Zilizonse zomwe munabzala m'munda mwanu kapena m'munda wanu, amafunikira kudya ndi feteleza. Apo ayi, zokolola zabwino sizingatheke. Lero, msika wa feteleza ukuyimiridwa ndi nsalu yowonjezera ya mitundu yonse ya zomera ndi ndalama iliyonse. Komabe, wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amasankha kuti azidzaza malo awo akale - ndi manyowa. Ndipo kavalo wotetezedwa akukhala wotchuka kwambiri. Zimayesedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso zothandiza. Kodi gwiritsirani ntchito manyowa a mahatchi monga fetereza ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito molondola, werengani pansipa.
Kodi manyowa omwe amawathandiza kwambiri ndi otani?
Mahatchi amadzimadzi amakhala olemera kwambiri, ali ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous, calcium ndi zina. Zonsezi mu zovuta monga chothandizira champhamvu zimakhudza kukula kwa zomera ndi zokolola za nthaka. Kukambitsirana kosangalatsa za ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito manyowa monga feteleza nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamablog ndi pa maofesi a malo osokoneza bongo. Anthu ena amanyoza njira iyi, akukangana kuti simungathe kudandaula kwambiri, musadandaule ndi zofukiza zosasangalatsa ndikugula nyambo zachilendo m'masitolo. Ena amalankhula za zotsatira zozizwitsa za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pazinthu zawo.
Zirizonse zomwe zinali, koma ubwino wa manyowa a kavalo m'munda ndi munda zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ogulitsa ndiulimi: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumathandiza kukwaniritsa zokolola zazikulu za mbewu ndi munda wamunda, kuwonjezera kukana kwawo matenda ndi zinthu zina zowononga.
Manyowa a mahatchi amakhala ndi ubwino waukulu kuposa mitundu ina ya feteleza (monga mullein, nkhumba, nkhuku, manyowa a mbuzi) - imakhala yowala, yowuma, ndipo imatha mofulumira. Zimatentha bwino (kutentha kutentha ndi 70-80 ºС) ndipo zimapereka kutentha mofulumira, pamene zimatuluka pang'onopang'ono (zimatha kutentha kwa miyezi iwiri). Kuonjezera apo, sizikukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ngati manyowa a kavalo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fetereza pa nthaka, ndiye kuti ikhoza kupindula ndi kubereka kwakukulu. Amamasula nthaka bwino ndipo samathandiza kuti acidification, saturates ndi carbon dioxide, imakhala ndi mpweya wabwino, kutentha ndi madzi, imabweretsanso chakudya chambiri. Palibe feteleza wina ndi feteleza akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Manyowa a Mahatchi
Manyowa a mahatchi monga feteleza akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa kuwonongeka: mwatsopano, kachiwiri-kubwereza, pererevshim, m'chikhalidwe cha humus. Ganizirani ubwino wa aliyense wa iwo.
Mwatsopano
Nthaŵi zambiri feteleza za nthaka zimagwiritsa ntchito manyowa abwino. Zimatulutsa kutentha komanso nayitrogeni. Ndikofunika kumvetsa kuti humus yatsopano ndi yoopsa kwa zomera, chifukwa ikhoza kutentha mizu yawo. Choncho, nthawi yabwino yomwe mungathe kuthirira nthaka ndi manyowa a mahatchi ndi autumn, mutatha kukumba munda wa ndiwo zamasamba. Pambuyo pake, ngati mutapanga nyengo isanayambe, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa kasupe kudzadzala nthawi yomwe adzawonongeka ndipo adzapindula kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Kutentha kwa manyowa kungatheke mosavuta ndi diso. Zamoyo zazing'ono, udzu ndi utuchi wa mtundu wa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ndi zooneka bwino. Ndi manyowa okhwima m'kupita kwa nthawi, zamoyo zimakhala zakuda komanso zosiyana.M'chakachi, mafuta atsopano okwera pamahatchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomera zamtundu wa greenhouses ndi greenhouses, kukonza mabedi ofunda ndi maluwa chifukwa chokula nkhaka, zukini, maungu. Amaloledwa kupanga ma mbatata oyambirira ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yaitali. Pamene kudya, mankhwala ndi zina feteleza n'zotheka. Manyowa akhoza kukhala ndi composted ndi peat, utuchi, udzu, masamba akale, udzu. Manyowa abwino kwambiri amawoneka ngati osakaniza ndi peat. Njira yodula mtengo ndi udzu. Choyipa kwambiri mu khalidwe ndi ndowe ndi zowonjezera utuchi.
