Dzungu ndi chikhalidwe cha thermophilic. Ngati madera akumwera kulima kwake sikubweretsa mavuto, ndiye kuti ku Urals ndikofunikira kuyandikira mosamala malo osankhidwa ndi malo ndikupanga nyengo zabwino kwambiri za mbewu, chifukwa nthawi yochepa komanso yotentha. Pokhapokha ngati mutachita izi, mutha kudalira kupeza zipatso zabwino.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya Ma Urals
Chikhalidwe monga dzungu chimamera pafupifupi ngodya zonse za dziko lapansi, koma kuti mukhale ndi mbewu yabwino, muyenera kutsatira ukadaulo womwe ukukula. Kulima maungu ku Urals ndikotheka m'malo abwino kwambiri ndikutsatira ukadaulo waulimi. Chofunikira pakupeza mbewu ndi kusankha koyenera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chisanu m'ma June sichachilendo m'derali. Izi zikusonyeza kufunika kosankha mitundu yoyambirira yakucha komanso yakucha yomwe imatha kucha nthawi yosungirako. Ganizirani otchuka aiwo.
Ngale. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zapakatikati koyambira ndikukhwima kwa masiku 100. Zomera zimatha kulekerera kusintha kwanyengo, nyengo zazing'ono. Dzungu ili ndi zipatso zabwino (15 kg pa m²). Zipatso zake ndi zamtundu, zokhala ndi peyala, zokhala ndi njere zazing'ono komanso zolemera 7 kg. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali komanso kukoma kokoma kwa zamkati ndi fungo la nati.
Ngale ya Pumpkin imatha kupirira nyengo zakusintha, zazing'ono zazing'ono
Bashi lalanje. Dzungu lakutsogolo kwambiri ndi nthawi yakucha kwamasiku 90-120. Zomera ndi zopindika, zosaluka. Zipatso zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, peel lalanje ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 4-7. Phata lamkati ndilapamwamba mu carotene, lokoma komanso yofewa.
Bush golide. Mitundu yoyambirira kucha ndi zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimafika pamtunda wa 5 kg ndikukula mumasiku 90-100. Kupanga kuchokera 1 m² ndi pafupifupi 15 kg. Chomera chokhala ndi zipatso zozungulira, pomwe pali gawo logawika magawo. Zosiyanasiyana zidakhala ndi dzina chifukwa cha peel yake, yomwe dzuwa limawoneka ngati golide. Mnofu wa dzungu ndi khasu, wachikasu, koma osadzitamandira chifukwa cha kutsekemera.
Gumpu wa pumpkin yosiyanasiyana ili ndi zipatso za 15 kg kuchokera 1m²
Dziko. Ndi ya mitundu yosagwira kwambiri komanso yakucha kwambiri (masiku 75-85). Unyinji wa zipatso ndi 3-4 kg. Khungu la dzungu ndi lolimba, lobiriwira komanso chikasu. Mnofu ndi wachikaso, onunkhira komanso wokoma. Amasungidwa mpaka miyezi 4.
Chithandizo. Mitundu yoyambirira ndi kukhwima kwa masiku 90-95. Amadziwika ndi kukana kuzizira komanso chinyezi chachikulu. Zipatso ndizokulungidwa, zopindika, zokhala ndi nthiti komanso zolemera mpaka 5 kg. Peelyo ndiwobiliwira imvi, thupi la mtundu wowala wa lalanje, lokoma, lalitali mu carotene.
Sweetie. Mitundu yoyambilira yazingwe komanso yosazizira, yakucha m'masiku 90. Zipatso ndizazungulira mawonekedwe ndi lalanje. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 2 kg. Peel imagawidwa m'magawo ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira. Zandalama zimasiyanitsidwa ndi juicness ndi kutsekemera.
Dzungu Maswiti - mitundu yayitali yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imalephera kuzizira, ipsa masiku 90
Kumwetulira. Poyamba chitsamba maungu amapsa masiku 85-90. Zipatso zazing'onozing'ono, zolemera 0,8-1 kg (malinga ndi omwe amapanga mbewu), zimafanana ndi mipira, zimakhala ndi utoto wowala wa lalanje. Thupi ndi crispy, lokoma, kukoma limafanana ndi vwende. Dzungu akhoza kudyedwa mwatsopano. Amasiyanitsidwa ndikusunga bwino, sikufuna malo osungirako apadera.
