Momwe mungasamalire mapeyala - chomera kunyumba

Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kudziwa popewa avocados kwa omwe akuzunzidwa ndi vutoli ndi chipatso. Avocado ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda kubereka zipatso kunyumba. Chipatsochi chimamera kuchokera pafupa, chimakhala bwino kunyumba, ngati chisamaliro choyenera chimaperekedwa. Mukamasankha chipatso kuti mupeze mbewu, ndibwino kuti musankhe mitundu ya Hole. Njoka yamtunduwu wa avocado idakulidwa ndi Rudolf Hass, yemwe adasintha chomera kuti chisamalidwe kunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, Hass avocado ili ndi kununkhira kosangalatsa kwamtundu wina, ndizotsekemera pang'ono kuposa mitundu ina.

Avocado adabwera kwa ife kuchokera kugombe la North ndi South America. Dzina la chipatso lenileni limachokera ku mawu omwe amwenye achiaziteki amatcha - ahuacate. Amatanthauzira ngati "dzira", chifukwa nthawi yakucha pamtengo, chipatso chimafanana.

Chipatso cha Avocado

Mtengowo uli ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yambiri, yaying'ono kukula, koposa chitsamba. Kuti chomera chikule bwino, ndibwino kuti mubzale mbewu ziwiri pafupi. Mukukula, amaphatikizana ndi nthambi ndikugwirana. Masambawo ndi amtali, achikopa, malo okongola ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Mtengo wa avocado umaphuka ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu, omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nthambi.

Chipatsocho chimatha, chofanana ndi dzira lobiriwira. Khomali limakhala loumbika, lolimba, lokhazikika. Mkati, mnofu wamafuta, wobiriwira wachikasu. Pakatikati pa mwana wosabadwa pali fupa lalikulu, lozungulira, lolimba la bulauni, lofanana ndi mtedza. Chipatso chimakoma kuwala, wowawasa.

Mu supermarket yapafupi mutha kupeza mitundu iyi ya avocad kukula:

• Avocado Bacon. Mitundu ya ku Mexico imasiyanitsidwa ndi peel wowonda, wowoneka bwino wobiriwira ndi tint wachikasu, mnofu wachikasu, ndi fupa lalikulu. Chipatso pachokha chimakhala chachikulu.
• Avocado Hass. Khungu limakhala lobiriwira pakuda, nthawi zina limafikira lakuda. Kuguza ndi mtundu wachimtchi, kukoma kwake kumakhala kokwanira. Amakhala wakucha kwa nthawi yayitali.

Avocado Hass

• Avocado Gwen. Pafupifupi kuzungulira mawonekedwe, akulemera kuchokera ku 180 mpaka 450g. Mwalawo sunakulire, mnofu ndi wachikasu wobiriwira, kukoma kwake ndikodzaza, zofewa. Peel ndiyabwino, ndipo zipatso zakupsa zimakhala zakuzama kwambiri.
• Avocado Fuerte. Zosalala khungu losalala, lalitali. Guwa ndi mafuta, mafuta, chikasu kapena chowala, kutengera malo omwe kulimidwa.
• Avocado Ettinger. Imakhala ndi kakomedwe kosangalatsa, thupi limafanana ndi tchizi wokonzedwa, nthawi zina lokhala ndi nsonga za pine. Fupa ndilalikulu, khungu limakhala loonda, limakonda kuwonongeka.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa zipatso zakupsa kumadzazidwa ndi mitundu yaying'ono yothandiza:

• 30% ya kapangidwe kake ndi masamba a masamba. Ili ndiye chuma chachikulu cha avocados, omwe otsatira chakudya chabwino adachikonda. Mafuta amathandizira thupi, kukonza mkhalidwe wa misomali, tsitsi ndi mafupa.
• CHIKWANGWANI Chimalimbikitsa chimbudzi. Atsuka thupi, amachotsa poizoni ndi poizoni.
• Vitamini E. Wachiwiri dzina lake ndi Vitamini Vitamini. Imakhazikika pakhungu, imasinthanso maselo, imalimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi. Zimawonjezera kupanga kwa collagen ndi elastin, mawonekedwe ake amakhala osangalatsa.
• Vitamini C. Imalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati prophylaxis ya chimfine, chimfine, tonsillitis.
• Mavitamini a gulu B. Makamaka, zipatso za avocado zimadzaza ndi vitamini B6, zomwe zimathandiza kuti thupi likhale lolimba komanso kuyeretsa magazi.
• Folic acid. Chinthu chapadera chothandizira dongosolo lamanjenje. Ndizofunikira makamaka panthawi yonyamula mwana.
• Vitamini K. amayeretsa kwamikodzo, amasungunula mafupa olimba.
• Mkuwa ndi potaziyamu. Zothandiza pokhalira minofu yambiri, imakhutitsa thupi ndi mapuloteni. Potaziyamu prophylactically amachita pamatenda amtima, imabwezeretsa myocardium.