Komanso, manyowa atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera chakudya chamadzi.
Half broke
Zotsalira zamtundu wazinthu zamtunduwu zimakhala zofiira ndipo zimatha kuwonongeka mosavuta. Zomera za m'munda (zukini, kabichi, nkhaka) ndi maluwa zimadyetsedwa ndi manyowa a nkhwangwa. Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe a sewero-madzi pamene mukumba. M'chaka chachiwiri mutatha feteleza, ndi bwino kubzala mbatata, kaloti, beets, tomato, ndi strawberries. Yokwanira maluwa a mulching.
Zabwino
Manyowa akufa ndi misala yakuda yunifolomu. Ndi theka lakumapeto kuposa mwatsopano. Dothi la feteleza lopangidwa ndi feteleza ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la mbeu mmalo mwake: magawo awiri a dziko lapansi ku gawo limodzi la nthaka. Amagwiritsa ntchito tomato feteleza, mbatata zoyambirira, maluwa a maluwa ndi mitengo ya zipatso.
Humus
Humus - iyi ndi siteji yomaliza ya kuwonongeka kwa kavalo, mu mtundu uwu wa zinthu zakuthupi ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndipo wagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha mbewu zonse ndi munda wamaluwa.
Mukudziwa? Kuwonjezera pa kuti m'nthaka yokhala ndi humus, zomera zimafulumizitsa kukula kwawo, mizu yambiri imakula bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mu radish ndi anyezi mkwiyo umachoka.Humus imabweretsedwa pansi pa mitengo ya zipatso (mpaka zidebe zisanu), mbewu za mabulosi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zigwiritsidwe.
Momwe mungameretse zomera ndi manyowa a mahatchi
Dzina lachivalo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti limere zomera zambiri ndi dothi. Tinalemba mfundo zingapo za momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito manyowa pansi.
Mfundo zambiri
Kwa munda wa feteleza m'dzinja, mutatha kukolola, manyowa atsopanowa amaikidwa ndi masentimita 50. Kuchokera mmwamba muli ndi tsinde lokhala ndi 30-35 masentimita wandiweyani padziko lapansi. Norm - 600-800 g pa 100 sq. M. m; ngati kompositi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye - 100-200 g pa 100 sq. m. m
Ndikofunikira! Ndikoyenera kulima munda wa ndiwo zamasamba atangomaliza kufalitsa manyowa kuti asatayike kutayika kwa nayitrojeni yomwe imatha kuphulika msanga. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, chomera zomera ndi manyowa bwino tsiku limodzi.Mu kasupe, kugwiritsa ntchito malo atsopano ndi kotheka chifukwa cha mbewu zomwe zimatenga nthawi yaitali kukula ndi kukula (mbatata, kabichi).
Ndikumayambiriro kasupe wa wowonjezera kutentha Manyowa aikidwa 20-30 masentimita pansi pa nthaka. Mtengo wa Kuwonjezera ndi 4-6 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. Km. mamita a nthaka. Ndizofunikira kupanga nthaka yakupha ndi mphamvu yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate. Mabedi amakhala ndi polyethylene masiku awiri, kenako mutha kuyamba kubzala mbewu.
Kukonzekera kwa kuvala madzi kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwake: mu 10 l madzi osakaniza 2 makilogalamu a manyowa, 1 makilogalamu a utuchi ndi kuumirira milungu iwiri, kuyambitsa nthawi zonse, ndiyeno kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 1: 6. Komanso ulimi wothirira pansi pazu, mungagwiritse ntchito yankho la 1 makilogalamu a manyowa mu 10 malita a madzi.
Feteleza wa mbatata
Manyowa a mahatchi ndi abwino kwa mbatata. Dzina labwinopo ndibwino kupanga chiwembu kumene mukukonzekera kubzala mbatata mu kugwa. Ngakhale wamaluwa amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhumba.