Zinthu zikukula
Kuti mukure pamunda wanu osati dzungu, koma zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso zake, muyenera kutsatira zomwe kulimidwa kwa mbewuyi. Choyamba, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a kasinthidwe kazomera ndi mbewu za dzungu (zukini, nkhaka, squash, dzungu, chivwende) m'malo omwewo kale kuposa zaka 4-5. Omwe amatsogolera bwino ndi miyambo yopanda mtanda. Simuyenera kubzala vwende pafupi, kuti matenda atha musakhale opanda mbewu zonse.
Dzungu lonse likufuna kuyatsa, ndikusowa kwake komwe kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira, kumawonjezera mwayi wamatenda, kuukira kwa tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, ngati dzungu ku Urals, muyenera kusankha malo ofunda, otsekemera komanso otetezedwa ndi mphepo, mwachitsanzo, kuseri kwa nyumba kapena zomangira. Tsambali liyenera kukhala lathyathyathya komanso lopezeka kutali ndi mbewu zomwe zikulimidwa.
Kukula mbande
Dzungu litha kulimidwa m'njira ziwiri - kudzera mbande ndikufesa mwachindunji mu nthaka. Komabe, ndichisankho choyambirira chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ku Urals, chifukwa ndichothandiza kwambiri komanso chodalirika. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuganizira njira zonse ziwiri mwatsatanetsatane.
Kubzala
Dzungu nthanga mu Urals zofesedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Meyi. Ngati ikuyenera kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti masiku obzala amasinthidwa kubwerera masiku 10-14.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Musanayambe kufesa mbewu, muyenera kukhala okonzeka. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewu zowonongeka, zowonongeka zimasankhidwa, ndipo zazikulu ndi zazikulu ndizotsala. Ngati mukutsimikiza za mbewu, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi yabwino bwanji kulima ndikuchiyika mchidebe chamadzi kwa maola 3-4. Mbewuzo zomwe zimamira pansi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala, koma zotsalira, ndibwino kuzitaya.
Njira yokonzera mbewu kwa wolimi aliyense akhoza kukhala yosiyana. Chifukwa chake, njira yowukitsira ndiyofala. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewu zimayikidwa m'madzi ofunda (maola 1-2) kapena potaziyamuanganamu (maminiti 15 mpaka 20). Ngati njira ya manganese yagwiritsidwa ntchito, mbewuyo iyenera kutsukidwa pambuyo pa njirayo, kenako ndikukulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza ndikumera kuti imere kutentha.
Mbewu za dzungu zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi ofunda, manganese, kenako zimamera kutentha
Mbeu zamunguzi zimamera, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa masiku awiri.
Ngati mumvera malingaliro a akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa, kuphatikiza pa kuwotcha mbewu kuyenera kuumitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, mbewu zophukira zimayikidwa pansi pansalu ya firiji ndi nsalu yonyowa kwa masiku 3-4. Pakukonzekera kubzala mbewu zakale zomwe zasungidwa zaka zopitilira 6-8, zimayatsidwa. Kenako amamangidwa ndi nsalu yopukutira ndikuyika m'madzi kutentha kwa 40-50 ° C, pambuyo pake amizidwa kuzizira. Ndikofunikira kuchita njirazi zingapo (4-5), kusungira mbewu m'madzi a 5 s. Pamapeto pa njirayi, mbewuyo imawuma ndikubzala. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mbeu youma, ndiye kuti kufesa kuyenera kuchitika sabata imodzi kale.
Kukonzekera akasinja ndi dothi
Mukamasankha zokhala ndi mbande zamunguzi, muyenera kuganizira kuti mbewu sizilekerera kutola. Makapu amtundu wa peat kapena otayidwa okhala ndi kukula kwa malita 0-0-0,5 ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yobzala. Kuphatikiza apo, chilichonse chomwe chili ndi voliyumu yaying'ono, mwachitsanzo, mabotolo apulasitiki odulidwa omwewo, omwe amatha kutulutsa mbewu mosavuta ndikazisintha, azikhala bwino.