Avocados akhala akutchuka kwa zaka mazana angapo, abwera kumene ku dziko lathu posachedwapa. Malo omwe zipatso zimakhalira ndi Mexico ndi Central America. Amwenye, ngakhale isanayambe kugonjetsedwa kwa America, adayamika mphamvu zake zakuchiritsa komanso mphamvu zamankhwala. Ndipo kuyambira ku Europe, komanso ku Russia, chikhalidwe cha kukula kwa avocados sichinapangidwebe, wamaluwa ochita masewera asintha kuti abzale mbewuyo kunyumba.

Mbewu zodziwika bwino zimasankhidwa kuti zibzalidwe, zimadzazidwa ndi mphamvu zambiri ndikumera bwino. Choyamba, fupa limanyowa m'madzi owiritsa owiritsa a kutentha kwapakatikati. Sizofunikira kuti mudzaze kwathunthu.

Kuti chomera chikule msanga, mutha kupanga timabowo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 3 mm, mwachitsanzo, ndi singano, ndikuyika zodzikongoletsera m'mano, ndikukonza fupa m'mwamba ndi iwo. Kapena pazolinga zomwezo, gwiritsani ntchito miyala yomwe imasunga zinthu patali la masentimita 1-2 kuchokera pansi pa thankiyo.

Kubzala mafupa pamiyendo

Makala (monga njira, yoyendetsera) makala amathetsedwa chifukwa cha kukula, koma sikofunikira. Masika ndi nthawi yabwino kubzala. Gawo loyamba liziwonekera pakapita sabata limodzi mpaka miyezi iwiri.

Mbewu imabzyala m'nthaka pomwe chomera chikufika masentimita atatu. Kwa miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi mphika wawung'ono, womwe pansi pake uyenera kutulutsidwira m'lifupi la zala ziwiri. Avocados sakonda madzi oyimirira pamizu.

Momwe mungasamalire mapeyala kunyumba

Avocado ndi mtengo womwe umafuna chisamaliro chapadera kunyumba. Afunika kukhazikitsa boma loyenerera lotentha, kupereka kuwunikira kwapamwamba, kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba.

Kutentha

Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubala zipatso pamalo otentha, kotero mpweya mchipinda chomwe chikuyimira suyenera kukhala pansi +16 ° C. M'nyengo yachilimwe imakhala bwino + 22 + 28, nthawi yozizira + 18 + 20 ° C. Avocados amaopa hypothermia, amatha kuyamba kusiya masamba.

Kuwala

Mphika wokhala ndi fupa komanso mphukira umayikidwa pazenera zotentha kwambiri mnyumbamo. Ngati izi sizikupezeka, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga zida zowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za ultraviolet. Avocados amafunika nthawi yopepuka ya maola osachepera 15.

Kuthirira

Dziko lapansi mumphika liyenera kukhala lonyowa. Palibenso chifukwa choswana chonyowa, mapeyala samakonda izi. M'chilimwe, kuyanika dothi lovomerezeka ndizovomerezeka, komabe, ngati mukumva gawo lapansi lakuya kwa phalanx ya chala, ndiye kuti nthaka yake iyenera kukhala yonyowa. Drainage imapulumutsanso mizu ku chinyezi.

Kuwaza

Ngati mupopera mbewuyo, ndiye kuti mawanga omwe amawoneka amawoneka pamasamba, ndikofunikira kuchita popanda njirayi.

Dothi

Malo a avocados ayenera kukhala airy, ovomerezeka madzi ndi michere, muyenera kusamalira chisankho chabwino. Nthaka yayikulu ya zipatso. Komanso nyumba zopangidwa ndi peat, mchenga, tsamba ndi malovu.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kusamalira chomera kumaphatikiza kudyetsa nthawi yakukhula kwamaluwa - kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Sepemba. Ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zopangidwa mwakapangidwe kazomera zipatso kamodzi.

M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umafunika kuthirira kawiri kuposa nthawi yotentha. Pali yopuma pakukula, chomera cha avocado cham'nyumba sichimabala zipatso ndi maluwa nthawi imeneyi. Mtengowo sufunanso kudyetsedwa. Ndikokwanira kuyang'anira kusintha kwa kuwunikira.

