Quinoa m'minda yathu - kawirikawiri mlendo. Masiku ano, zoposa zana la mitundu yake zimadziwika. Zili ndi chophimba chokwanira cha malingaliro aumwini, malo osawoneka, mabanki a mtsinje, minda, minda ndi minda ya masamba. Namsongole mudziko - izi ndi vuto lalikulu kwa eni ake, chifukwa kawirikawiri kuchepa kwa mbeu sikukwanira kuti kamodzi kuthetsa kukula kosafunika.
Mukudziwa? Mwachizoloŵezi, timawona chomera chachonde chomera, komanso ndi chomera chopatsa thanzi, chimene nthawi zambiri sichidadyetsedwa ndi makolo athu okha, komanso ndi Aroma, Afransi, A German ndi Agiriki. Komanso, quinoa ingatipulumutse ku matenda ambiri. Chomeracho sichikutsutsana ndi zotsatira zake, zomwe zimapangitsa kutenga zonse popanda zosiyana.
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe ndi quinoa ndi momwe tingamere namsongole mu dziko.
Quinoa: kufotokoza kwa udzu
Nthata yachinoa - Chomera chaka chilichonse cha banja la hares. Quinoa wodzichepetsa, ndipo ngakhale pazomwe zimapangika dothi msanga msinkhu kufika pamtunda kuposa mamita. Udzu wa quinoa uli ndi mphukira yolunjika, kumtunda kwake komwe kumapangidwira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masamba omwe ali ndi mbali zofanana ndizo pansi, zazikulu, zitatu, ndi mano ang'onoang'ono pamphepete. Mayina oposa 20 a udzu amadziwika: udzu wa ufa, mar, sipinachi zakutchire. Udzu wotchedwa quinoa unkatchedwa chikwangwani choyera pa masamba. Amapanga maluwa obiriwira, omwe amasonkhana mu zikondamoyo. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, omwe mapeto ake amapanga mtedza wambiri. Iwo amapereka mowolowa manja nthaka kuyambira kumapeto kwa August mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa October. Quinoa pafupifupi pafupifupi kukoma ndi kununkhiza.
Ngakhale kuti padziko lapansi muli mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ya quinoa, kwa amaluwa wamaluwa, mitundu iwiri ndi yoopsa - munda ndi wamba. Garden quinoa ndi chomera cha masamba chomwe chili ndi melliferous, zokongoletsera ndi machiritso. Pophika, masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano kapena mchere.
Mukudziwa? Quinoa ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa sipinachi wotchuka, popeza ili ndi ndalama zochepa zedi za oxalic acid.
Garden quinoa ili ndi masamba akulu. Poonekera, chomeracho chikuwoneka chokongola kwambiri, chifukwa cha mtundu wake waukulu. Quinoa ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo ikhoza kukula bwino muzochitika zilizonse. Common Quinoa imakula bwino m'madera otentha ndi otentha. Gululi limaphatikizapo zomera zomwe zili zofunika pazomwe akulima: shrub, semi-shrub, osatha komanso yofala. Zina mwa mitundu yake zimakhala ndi miyala yabwino kwambiri, choncho zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wonsewo ukhale ndi ufa woyera.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi quinoa mu dziko, malangizo othandiza
Namsongo ndi tsoka lenileni kwa onse okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Makamaka bothering wamaluwa quinoa. Mtundu wa quinoa m'mundawu umafalikira pa liwiro la phokoso, choncho, ngati sitimayesa kuwononga namsongole mwa nthawi yake, idzafika mwamsanga chiwembu chonsecho. Anthu abwera ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi quinoa. Komabe, sikuli koyenera mwakhama kuti tichotse chomera ichi, popeza chiwonongeko chake chonse chingasokoneze chilengedwe. Choncho, ndi bwino kuchoka yekha chotoa chikukula m'chilengedwe.
Ndikofunikira! Kumayambiriro ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, njuchi zili ndi zomera zokwanira zomwe zimasonkhanitsa mungu - buckwheat, oak, elm, maple, hazel, Lindind ndi mpendadzuwa. Koma pambuyo pa July kumatha, kulibe mbewu iliyonse yomwe imayenera kusonkhanitsa mungu, ndiyeno quinoa, yomwe ikhoza kusamba ngakhale kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, basi.
Quinoa ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo ili ndi luso lapadera, lomwe limaphatikizapo chiwonongeko chake ndipo limatikakamiza kuti tiphunzire mwatsatanetsatane za momwe tingachitire ndi namsongole.
Mankhwala opangira nthaka, momwe angawononge quinoa ku dacha
Mwachizoloŵezi, njira yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito quinoa ndiyo kuchotseratu kwa zomera ndi zigawo zake kuchokera pa webusaitiyi. Chifukwa cha ichi, masika ndi autumn, pamene akumba kapena kulima nthaka, mizu ya zomera imasankhidwa mosamala m'nthaka. Kukumba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphanda, chifukwa izi sizimapweteka kwambiri phokoso la quinoa, koma zimathandizira kuchotsa chomeracho molondola kuchokera ku dothi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kufalikira. Olima amadziwa kuti atatha kuyeretsa mungathe kunena kwa quinoa kwa zaka zambiri. Kumbukirani kuti pazinthu izi sizikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsira ntchito fosholo, popeza kuti izi zimachepetsetsa bwino kuwonongeka.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi mankhwala a quinoa
Njira yamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi quinoa ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa. Herbicides ndi chida champhamvu chotsutsana ndi ziphuphu za quinoa. Komabe, powagwiritsa ntchito, ayenera kusamalidwa kuti zitsimikizireni kuti zinthu zopweteka sizigwera pa zomera zomwe zimalima, ndipo "Wand" wopulumutsa sakhala "lupanga la chilango". Ndipo izi muyenera kutsatira malamulo otetezeka pakamwa mankhwala. Kuwononga obzala mbewu a quinoa amagwiritsira ntchito systemic herbicide yochitapo kanthu - "Roundup", chinthu chogwiritsira ntchito chomwe ndi glyphosate. 