Monga zotengera mbande zamungu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chofunikira
Ponena za dothi, dzungu limafuna dothi labwino, lomwe limatha kukonzekera palokha kapena kugula lokonzekera mbande zamasamba. Kuti muzisakaniza pawokha, zotsatirazi ndizofunikira:
- Magawo awiri a peat;
- 1 mbali inavunda utuchi;
- 1 mbali humus.
Kufesa mbewu
Pambuyo pazokonzekera zonse, mutha kuyamba kufesa. Muziwawononga motere:
- Ma tank akunyanja ali ndi dothi loposa theka. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mbewu zikakula, ndizotheka kumwaza nthaka.
Timadzaza akasinja okonzedwa ndi dothi losakaniza
- Madzi ochulukirapo.
Mukadzaza dziko lapansi, konthani madziwo ndi madzi
- Timabzala mbewu mpaka akuya masentimita 2-4.
Timazitsa nthanga dzungu ndi masentimita 2-4
- Phimbani beseni ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki wokutira.
Timaphimba m'minda ndi galasi kapena filimu kuti tipeze kumera koyenera
- Timasinthira kubzala kumalo otentha ndi amdima, timapereka kutentha masana + 20-25 ° C, usiku - + 15-20 ° C.
Maonekedwe a mphukira zoyambirira padziko lapansi ayenera kuyembekezera patatha masiku atatu mutabzala.
Vidiyo: kubzala maungu kwa mbande
Kusamalira Mbewu
Zikangowoneka mphukira, pobisalira tankiyo zizichotsedwa. Kufikira pakali pano, muyenera kuchita zowonjezera maulendo kawiri pa tsiku, ndikutsegulira masheya kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Kwa masiku 5-7 pambuyo poti ma tangiwo akuoneka, muyenera kusamukira kumalo komwe kutentha kumatsika ndi 5˚C.
Kusunthira mbande kumadera ozizira kumathetsa kufalikira mbande. Ngati mbewuzo zidatambasulidwa, muyenera kuwonjezera nthaka pang'ono.
Kuti kukula kwabwinobwino ndikukula kwa mbande za maungu, kuyatsa kumafunikira, komwe kumayikidwa dzuwa pawindo. Kutalika kwausana masana kumathandizanso kuti mbande zisatambule. Kuphatikiza pa kuwala, dzungu likufunika chinyezi, chomwe chimathandizidwa ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso koyenera.
Kuti mbande za maungu zikule ndikukula bwino, amafunika kupereka magetsi abwino
Pakatha masabata awiri chitamera, mbande zimatha kukumana ndi manyowa. Pazifukwa izi, yankho la nitrophoska (0,5 tbsp. Per 5 l yamadzi) kapena mullein (100 g kuchepetsedwa mu 1 l yamadzi, kunena maola 3-4, kuchepetsedwa mu madzi 5) ndi yoyenera.
Kuthira mbande m'nthaka
Mbewu zachikale zimabzalidwa pachikhalidwe pansi pa filimuyo kumapeto kwa Meyi komanso koyambirira kwa Juni. Madeti ena owonekera amatengera nyengo. M'badwo wa mbande nthawi ya kukokoloka ndi pafupifupi masiku 30. Pakadali pano, akuyenera kukhala ndi masamba enieni komanso okhazikika awiri, ndipo kutalika kumayenera kufika masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosinthira ndi nthawi yamadzulo kapena yamvula. Mbande zibzalidwe malinga ndi pulani 100 * 100 cm. Kuti izi zitheke, nyengo yofunda yofunda ndi kutentha pafupifupi + 15 ° C iyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kuyika kumatsitsidwa kuzinthu zotsatirazi:
- Timapanga dzenje lalikulu, kutsanulira humus ndi phulusa pansi, kenako ndikuthira ndi madzi ofunda.
Kupatsa mbeu chakudya choyenera, humus imawonjezedwa kuzitsime mukabzala
- Kuchokera pa thankiyo yobzala, chotsani mmerawo limodzi ndi nyemba, kuti musawononge mizu.
Timachotsa mbande za maungu mosamala mumakontena, kupewa kuwononga mizu
- Timayika chomera dzenje ndikudzaza ndi dothi kuchokera m'mundamo.