Mtengo wa Avocado

Avocado limafalikira kawirikawiri, ngakhale mu zikhalidwe. Kunyumba, mutha kuzindikira maluwa oyamba osasintha a nondescript zaka 5-7 mutabzala fupa. Ndikotheka kupangitsa maluwa kale, chifukwa muyenera kubzala mbewu. Awo omwe ali ndi mwayi komanso mapeyala amatulutsa ayenera kupanga mungu pawokha ndi burashi kuti atenge zipatsozo.

Zomera zitaphuka, nthawi zambiri zimachitika mchaka kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.

Mitundu ya maluwa

Mu avocado, maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa ndi manyani kumapeto kwa nthambi. Maluwa amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena wachikasu. Mitundu ya peyala yamaluwa oyenda pang'ono ndi yaying'ono, yokhala ndi inflorescence pafupi ndi kumapeto kwa nthambi.

Momwe ungaberekera zipatso kunyumba

Mwambiri, mtengo wa avocado samabala zipatso kunyumba. Pali mwayi wocheperako woti zitha kubala zipatso zomwe zimakhazikika ku boma ngati zitapatsidwa katemera. Mtengo wowonda wokhala ndi korona wokongola wokongola umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa.

Kuti ndodo yayitali singakule kunyumba osati mtengo wokongola, muyenera kutsina popewa. Mphukira zimachokera kumtunda ndipo nthambi za mtengo waukulu zimadulidwa. Zotsatira zake, mbewuyo imawombera mozungulira ndikupanga korona wokongola wamasamba. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi imachitika masamba 8 akamamera pachitsamba. Mphukira zatsopano zimatha kudulidwa ngati masamba osachepera asanu.

Pali njira zingapo zachikhalidwe zopangira ma avocados: kudula, kuchokera ku mbewu, ndi ena.

Kumera kwa mbeu

Mitengo ya Avocado imabala zipatso kawirikawiri, ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthangala kuchokera ku chipatso chatsopano kuti mubereke.

Mizu yodula

Zodula sizipereka mizu, zimachitika ndi imodzi yokha ya 10. Zomera zazikulu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito njirayi, zaka 2-3.

Njira zina

Mbewu imatha kumera munjira izi:

• 2/3 ndikuwaponya m'madzi;
• 2/3 kukumba m'nthaka ndikuithirira bwino;
• ikani ubweya wonyowa wa thonje kapena nsanza, dikirani mpaka chipolopolocho chitapereka osweka, kenako ndikuchiyika pansi.

Avocados akukula mwachangu kwambiri. Muzu wa chomeracho ndi wamphamvu ndipo umatenga malo ambiri mumphika. Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu nthawi zambiri, makamaka zaka 2 zoyambirira, pogwiritsa ntchito poto wawukulu nthawi iliyonse.

Ndikosavuta kufalitsa mbewu, muzu sungawonongeke. Chifukwa chake, amasunthidwa mosamala kuchokera mumphika wina kupita ku wina. Ndi kuwaza pamwamba pamtunda wowonjezera wa lapansi ndi humus.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula kwa avocados

Mavuto omwe masamba akusonyeza:

• Masamba agwa. Mwachidziwikire, panali Hypothermia ya mbewu. Onani kutentha kwa mpweya ndipo musathirire mtengowo ndi madzi ozizira.
• Malangizo a masamba adzauma. Izi ndizotentha, muyenera kumeretsa chomera nthawi zambiri.
• Masamba adayamba kutumbululuka. Palibe dzuwa lokwanira kapena dothi silikhala ndi umuna wabwino ndipo mavitamini amafunikira.

Matenda

Nthawi zina kuphimba kwamchere kumawoneka pamasamba a avocado. Zimatanthawuza kuti bowa walowa, ndipo masamba ake amaphimbidwa ndi mame obisika. Amathandizidwa ndi fungicides (Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa chloride).

Tizilombo

Kuchokera pamlingo, mmera umathandizidwa ndi tizilombo. Mutha kuwonjezeranso pansi kapena kupopera masamba.

Pakakhala kangaude, kukonza sikungokhala kokha pa avocado, komanso chilichonse chomwe chili pafupi nacho. Gwiritsani ntchitozi pazolinga izi pamafunika ma acaricides.

Mtengo wachikulire

Mavuto ena

Vuto lofala la mbewu iyi ndi vuto lakumapeto, kapena, bowa lomwe limakhudza mizu. Kuphatikiza pa kufa kwa mizu, thunthu la mbewu limakhudzidwanso. Izi zitachitika, ndiye, mwatsoka, sizingabwezeretsedwe.

Mwinanso chidziwitso choti kuyembekezera zipatso kuchokera ku avocado kunyumba sichinakhumudwitse munthu. Koma samalani ndi mitengo yokongola iti yomwe imera pambewu. Adzakongoletsa chipinda chilichonse ndikulemeretsa mpweya ndi ozoni.