Ngati mitsinje ya quinoa iwonongeke ili pafupi ndi zomera, ndiye akatswiri amalangiza kuti asayese mankhwalawa, koma agwiritsireni ntchito ndi sering'i ku kukula kwa quinoa. Pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito "Roundup" udzu wouma umayamba pambuyo pa masiku atatu mpaka 4. Chophatikiza chachikulu ndicho chakuti mabakiteriya a nthaka amathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mankhwalawa ndipo atatha 18 okha - masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri (45) kuchokera pa ntchito yake sichidzasintha. "Roundup" ndi poizoni wovomerezeka ndi Ministry of Health.
Mukudziwa? Nthinoa yamsongole imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa: imatsuka bwino thupi kuchokera poizoni, imachotsa poizoni. Kuwonjezera apo, amaonedwa kuti ndi laxative yabwino kwa iwo amene amamatira zakudya za tirigu-carbohydrate ndipo amavutika ndi kudzimbidwa.
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito tornado quinoa. Koma pofuna kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake zochuluka kuchokera ku ntchito yake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa quinoa kuyenera kuchitika nyengo yadzuwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati chomeracho chikuchiritsidwa ndi chomera mvula kapena nyengo yamvula, kokha gawo la pansi la namsongole lidzawonongeka, ndipo mizu yake idzakhalabe yosakhudzidwa ndipo mwamsanga posachedwa mphukira zawo zatsopano zidzawonekera pa webusaitiyi.
Mukudziwa? Zowopsya zimaonedwa kuti ndi quinoa kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda owonjezereka. Pamodzi ndi ambrosia ndi chowawa, ndizo zizindikiro zitatu zoopsa kwambiri ndipo ndi mtsogoleri wosatsutsika wa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a nyengo.
Njira yothetsera vuto la kuwonongeka kwa quinoa imaonedwa ngati mankhwala "Lazurit", omwe ndi herbicide wa cholinga chapadera. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthaka muyenera kumasuka. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa m'nyengo yamtendere ndi youma. Pambuyo pokonza malowa, mankhwalawa amateteza ntchito yake kwa miyezi limodzi ndi theka, yomwe imathetsa mchenga wofooka kwathunthu.
Mmene mungachotsere quinoa m'munda, zowononga
Quinoa ndi zomera zamtundu zomwe zimatha kugwira malo onse, zomwe zimayambitsa wofalitsa mbewu kuti apeze njira zabwino zothetsera.
Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa china chofunikira chokana kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa quinoa ndikuti chimakhudza mchere kuchokera m'nthaka. Malowa a quinoa ndi othandiza makamaka kwa eni eni malo omwe ali ndi nthaka ya saline, monga kulima kwake kumathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino.
Masiku ano, njira zambiri zapangidwa kuti zisawononge maonekedwe a quinoa pa webusaitiyi, kuchokera ku namsongole wofooka, chithandizo cham'mbuyomu cha ziwembu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndipo amene amasankha kumadalira kokha zokhoza za mwini munda.
Mukudziwa? Zomera zouma bwino komanso zowonongeka zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala yabwino ndi nitrogen ndipo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa herbicides kumalangizidwa m'dzinja kuyerekezera mabedi osanyalanyazidwa. Panthawi imeneyi, pazifukwa, monga lamulo, ndiwo zamasamba zamasulidwa kale, choncho ndizotheka kupanga chiwerengero chonse cha ziwembuzo. Mankhwala amakopa olima mbewu chifukwa chakuti madontho angapo a ndalama ndi okwanira kuchotsa quinoa. Kuonjezera apo, herbicides ali otetezeka pa zachilengedwe ndipo ngati mukukulitsa malowa kugwa, ndiye kumapeto kwake mungathe kulima ndiwo zamasamba. Ngakhale kuti ambiri amaona kuti kugwiritsira ntchito njira zamakono, kunagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makolo athu. Zoona, mosiyana ndi amalima akulima amakono, sanagwiritse ntchito mafilimu apadera opangira zovala ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, koma amangotenga malo ozungulira zomera ndi utuchi, udzu, matabwa, zidutswa za toli, komanso ngakhale makatoni obiriwira.
Mafilimu ofiirira ndi osalovens samapereka kuwala kwa mbewu za namsongole, zomwe zimalepheretse kukula kwake. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, alimi odziwa bwino amalima mbewu zosiyana, zomwe sizimalola kuti quinoa ziphuke. Nthawi zina njira yogwiritsira ntchito tizilombo timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tiwathandize kukula msanga. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kumapeto kwa chisanu, chipale chofewa chimasungunuka, chiphimba chigawo chonsecho ndi filimu yoonekera. Pansi pogona, mbewu za quinoa zimakula mofulumira, kenako mphukira zimangowononga. 
M'zaka za m'ma 1930, pofuna kufulumira kukula kwa namsongole, America anayesa kulima nthaka ndi njira ya 6% ya mowa wa ethyl ndi madzi: mbande zamsongole zimawoneka mofulumira kwambiri, kenako zimachotsedwa ndi njira iliyonse yabwino. Koma chifukwa cha mtengo wapatali wa njirayi sali kufalikira. Inde, quinoa ndi udzu woipa, koma pali phindu lalikulu kuti thupi lathu likhale masamba ake, choncho sikoyenera kuwononga mphukira zake, mukhoza kuzidya.