Nthimba zimayikidwa m'maenje obzala ndikugona tulo ndi dimba
- Mutabzala, timalowetsa khosi ndi kuphimba ndi filimu.
Dothi la mulch limasunga chinyezi m'nthaka, kupewa udzu. Kuphatikiza apo, humus imapatsa mbewu zakudya zowonjezera zakudya.
Vidiyo: Kubzala mbande m'nthaka
Kulima wowonjezera kutentha
M'malo ovuta kwambiri a Siberia ndi Urals, kulima maungu kuli ndi mfundo zake, popeza kulibe masiku otentha ambiri m'maderawa. Chimodzi mwazomwe mungalimire ndikubzala maungu m'malo otsekedwa. Koma malo mu wowonjezera kutentha, monga lamulo, nthawi zonse sikokwanira, ndipo dzungu ndi chomera chambiri ndipo limakhala m'dera lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuchita zina mwanzeru. M'malo obiriwira a polycarbonate, kukhazikitsa njirayi kumakhala kovuta, koma m'mafilimu wamba sizovuta kuchita izi.
Mukakulitsa maungu mu wowonjezera kutentha, mizu imakhalabe mkati, ndipo tsinde ndi zipatso zimamera kunja
Dzungu nthawi zambiri libzalidwe pafupi ndi nkhaka, ndikuwapatsa malo pakona. Maenje obzala amachitidwa chimodzimodzi ndi malo otseguka, osayiwala kuti manyowa, mutabzala mbewu kapena kufesa mbewu. Kutalika kwa tsinde kukafika pafupifupi 0.5 m, nyengo imakhala yokhazikika komanso yosasunthika pakawunda. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, m'mphepete mwa filimuyo mumapinda ndipo kuthawa kumamasulidwa mumsewu. Chifukwa chake, mizu ya chikhalidwecho ili malo otsekedwa, ndipo zipatso zimapezeka poyera. Kuti tikule mbande dzungu pamalo otetezeka, ndikofunikira kupereka zotsatirazi:
- kutentha masana mkati mwa + 18-25 ° C, usiku + 15-18 ° C;
- chinyezi chachikulu;
- kuyatsa kwabwino;
- mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kupewa matenda a fungal.
Kubzala mbewu munthaka
Mutha kubzala dzungu mu Urals ndipo nthawi yomweyo mutadzala, koma, monga akunenera, mwakuwopsa kwanu komanso pangozi. Momwe tingachitire, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Ngati mukufuna kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maungu, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mu zomerazi mizu yake imakhala pafupifupi 8 m². Izi zikusonyeza kufunika kokonza munda wonse, womwe umapangidwira chikhalidwe. Ntchito yokonzekera malowa imaphatikizanso kuyambitsa mabatani awiri a manyowa ndi humus pa 1 m² kuti akumbire m'dzinja. Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza wachilengedwe amathandizidwe: 40-60 g ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate, komanso 1 tbsp. phulusa la nkhuni pa 1 m².
Pankhani yolima zitsamba zamtchire, ndikofunikira kukonzekera maenje obzala omwe ali odzazidwa ndi fetelezayo pakugwa:
- 2/3 zidebe za humus;
- 2 tbsp. l superphosphate;
- 1 tbsp. l feteleza wa potashi;
- 4-5 Luso. phulusa.
Pokonzekera dzungu lachifundo, feteleza ndi michere yonse ya michere
Kuti dothi lotayirira, kasupe ndikofunikira kukonzanso.
Kubzala
Kuti kumere kwa nthangala yake kwakanthawi, ndikofunikira kusunga masiku obzala. Dzungu libzalidwa panthaka itatha kutentha kwanyengo (+ 12˚˚), komanso ngati nyengo ikhala yotentha. Ku Urals, zinthu zoyenera zimachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi komanso koyambirira kwa Juni.
Njira zokulitsira
Mbewu zodzala potseguka zakonzedwa chimodzimodzi monga mbande zokulira. Njira zotsalazo zimatsitsidwa zotsatirazi:
- Pamalo omwe adakonzedwa, timapanga mabowo molingana ndi chiwembucho malinga ndi mitundu ya maungu, pambuyo pake timawaza ndi madzi ofunda.
