Zomera zathanzi m'munda kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha - maloto a chilimwe. Komabe, chifukwa cha zochepa chabe zomwe zikuchitika mu chisamaliro ndi zina zoipa, tchire tingathe kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Ngati mutapeza kuti midzi yaing'ono imapezeka mwadzidzidzi pamitengo ya mpesa, ichi ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha matenda a chikhalidwe. Dziwani kuti nkhakazi zimakhala zotani kumunda wanu komanso momwe mungagwirire nazo.
Midge pa nkhaka: timaphunzira tizirombo
Kawirikawiri, "midgespo pa nkhaka" amatanthawuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matendachomera pafupi ndi zomera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthawi ya chaka sichikhala ndi vuto kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kawirikawiri tizirombo timadutsa mu gawo logula.
Midge ikhoza kukhala mapiko kapena arachnids. Chilombo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimakula mofulumira. Kawirikawiri pamakango a nkhaka pali midzi yakuda, yamkati yoyera ndi kangaude.
Black midge (dzina lake ndi msuzi aphid) likuwonekera mukamwetsa nthaka mopitirira muyeso, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Kulimbana ndi vutoli, kumafuna tizilombo tokha.
Ponena za white midge (kapena whitefly), mphutsi ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa zomera. Amatha kulowa m'nthaka ndikuwononga mizu ya nkhaka.
Kuwonjezera pa tizirombo, mukhoza kuyang'ana zina zowonongeka zomwe zimawonekera ngati midzi. Chitsanzo choyera ndi nthata za kangaude. Ndi zophweka kupeza mitundu iyi ya tizilombo: tcherani khutu ku masamba ndi zimayambira. Iwo ali kutembenukira chikasu, kuuma, nthawi zina kutembenukira wakuda. Muzochitika izi, chinthu chachikulu ndi kuyamba mankhwala mwamsanga, mwinamwake pali chiopsezo cha zomera za nkhaka kufa.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zobiriwira zomwe timadya ndizozomera masamba. Agiriki akale anali ndi dzina la masamba "Aguros", limene limamasulira kuti "wosapsa", "wobiriwira" - choncho dzina lake lamakono. Nkhuka zakupsa sizili zoyenera kuti anthu azidya, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbewu yokha.
Kufotokozera, kuvulaza, njira zolimbana
Tiyeni tipitirire pa mitundu yayikulu ya ma blackflies pa nkhaka ndikukambirana zomwe tingachite pomenyana nawo. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda ndi midges zimapezeka, zitha kutengedwera mwamsanga. Nthawi zina mumatha kupitako ndi maphikidwe achikhalidwe, ndipo nthawi zina mumayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Black midges (vwende aphid)
Kufotokozera. Nsabwe zazing'ono zakuda - zosasangalatsa kwa wamaluwa kuti azitha kulimbana, koma kupirira ndizovuta. Kumalo otseguka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa nkhaka pafupi pakati pa chilimwe, komanso mu greenhouses - m'chaka.
Kutalika kwa tizilombo - kuyambira 1.2 mpaka 1.9 mm. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala ndi chikasu chobiriwira, zobiriwira, zakuda komanso zakuda. Mafinya m'nyengo yozizira mu siteji ya mphutsi ndi azimayi opanda mapiko, kubisala pansi pa masamba oyambirira a namsongole. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa mpweya pamwamba pa 5 ° C, aphid amasiya hibernation ndikuyamba kuchulukana, kupanga mapiritsi a tizilombo pamsana mwa masamba a namsongole.
Pambuyo ponseponse, pamene tizilombo takhala tikusowa chakudya, aphid imabadwanso mu mapiko a mapiko. Ntchentche zakuda zimawuluka ku vwende yoyandikana nawo zomera. Malo abwino odyetsa ndi kubalana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi masamba a nkhaka zamkonde. Matendawa achoka kumsongole ku nkhaka mwamsanga amapanga masango atsopano ndi atsopano.
Kuvulaza Chizindikiro chachikulu kuti khungu lakuda liripo kale pa nkhaka ndi masamba akuda komanso osakanikirana. Pamene mutembenuza pepala, mukhoza kuona mosavuta kusungunuka kwa tizirombo. Madontho akuda amapezekanso pa maluwa, mazira ndi mawanga. Ngati simutenga nthawi, zambiri za zokolola zanu zikhoza kutayika. Kuopsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku maluwa aphid ndi kuti Amatulutsa mabakiteriya pafupifupi 50 osiyana..
Iwululidwanso kuti aphid amakhala ndi mphamvu zothandizana ndi nyerere. Nyerere zimadya pa paddy (zotsekemera zabwino) nsabwe za m'masamba, potero zimateteza midzi yawo. Nyerere zimakhala ndi tizilombo m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo nthawi yachisanu zimatha kufalitsa zomera zatsopano. Choncho, mutengapo zowononga ntchentche zakuda pa nkhaka, panthawi imodzimodziyo nkofunika kulimbana ndi nyerere zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi mabedi.
Mukudziwa? Kubereketsa nsabwe za m'masamba kumachitika mwa kubadwa kwamoyo, ndiko kuti, tizilombo timabadwa kale. Dzira lili mkati mwa mayi limayamba kukula ngakhale mayi asanabadwe, ndipo patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri mpaka 10 aphid yatsopano imabadwanso.Choncho, tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tingachite ngati mdima wakuda ukupezeka pa nkhaka komanso momwe mungagwirire nawo bwino.
Njira zovuta:
- Kamodzi pa sabata, kuvala pamwamba pa foliar ndi fetereza-phosphate feteleza. Njira yothetsera vutoli ingakonzedwe mwachangu: 20 g wa superphosphate ndi 10 g wa potaziyamu kloridi yowonjezera mu 10 malita a madzi. Chitani njira zochizira mpaka tizirombo tithetsedwe.
- M'madera ang'onoang'ono opopera mbewu mankhwalawa, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Pachifukwa ichi, oyenera kutentha phulusa, fodya, masamba a mbatata, adyo, tsabola wowawa, mizu ndi zimayambira za celandine, masamba ndi masamba a anyezi, mapira a phwetekere, masamba a sorelo. Kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kumapindulitsa kwambiri ngati muwonjezera sopo yamadzi kwa njira yopopera mbewu. Bwerezani kuchipatala kamodzi pa sabata mpaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titheke.
- M'madera akuluakulu, tizilombo tiyenera kumenyana ndi mankhwala. Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe Aktofit, Fitoverm, Bitoksibatsillin, komanso tizilombo tina tina tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo tina timene timagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa processing ya nkhaka zomera, choyamba, ganizirani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito biologics. Iyi ndi njira yotetezeka kwambiri kwa anthu. Pakatha masiku awiri mutapopera mankhwala opangira mankhwala, chipatsochi chikhoza kudya bwino. Pogwiritsira ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, m'pofunika kukumbukira za poizoni wawo. Choncho, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito osachepera masiku 20 asanakolole nkhaka. Kuonjezera apo, kukhala motalika mu chipinda momwe kukonza kwa mankhwala kunkachitika, ndi koopsa. Musagwire ntchito popanda zipangizo zoteteza: zovala, magetsi, kupuma, magalasi.
Whitefly (whitefly)
Kufotokozera. Whitefly (Aleirodid) ndi nkhuku ina yowopsa ya nkhaka. Kutalika kwa whitefly kumasiyana pakati pa 1.3-3 mm. Adani aang'ono awa a zomera amafanana kakang'ono woyera moths kapena moliform lepidoptera. Tizilombo tili ndi mapiko anayi. Mapikowa ndi ofiira, ophulika, ophulika. Mphutsi imatha motile, koma pamene ikukula imakhala yosasuntha.
Kuvulaza Mitundu ina ya whitefly ndi yoopsa yopatula owononga mbewu za masamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa nkhaka Zowonjezereka mu nyengo yotentha. Whitefly imabisala kumunsi kwa masamba ndikudyetsa zomera zowonjezera. Pa nthawi yomweyi pamwamba pa pepalayi mumapezeka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (pedi), mofanana ndi pachimake chodabwitsa.
Pambuyo pake, soot mycelium imayamba, ndipo tsamba limakhala lakuda. Nkhungu zakuda izi ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa zomera. Kawirikawiri pali kukula kwakukulu kwa mphukira.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingazindikire woyera pakati pa mbande ndi momwe tingawachotsere. Mazira ndi mphutsi za tizilombo tingathe kuziwoneka mosavuta pa masamba - amawoneka ngati mbewu zazing'ono.
Njira zovuta. Polimbana ndi whitefly, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi othandiza: Actellic, Verticillin, Confidor, Mospilan, Pegasus, Fufanon, Phosbecid. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala monga momwe amachitira ndi malangizo.
Gwiritsani ntchito nyambo za glue kuti mupeze anthu okhwima. Kuti muchite izi, pezani zidutswa za plywood mu chikasu kapena choyera, kenaka phulani mafuta, mafuta odzola kapena rosin ndi uchi. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito misampha yotulutsidwa.
Masiku ano, njira zolimbana ndi whitefly zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Adani a chilengedwe a whitefly ndi maso a golide, azimayi komanso a ziphuphu za macrolofus. Tizilombo tomwe timatha kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso amaphatikizapo kuika mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa pupae ya encartia. Enkartia yaikazi imayika mazira ake mu thupi la mphutsi za whitefly. Mphamvu ya njirayi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri.
Mankhwala a mankhwala a zitsamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochiritsira. Kutsekemera kwa adyo kumakhala kovuta kutsutsana ndi whitefly: adyoledwa adyo (150 g) kutsanulira madzi okwanira 1 litre. Ikani madzi kwa masiku asanu pansi pa chivindikiro cholimba. Kutaya tchire osaposa 5 nthawi pa nyengo.
Yesaninso Sambani tchire ndi madzi oyera - whiteflies amatsuka bwino ndi madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti mwamsanga mutapeza zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa zomera za nkhaka ndi zowonongeka, zoyambirira komanso zosavuta kuzichotsa. Mankhwala amakono amathandiza kokha ngati palibe tizirombo tambiri.
Kangaude mite
Kufotokozera. Nkhumba zimatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a banja la arachnid, mmodzi mwa adani oyipa kwambiri a nkhaka. Mitikiti ndi lalanje, yofiira kapena yachikasu. Thupi la thupi siliposa 1 mm. Mitundu ya tizilombo imakhala pamtunda wa tsamba ndikuchulukana mofulumira. Mlingo wa kubalana umadalira kutentha kwa mpweya: pamwamba pake, kwambiri zimatuluka. Mu kutentha kwakukulu kapena kuzizira, akazi samadyetsa ndi kusamukira kumbali zapadera.
Kuvulaza Nkhumba zimadya zomera zowononga, zimawawononga. Amatha kuwononga zomera mu masabata 1-2 okha. Kuonjezera apo, amachiza tchire ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Amatha kudziwika ndi mawanga achikasu pamasamba. Ndiye, kuchokera ku zilonda zambiri, masamba amasanduka oyera. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona ukonde wochepa kwambiri umene umaphatikizapo matabwa. Pamwamba pamwamba pake mumakhala malo ambiri a tiziromboti. Ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, masambawo adzafota ndikugwa.
Ndikofunikira! Mu kutentha kwakukulu, nkofunika kufalitsa tchire masiku asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi atatu (8), mwinamwake wamkazi yemwe wafika panthawiyi ali ndi nthawi yoika mazira atsopano.
Njira zovuta. Kuti chiwonongeko cha nkhaka nkhuku, Akarin, Apollo, Fitoverm, mankhwala a Phosphati ndi oyenerera. Powonongeka ndi tizilombo, mankhwala awa amaipha. Kutaya tchire ukusowa kangapo kuti chiwonongeko chigawochi.
Koma, musanayambe kumwa mankhwala, yesetsani kuwonetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamoyo kapena zosiyana siyana.
Pazigawo zoyamba za matenda, njira izi zimapereka zotsatira zabwino. Adani a chilengedwe a nthata za akangaude ndi aakazi.
Kuphatikizanso apo, pali zikhalidwe zomwe zimawopseza akangaude (tomato amadyera, marigolds, nsonga za mbatata). Mitengo imeneyi ili ndi poizoni. Kuchokera kwa iwo amapanga tinctures, zomwe zimafutsa nkhaka. Yesani kusapitirira mlingo, popeza izi zingawononge tchire.
Muyeneranso kudziŵa kuti nkhaka zoyambirira zimabzala nkhaka sizingatheke kupha matenda a kangaude.
Kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Pali njira zotetezera zatsimikiziridwazomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha blackflies pa nkhaka:
- Perekani zomera zabwino chinyezi-kutentha boma ndi bwino mpweya wabwino (makamaka greenhouses ndi greenhouses). Kutentha kwa mkati mkati usiku ndi -18-22 ° C. Musalole kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi chinyezi. Ngati nyengo yowuma, phulani zomera pamalo otseguka ndi madzi.
- Samalani masiku a kubzala. Gwiritsani ntchito mbewu zapamwamba zokha.
- Musanalowe pansi, yesetsani kupanga njira zowononga mavitamini. Pachifukwachi, gwiritsani ntchito tizirombo (monga Metaphos, Karbofos, Decis).
- Musayika mbande pafupi kwambiri.
- Musati muike nkhaka pafupi ndi zukini, dzungu, sikwashi, kaloti, biringanya, katsabola.
- Imwani tchire nthawi, koma musalole madzi osefukira.
- Musaiwale kudyetsa nthaka ndi feteleza.
- Chotsani namsongole nthawi zonse.