Popeza kukula ndi kukula kwa tubers kumatenga nthaŵi yaitali, zitosi za akavalo zimaloledwa kumapeto (5 kg pa 1 sq. M). Nthawi zina manyowa amatsanulidwira m'menje kumene mbatata imabzalidwa ndikusakaniza ndi nthaka. Zindikirani kuti panthawi imodzimodzi zipatso zazikulu zimakula.
Ndikofunikira! Mu chidebe chimodzi cha 10-lita chikwanira 7.5 makilogalamu a manyowa ndi 5 kg wa manyowa ndi utuchi.
Kodi feteleza roses kavalo manyowa?
Dzina latsopano likulangizidwa kuti livekedwe maluwa. Sungani zitsamba mu kugwa, mukuziwombera. Choncho m'chaka chiri chonse chofunikira chopatsa thanzi chidzabwera ku zomera. Kubwezeretsanso maluwa kungakhale pamaluwa.
Feteleza zipatso
Ng'ombe za akavalo zimayenera bwino kudyetsa ndi kubzala mbewu za mabulosi, makamaka, strawberries ndi strawberries. Kudyetsa kumapangidwa ndi yankho lokonzedwa kuchokera ku 1 gawo la manyowa ndi magawo 10 a madzi. Asanagwiritse ntchito, osakaniza akuphatikizidwa maola 24.
Pofuna kubzala zipatso, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa owuma, ntchito yake ndi yosavuta - ndowa zitatu zimayikidwa pasadakhale pamabedi. Komanso pothandizidwa ndi manyowa a nthaka yamtchire, udzu ndi masamba, mukhoza kusinthana pakati pa mizere ya raspberries, strawberries ndi strawberries, mutayika masentimita 5-10 masentimita.
Momwe mungasunge manyowa a akavalo
Pofuna kuteteza zinthu zothandiza kwambiri mu manyowa, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasungire bwino. Pali njira ziwiri zosungiramo zakumwa za akavalo: ozizira ndi otentha. Tiyeni tidziŵe zambiri za aliyense wa iwo.
Njira yozizira
Ndi bwino kusunga manyowa. Kotero iye adzataya pang'ono nayitrogeni ndipo sadzapitirira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutseka ndi oxygen yochepa. Pofuna kutaya milu, m'pofunika kusankha malo oyenera - kukumba dzenje kapena kumanga choletsa. Udzu, peat, udzu, utuchi ndi wosanjikiza wa 20-30 masentimita amatsanulira pansi pa nsanjayi, ndiye manyowa amaikidwa 13-15 masentimita pamwamba ndipo 1.5-2 mamita lonse. Pamwamba pamakhala ndi peat kapena masentimita 20 kuti mutetezedwe ku chikoka cha kunja. Pakhoza kukhala zigawo zingapo mpaka mamita 1.5 m. Kwa dzinja, mukhoza kuziphimba ndi zojambulazo. Pa nthawi yosungirako, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dzina silinadandaule kwambiri komanso limangodutsa.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mudzipulumutse ku vuto la kupeza malo osungirako, mungathe kugula manyowa m'masitolo apadera. Lero, opanga amapereka madzi akuyikira ndi manyowa mu granules.
Njira yotentha
Ndi njira yotentha, manyowa amasungunuka mulu. Mlengalenga imalowa mosavuta, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa microflora. Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yosungirako, timataya zoposa theka la misa yathu ndi nayitrogeni yomweyi.
Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito manyowa monga feteleza siyotchulidwa
Ngakhale kuti phindu lalikulu la famu ya akavalo, Pali malamulo angapo pamene kugwiritsa ntchito izi sizothandiza. Nazi zotsatirazi:
Ngati pali malo omwe amapezeka m'nthaka, amatha kutentha ndipo sagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulumu;- Ngati pali nthaka yowonjezereka mu wowonjezera kutentha - chifukwa cha kuchepa kochepa mu nthaka, nthaka yotulutsa methane ndi hydrogen sulfide idzakhudza kwambiri mizu ya zomera;
- Onetsetsani kuti muyike mu dzenje ndi mbatata - matenda opatsirana amatha.
Ngati pali malo omwe amapezeka m'nthaka, amatha kutentha ndipo sagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulumu;Gwiritsani ntchito pa webusaiti yanu kapena ayi, mumasankha. Monga momwe mumasankhira momwe mungapezere izo - mudzazisonkhanitsa ndikuzisungira nokha kapena kugula izo phukusi.