Asanabzale mbewuzo, zitsimezo zimathiridwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda
- Timazitsa nthanga ndi masentimita 4-5. Timayika nthangala za 3-5 mu fossa iliyonse.
Nthanga zodzala zimayikidwa mu maenje obzala.
- Timadzaza ndi dziko lapansi komanso pang'ono mulch humus.
- Timaphimba ndi galasi, filimu kapena zinthu zina zophimba.
Mutabzala mbewu, mabedi amakutidwa ndi filimu
Wosanjikiza mulch sayenera kupitirira 2 cm, apo ayi mphukira zazing'ono sizingathe kudutsa kukula kwamakulidwe.
Kanema: Kubzala nthanga panthaka
Kutambalala
Popeza chomera chimodzi chimafuna malo opatsa thanzi a 1-4 m², njira yodzala iyenera kutsatiridwa, kutengera ndi mbewu zomwe zabzala. Maungu akacha kucha amafunikira malo ocheperako, omwe amatha mochedwa kwambiri. Mitundu yokhala ndi mipanda italiitali yobzalidwa patali pakati pa mabowo a 1.5-2 m, pakati pa mizere - 1.4-2 m. Mukakulima mitundu yamtchire, kubzala kumakhala kosiyana pang'ono: 80 * 80 masentimita kapena 1.2 * 1.2 m. Kukula kwa kuyika kwa mbewu kumatengera mtundu wa dothi. Pamadothi opepuka, mbewu imafesedwa mpaka akuya masentimita 4-8, pamadothi olemera - 4-5 cm.
Dzungu kubzala maonekedwe amasiyanasiyana
Chisamaliro cha Dzungu
Kusamalira mbewu yomwe ikufunsidwa sikubweretsa zovuta zilizonse ndipo kumatsikira pakuwona zinthu zofunika monga ulimi monga kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, ndikupanga tchire.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ngakhale maungu amakonda feteleza, sayenera kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Potseguka, chikhalidwe chimadyetsedwa kawiri:
- ndikupanga mapepala 5 a 10 g a nitrophoska mu mawonekedwe owuma pansi pachitsamba chimodzi;
- zotupa zikawoneka, 15 g ya nitrophoska imadzidulira mu 10 l ndikuthiridwa pansi pa chomera chimodzi.
Kuphatikiza pa mchere, feteleza wachilengedwe amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pazifukwa izi, phulusa lamatanda ndi loyenera (1 tbsp. Per chomera chilichonse), komanso mullein (1 lita imodzi ya zinthu 10 malita a madzi). Mullein imayambitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula pamlingo wa malita 10 pa tchire 6 komanso nthawi ya zipatso - malita 10 pa tchire 3.Zakudya zonse zimaphatikizidwa mu dzenje lomwe kale lidakumbidwa ngati mphete kuzungulira chomera. Kuzama kwake kumayenera kukula ndikukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo - kuchokera pa 8 cm mpaka 15 cm.
Kanema: kudyetsa dzungu organic
Kuthirira
Kutsirira maungu kumaphatikizidwa ndi kumasula dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole, pomwe njirayi iyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti isawononge mizu. Pakathirira gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda okha: madzi apampopi kapena kuchokera pachitsime sioyenera chifukwa kutentha pang'ono, komwe kumavulaza mizu. Kutsirira kuyenera kuperekedwa mwachidwi nthawi ya maluwa: chinyezi chimalimbikitsa mapangidwe a maluwa achikazi. Madzi otuluka pakadali pano ali pafupifupi malita 30 pachitsamba chilichonse. Zipatsozo zikayamba kucha, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa, chifukwa chinyezi chowonjezera chimakhudza nthawi yayitali yosungirako, komanso kumachepetsa shuga mumipatso.
Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda okha kuthirira dzungu.
