kawirikawiri amagulitsidwa mu ma PC 5.

Kufesa kumachitika kuyambira February mpaka March. Mphamvu zokhala pansi zimasankha nthawi yaitali. Idzaza ndi chisakanizo ndi mchenga. Mbewu imayikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka ndikukulitsa ndi 5 mm. Ndiye wothira ndi botolo la utsi wophimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Kukhoza kuikidwa pamalo otentha, makamaka ndi kutentha.

Pezani maluwa abwino omwe mukukula kunyumba.

Mbewu zimayambira tsiku ndi tsiku kuti matenda a fungalesi asafalikire m'nthaka. Kutupa kumatulutsa ngati n'kofunika. Zipatso ziyenera kuonekera mkati mwa mwezi. Ndiye malo obisala achotsedwa. Pamene masamba awiri enieni amawoneka, amamera m'magawo osiyana ndi masentimita asanu ndi awiri (7 cm), odzaza ndi masamba osakanikirana (1 mbali) ndi mchenga (0,5 mbali), zomwe amaziika pamtambo wambiri. Amapitirizabe kusungunuka mwamsanga pamene dothi lakumwamba liuma. Pambuyo popanga masamba 5-6 ndi mizu yolimba, zomera zazing'ono zimabzalidwa m'miphika yosatha ndi kusintha.

Mavuto akukula

Zipinda zapakhomo zimadwala ngati zisasamalidwe bwino, zidzalidwa mu nthaka yolakwika ndi mphamvu, kapena zimakhala zovuta. Kuwona kuti maluwa akudwala kapena kumakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kuzindikira ndi kusintha kwa maonekedwe ake. Vuto lililonse liri ndi zizindikiro za khalidwe.

Matenda

Ngati chomeracho chimawonekera ku malowa, ndiye kuti mizu yake imakhudzidwa ndi zowola. Chomeracho chimakhala chaulesi, chimatulutsa masamba, ndi fungo losasangalatsa kuchokera ku nthaka - mizu ikhonza kuvunda. Palifunika kofunika mwamsanga kubzala. Maluwa achotsedwa mu mphika, mizu imayang'aniridwa, mizu ya matenda imadulidwa, yathanzi imachiritsidwa ndi njira iliyonse ya fungicide, magawowo ndi phulusa ndi malasha osweka ndi owuma. Pambuyo pa njirayi, zomera zimabzalidwa mumphika watsopano ndi nthaka. Kuthirira koyamba kumapangidwa osati kale kuposa masabata 1.5-2.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati chomeracho chiri ndi mizu yovunda, ndiye kuti mphika utatha kubwereranso. Iyenera kuti ikhale yotayidwa.

Kuwonjezera pa kuvunda, pangakhale mavuto ena:

  1. Masambawa ndi ang'onoang'ono ndipo amawombera pamapeto. Chifukwa - mu kutsika kwachinyezi. Izi ziyenera kuwonjezeka ndi njira zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa mu ndime yonena kuti "Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi".
  2. Pali mapepala okonzanso. Kugwa kwa nyemba kumachitika pamene chomera chikuwonekera. Ngati mapepalawa ali owuma kale izi zitha kutentha kwambiri. Kuyanika masamba kumatentha kumasonyeza kuti duwa limakhala lozizira.
  3. M'chaka mulibe pachimake. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo: Kuwala kochepa m'nyengo yozizira, pamene maluwa amaikidwa; Kutalika kwa nthawi yaitali komanso kutaya nthaka. Ngati chomeracho sichimasintha, chiyenera kuikidwa kapena kuberekedwa, komanso chiyika pansi pa kuwala.
  4. Panali mawanga ofunika pa masamba. Vutoli likuwonetsedwa ndi kuwala kwakukulu kwambiri. Maluwa amafunika kuti priteni adziwe dzuwa.
  5. Chomeracho chimadumpha masamba. Mwinamwake, izo ziri pansi pa kukopa kwa zojambula kapena zasamukira ku malo ena. Ndiponso, kusiya maluwa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunika kutetezera chikhalidwe cha mkati mwazithunzi ndikuchiyika pamalo abwino.

Tizilombo

Mitundu ya tizilombo nthawi zambiri imatsutsa mealybug ndi kangaude. Ngati kachirombo kakang'ono kamene kakakhala kakulidwe ka 0.2-0.5 masentimita, thupi lake limaphimbidwa ndi zoyera pachimake ndi tsitsi, limayang'ana pa duwa, ndiye ichi ndi mealybug. Pakuchita ntchito yake yovulaza, amachoka panthaka ndikusunga zobisika za mtundu woyera zomwe zimawoneka ngati zidutswa za ubweya wa thonje. Iyo ikakhala pa duwa, imachepetsanso kapena imasiya kukula. Kuchiza chikhalidwe chamkati chingathe kuchiritsidwa ndi adyo kulowetsedwa, insecticidal amatanthauza "Intavir", "Fufanon", "Decis".

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungagwirire ndi nthata za kangaude.

Nkhumba ya kangaude ndi tizilombo tochepa toyamwa ya 0.1-0.2 cm mu kukula, komwe kumakhazikika pa zomera zomwe zimakula mukutentha ndi mpweya wouma. Ikhoza kukhala yakuda kapena yofiira. Mu njira ya moyo achoka masambawo pa intaneti. Chomeracho chimayang'ana kumaso kwake ndi chikasu ndi kutaya masamba, maonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba. Pochiza duwa, imayenera kupopedwa ndi adyo Tingafinye, yoperekedwa ndi Apollo, Flumaite, Sunmite acaricides.

Motero, medinilla ndi chomera chodabwitsa ndi kukongola kwake kodabwitsa. Komabe, kuti mupange kukongoletsera, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito khama komanso nthawi. Oyamba mu bizinesi ya maluwa kuti akule maluwa amenewa sangawonongeke. Medinilla amatha kulera odwala okha ndi olemerera.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa