Tuberose ndi mbewu yosatha yachilengedwe kuchokera kubanja la Asparagus. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwamaluwa komanso maluwa osakhwima, omwe amapanga fungo labwino kwambiri. Fungo lomweli limafanana ndi kakombo, gladiolus ndi daffodil. Mafuta ofunikira a chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika wamafuta. Mankhwala onunkhira okhala ndi tuberose amapangidwa ndi zinthu zodziwika bwino monga Gucci ndi Dior. Dzina lasayansi chomera ndi tuberous polyantes (Polianthes tuberosa). Malo okhala zachilengedwe a tuberose ali ku Mexico. Kuchokera pamenepo, idafalikira m'zaka za zana la 16 kupita ku India, kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Eurasia. Zomera sizimalekerera chisanu nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chake zimamera m'miphika kapena kukumba chaka chilichonse nthawi yozizira.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Tuberose ndi mbewu yosatha. Mizu yake imayimilidwa ndi ma corms okwera komanso awiri ofanana 2-6 cm. Amakutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni. M'munsi, mizu yoyera ya utoto yoyera imakula. Nthawi ya bulb iliyonse imakhudza zaka 1-2. Amakulitsa masamba ophukira ndi kuphukira, kenako kumatulutsa. Nthawi zambiri mchaka choyamba cha moyo, maluwa samachitika. Pambuyo maluwa, bulb wakale wamwalira, ndipo ana angapo ang'onoang'ono amakula pafupi nawo.
Malo a Grassy amasinthidwa pachaka. Amakhala ndi tsinde komanso masamba okhuthala. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa tchire ndi masentimita 35-45. Mphukira yomwe ili kumtunda ilibe kanthu ndipo idakutidwa ndi masamba owala pansi. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amamera 30-55 cm kutalika ndi 1-3 cm mulifupi.
Munthawi yamaluwa (Julayi-Okutobala), inflorescence yayikulu imamera pamwamba pa tsinde. Tithokoze iye, kutalika kwa tuberose kumawonjezeka mpaka mita 1. Masamba otsekedwa amapaka utoto wowala wa pinki. Maluwa amakhala pachimake pa tsinde pamiyendo yosanja yoboola. Amakhala ndi chubu chokulirapo ndi mitengo ingapo ya miyala yoyera yoyera. Kutalika kwa mphukira umodzi ndi 5,5 masentimita, ndipo mulifupi mwake ndi masentimita 3-5. Ofatsa, koma mafupa akali kwambiri amafanana ndi sera.
Maluwa otseguka amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu. Ku Mexico ndi mayiko ena a ku Asia, inflorescence idagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zovala za mkwatibwi, kupanga maluwa paphwando losiyanasiyana ndikukongoletsa nyumba. Mmodzi inflorescence uli ndi masamba 10-30. Maluwa a maluwa amodzi amatenga masiku atatu. Masamba apansi ndi oyamba kutulutsa maluwa. Pambuyo kupukutira, zipatso zipse - oblong mbewu makapisozi okhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono, zosalala.
Mitundu ya Tuberose
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 13 mu mtundu wamera. Mu maluwa am'nyumba, mutha kupeza 2 mwa iwo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera.
Tuberose wideleaf. Chomera chimakhala ndi mabulosu 5 cm mulifupi ndi 3 cm.Nyundo imodzi yolunjika imakutidwa ndi masamba pansi. Masamba obiriwira otambalala kwambiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe onyezimira amisonkhanitsa mu rosette yoyambira. Mtundu wozungulira wozungulira ngati maluwa okongola ngati chipale chofewa ndi mainchesi 4. Maluwa amayenda ndi fungo lofooka kwambiri, koma lokoma. Imagwera pa Epulo-Meyi.
Ma Polyantes okhala ndi matumba ambiri. Kutalika kwa duwa lotambalala ndi masentimita 80-100. Masamba oyambira ali ndi masamba opapatiza, osachedwa kutalika kwa 50 cm.Masamba ang'onoang'ono a 5-6 masentimita atali m'munsi mwa tsinde. Dongosolo lawo ndi 60-6 masentimita. Lililonse lokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mkanda limaphatikizapo masamba 10-30. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Ngale. Terry onunkhira osiyanasiyana okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45-65. Pakatikati pa duwa loyera ndi masentimita 5. Chomera chake chimakonda kutentha, chimadzala mumbale.
- Chisoni. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiira.
- Sipala wa pinki. Chomera chokongola chopanda ma inflorescence. Imasungunula maluwa akuluakulu awiri okhala ndi pakati pinki komanso malire amdima wofiirira m'mphepete mwa miyala.
Njira Zofalitsira ndi Kutchera
Tuberose amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi mababu aakazi. Kufalitsa mbewu ndikovuta, chifukwa mbande mchaka choyamba cha moyo ndizofooka kwambiri. Afunika kuwongolera mosamala ndi kukonza kutentha kwanyengo.
Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amafalitsa tuberose ndi ma corm. Mwathunthu, mbewu yayikulu yotulutsa maluwa imapatsa ana 20 nyengo iliyonse. Kulekanitsa ndi kukula pokhapokha kumatha kukhala toyesa ndi mainchesi awiri: Pambuyo pa maluwa mpaka mpaka nthawi yophukira, ma corms sanakumbidwe. Amaperekedwa kuti akhwime bwino. Masamba akangoyamba kufota, ma tuberoses amatha kuzikumba, zouma ndi zitsulo zinagawika zigawo.
Pofuna kuti ma corm atuluke, amasungidwa mu moss wonyowa kapena peat pa kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 18 ° C mumdima wathunthu. Kulekanitsa chisa ndikusankha, koma zaka 3-4 zilizonse njirayi ndiyofunika. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imaphwanyidwa ndipo imaphuka moipa.
M'malo otentha, ndibwino kukula ma tuberoses mumtsuko, omwe mu kugwa akhoza kumangobweretsa mchipindamo osakumba chaka chilichonse. Kubzala dothi kuyenera kukhala kopatsa thanzi komanso kutulutsa madzi ambiri. M'mundamo, musanabzale tuberose, mchenga umathiridwa pansi pake. Ma corms amabzalidwa mosamalitsa - kuti khosi lili pamtunda.
Malamulo Osamalira
Tuberose amafunikira kuyesetsa kwa wosamalira dimba, koma samapatsa mphotho zokongola ndi zonunkhira zina pantchito yake.
Kuwala Tuberose imafunikira kuwala kosakhalitsa komanso kuwala kwa tsiku lalitali. Masana, maluwa ayenera kusinthidwa ndi dzuwa lotentha. M'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo, dzuwa silingavulaze mbewuyo. Mithunzi yakuya kapena masana, maluwa samakonda kuphuka.
Kutentha Chomera chimafuna kutentha. Ndikupangiri kuti kutentha kwa mpweya sikugwera pansi + 20 ° C, mwinanso kukula ndi maluwa kuthera. Pakachepetsedwa kukhala + 15 ° C, mbewuyo imafa. M'chilimwe, duwa limamera panja (m'mundamo, pamakonde kapena pa verandas), koma chitetezo chofunikira popewa ndikofunikira.
Chinyezi. Tuberose imafuna chinyezi cha 50-80%. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupaka mankhwala kangapo patsiku. Mukupsa masana Padzuwa lotseguka, m'malovu amadzimadzi amakhala magalasi ndikupangitsa kuyaka.
Kuthirira. Tuberose amafunika kuthirira koma nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi otetezedwa bwino, oyeretsedwa ndi kutentha pamwamba pa chipinda. Madzi sayenera kukhala pansi, chifukwa mababu adzawola msanga.
Feteleza. Kuti duwa lifike popanga msipu wobiriwira komanso pachimake, liyenera kudyetsedwa. Mafuta akachulukidwe kamapangidwe kapena njira zotchingira mbalame zowola zimawonjezedwa kunthaka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti mwezi uliwonse.
Kuchepetsa ndi garter. Pamene ikukula, ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba owongoka, osweka kapena owonongeka ndi inflorescence. Zoyambira zazitali zimathyoledwa mosavuta, chifukwa chake ziyenera kumangidwa. Mukugwa, drooping ndi wachikasu masamba amadulidwa. Pochotsa gawo lonse lanyengalo, ndizotheka kukakamiza babu kuti hibernate.
Kukakamiza. Pambuyo pakupumula kwa milungu ingapo, mutha kumchepetsa mzimba. Kuti achite izi, amazisamutsira kumalo owunikira bwino ndikuyamba kuthilira madzi pang'onopang'ono. Poto wobzala ukhale waung'ono (pafupifupi 5-7 cm). Imadzaza dothi lamtunda ndikuphatikizidwa ndi mchenga. Posachedwa kuphukira koyamba kudzaonekera. Maluwa amachitika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi itatha kumera.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Tuberose imatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amakhudza corm. Fungo la chomera, ngakhale limakhala lokongola kwambiri kwa anthu, limasokoneza tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, majeremusi nthawi zambiri amakhala pamenepo. Pafupipafupi ndi ma aphid ndi nthata za akangaude zimawonekera pamapepala. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Aktara, Biotlin) amathandizira kuti atuluke.
Tuberose m'munda
Ma inflorescence okongola komanso onunkhira a tuberose amabzalidwa pafupi ndi malo opumulirako kuti asangalale ndi fungo lochititsa chidwi. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'maudindo apakati m'mabedi amaluwa. Kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna, tuberose mumabzala ndi makatani wandiweyani. Ndi yoyenera kukongoletsa rabatok ndi mixborder.
Ma polyantes amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwinja ogulitsa makonde ndi masitepe. Nthawi zambiri, umabzalidwa ndi gladiolus, mallow, rosemary ndi delphinium. Ma inflorescence osalala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kusankha mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba ambiri kuposa maluwa otseguka.