Kupanga kwa thumba ndi kupukutira
Kuti mbewuyo isawononge mphamvu pakuwonjezerapo mphukira ndi mazira, ndikofunikira kumaliza mapangidwe a lashes, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zipatso zazikulu zikhale ndi kukoma kwabwino. Kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira pachitsamba kutengera dera ndi nyengo. Mu Urals, monga lamulo, zosaposa 2-3 za mazira akuluakulu kwambiri ndizotsalira, ndipo zina zonse ndizosweka. Tchire la chikhalidwe chomwe chifunsidwa chimapangidwa kukhala chimodzi kapena ziwiri zimayambira. Mukapangika mu tsinde limodzi, mphukira zonsezo ndi thumba losunga mazira ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Palibe yoposa mazira atatu omwe atsalira pa tsinde. Pambuyo pomaliza, muyenera kusiya masamba 3-4 ndikuchotsa malo okula. Dzungu likapangidwa m'mitengo iwiri (yapakatikati ndi yotsatira), zipatso ziwiri zimatsalira pazomwezo, ndi imodzi mbali. Pambuyo pa ovary, muyenera kusiya masamba 3-4, ndikanikizira mphukira kumbuyo kwawo.
Dzungu litha kupangika kukhala chimodzi kapena ziwiri zimayambira, kusiya zipatso zitatu pachitsamba
Kanema: Mapangidwe a Dzungu
Nthawi zina, chifukwa chamachitidwe oyipa, maungu amayenera kupukutidwa mwanjira. Ndondomeko imachitika m'mawa, pomwe duwa lamphongo lomwe limakhala ndi ziphuphu zakumaso liyenera kukanikizidwa kuti lisaone maluwa.
Maluwa aamuna ndi aakazi ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa: chachikazi kumanja, wamwamuna kumanzere
Ndiwosavuta kusiyanitsa kugonana kwa duwa: Poyamba akazi amakhala ndi thumba losunga mazira, pomwe amuna amakula phewa lalitali.
Kanema: momwe mungapangire kuipitsa kwa maungu
Matenda a Dzungu ndi Tizilombo
Kuti mbewu zikule ndikukula bwino, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe alili kapena matenda kapena tizirombo, titenge mbali zoyenera. Izi zikusonyeza kufunika koti muzindikire iwo moyenera.
Matenda
Bacteriosis ndimatenda ofala kwambiri, omwe amadziwoneka okha ngati mabala ang'onoang'ono pama cotyledons ndi mawanga a bulauni pama pulasitiki azithunzi. Matenda a bacteriosis akakhudzidwa, pamwamba pa chipatso chimakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, maungu amapunduka. Zilonda zikauma, zimayamba kulowa mkati mwa mwana wosabadwayo. Matendawa amakula ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka komanso kusintha kwa kutentha. Matendawa amatengedwa ndi tizilombo, madzi ndi zidutswa za zomerazo. Popewa kukula kwa bacteriosis, njere zimachotsedwa musanafesane ndi solution ya 0,02% ya zinc, kenako zouma bwino. Ngati zizindikiro za mawonekedwe a matendawa apezeka pamabowo, amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux fluid.
Chifukwa cha bacteriosis, masamba a maungu amasintha, pomwe amawuma ndikugwa, ndikupanga mabowo
Matenda ena odziwika bwino ndi zowola zoyera. Sikovuta kuzizindikira: kuyera kwoyera kumera pamitengoyi, komwe kumayambitsa kufewetsa komanso kuwonongeka pambuyo pake. Matendawa amafalikira mwachangu ndi chinyezi chachikulu cha mpweya ndi nthaka. Zina zomwe zakhudzidwazo zimayenera kuwazidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Kupatula kupezeka kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa zinyalala zam'mera pamalowo. Pankhani yoyola yoyera, muyenera kuchotsa masamba kuti mabala awume padzuwa. 0,5% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidutswazo.
Ndi zolaola zoyera, kachilombo komwe tsamba limasinthira ndikuwola
Muzu wowola - matendawa amatitsogolera ku maonekedwe a zoponderezedwa. Mphukira ndi masamba amatenga ubweya wachikasu ndipo kenako kuvunda. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda am'madzi kuthilira ndi madzi ozizira kapena kusintha kwa kutentha. Popewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira mbewu masabata awiri aliwonse ndi Previkur malinga ndi malangizo. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyang'anira kuyera kwa malowa, chotsani namsongole ndi zotsalira zina zakomera. Zomera zikagwidwa, tsinde limakonkhedwa ndi dothi labwino kuti lipange mizu yatsopano.
Mizu yowola masamba ikasanduka chikasu chofiirira kenako kuvunda
Powdery mildew imawonetsedwa pamlingo wokulirapo pamasamba momwe amapangira zoyera. Pambuyo pakugonjetsedwa ndi matendawa, masamba amasamba achikasu ndikuwuma. Kuchokera pamenepo, zokolola zimachepa, njira ya photosynthesis imayamba kuipiraipira. Matendawa amakula ndi kuthirira kosakwanira komanso chinyezi chokwanira, komanso kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni pakudya. Powdery mildew imafalikira ndi mafunde a mphepo. Monga matenda ena, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kukhala zoyera. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikuwoneka, mbewuzo zimathandizidwa ndi colloidal sulfure. Masamba omwe akhudzidwa amachotsedwa.
Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha ufa wa powdery ndi kuphimba koyera pamasamba
Tizilombo
Tizilombo timavulanso maungu. Ambiri mwa awa ndi kangaude. Imawonongera kumbuyo masamba, pambuyo pake imapanga tsamba loonda. Choyamba, mtundu wa pepalalo umasintha, kenako umawuma. Mukapanda kuyankha munthawi yake, mbewuyo imafa. Kuti muchepetse tizilombo, mbewu zambiri zimathiridwa madzi, makamaka ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena mankhusu a adyo (200 g wa mankhusu 10 mg wa madzi).
Kumata kumakhala ndi tsamba lochepera mbali zonse za mbewu
Maphon aphid choyamba amafalitsa namsongoleyo, kenako ndikusunthira ku dzungu. Tizilombo timadzaza chomera chonse. Pambuyo pakugonjetsedwa, masamba amapindika ndikugwa. Mukapanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowononga tizilombo, maungu a maungu amangofa. Kuti achotse nsabwe za m'masamba, iwo amalavulidwapo ndi yankho la 10% ya malathion.
Vwende ndikumachulukitsa mosiyanasiyana masamba, ndikuyamwa zipatso kuchokera ku mtengowo
Kututa ndi kusunga
Mutha kuweruza kuti dzungu lacha ndipo nthawi yakwanira kukolola ndi izi:
- phesi laphwa, lakhwima, linyalala;
- Masamba afota, afota;
- peel yakhala yovuta.
Dzungu limayamba kutsukidwa pambuyo poyambira ndikusiya lowuma
Mukakolola, ndikofunikira kudula tsinde, ndikusiya masentimita 3-4, pomwe peel sayenera kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, zipatsozo zimasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Ndikofunikira kuti musangotola dzinthu munthawi yake komanso molondola, komanso kuti muzizisunga. Chifukwa chake, mutakolola dzungu litha kudyedwa. Komabe, chikhalidwe ichi, monga lamulo, sichinakulidwe muchitsamba chimodzi, chomwe chimakupangitsani kuganiza zosungira. Pazifukwa izi, pansi panthaka, pansipo, khonde, nyumba yachifumu, barani ndi yabwino. Mosasamala malo omwe mwasankha, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira zinthu zingapo:
- chinyezi - 75-80%;
- kutentha - + 3 ... + 15˚C;
- mpweya wabwino.
Chimodzi mwazinthuzi chikapanda kukwaniritsidwa, kuuma kwa dzungu kumawonongeka. Zipatso zonse zimatumizidwa kuti zizisungidwa popanda kuwonongeka. Maungu aja omwe ali ndi zowaza kapena zonona pamiyendo yawo amadya bwino kwakanthawi kochepa. Ngakhale kusungirako kuli pansi pazoyenera, kwa nthawi yayitali sichinama. Zipatso zowonongeka zimatha kutsukidwa ndikuchotsa gawo lowonongeka, kupatulira mbewu ndikuyika zamkati mufiriji. Mukasungidwa m'chipinda china, ndikofunikira kuyika maungu pamashelefu, poyimitsa, koma osati pamtunda.
Mukasunga maungu, muyenera kuwona kutentha ndi chinyezi
Ngati mungatsatire zomwe ena alimi, ndiye kuti zipatsozo zitha kusungidwa m'mabokosi ndi udzu.
Aliyense akhoza kukula dzungu, ngakhale mu nyengo za Urals. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha mitundu yoyambirira yoyambirira, chomera bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo ndi yabwino. Kuti zipatso zitheka mukakolola kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino osungira.
