Kupweteka kochedwa ndi chimodzi mwa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti mbewu zisawonongeke. Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa amakumana ndi matendawa pamene akukula mbatata ndi tomato. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe matendawa ali, momwe angamenyane nawo ndi kusunga zokolola.
Kufotokozera
Fungal matenda mochedwa choipitsa amatchedwanso mbatata zowola kapena bulauni zowola.. Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amakula mofulumira ndipo kanthawi kochepa akhoza kufalikira ku mbewu yonse. 
Kupititsa patsogolo kwa vutoli. Choyamba, ndi mbatata yomwe imadwala, ndipo patatha masiku 10-15, bowa limapanganso tomato. Zimadziwika ngati mawanga pa pamwambaground mbali ya zomera, zipatso ndi tubers.
Werengani zambiri za zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ta tomato, mbatata, momwe tingapewere ndi kulimbana ndi mochedwa choipitsa cha mbatata, komanso kuti ndi mitundu yanji ya phwetekere yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi mochedwa.
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa: mvula yamvula imakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu usana ndi usiku kutentha ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochita masewerawa.
Kutsimikiza ndi zizindikiro
Matendawa amatha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso nyengo.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za kukhalapo kwa phytophtora zimatengedwa kukhala zotsatirazi:
- Pa masamba a zomera, mawanga a bulauni kapena mtundu wofiirira ndi woyera edging amapangidwa.
- Chophimba pansi pamunsi chimadzazidwa ndi kangaude patina.
- Kuphulika, kupukuta, kuyanika ndi kufa kwa masamba.
- Zimayambira ndi mapeyala omwe amakhala ndi mabala a bulauni omwe amamera pawuni ndipo amayenda pamwamba pazitsamba.
- Kutembenuza zimayambira.
- Mdima ndiyeno kukhetsa maluwa ndi losunga mazira.
- Pa zipatso za tomato zikuwonekera mu mawonekedwe a mawanga, zomwe kenako zimapangitsa kuti azichepetsa ndi kuvunda kwa tomato.
- Tubers wa mbatata amaphimbidwa ndi wandiweyani mawanga.
Tomato amakhudzidwa ndi photofluorosisNdikofunikira! Nthawi yosakanikirana yopuma yosiyana kwambiri imakhala yosiyana ndi masiku 7 mpaka 10.
Kodi zimafalitsidwa bwanji ndikuchuluka?
Kukula kwa phytophtoras kumalimbikitsidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo, choyamba - izi ndizovuta nyengo, zomwe zimasintha mozizira ndi kutentha kwambiri..
Mphamvu yamkuntho, mame ndi mvula yambiri imayambitsa chomera. 
Zizindikiro za phytophthora mu mbatata Zovuta kubzala kapena dothi la kachilombo ka HIV ndizo zimayambitsa matendawa.
Chifukwa china chomwe chimachitika ndi phytophthora ndizovuta kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono, makamaka, zakuda zomera ndi kukhalapo kwa namsongole pa webusaitiyi.
Ndikofunikira! Posankha chodzala zakuthupi, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yosagwirizana ndi vuto lochedwa.
Mmene mungamenyere
Kugonjetsa matendawa ndi kovuta kwambiri. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa nthawi yake ndi kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ngati mutayamba matenda, mbewu siingakhoze kupulumutsidwa.
Ndizotheka kuchiza ndi kuteteza fungasi m'njira zingapo, zomwe ndendende - tiyeni tione.
Kukonzekera
Mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kuyang'anira kuchepa kwa mochedwa; zokonzekerazi zili ndi mkuwa, zomwe zimakhala zogwirizana ndi bowa:
- mkuwa sulphate. Patapita masiku 20 kumera, zomera zimatengedwa ndi 0.02% yothetsera mankhwala. Ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa nthawi ya maluwa;
- Bordeaux madzi. Mbatata ndi tomato amachiritsidwa ndi 1% yankho la mankhwalawa masiku 20 mutatha kuphuka, kenako pamaluwa;
- "Ridomil Gold". Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zomera kuchokera ku phytophthora pamaso pa maluwa pa mlingo wa 25 g wa mankhwala pa 100 lalikulu mamita. m;
- "Zoipa". Asanayambe kuoneka koyamba, amachiza 6 ml pa 100 sq. M. m;
- "Bravo". Ndi fungicide yamphamvu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene pali pangozi ya mliri woopsa kwambiri. Zikatero, kubzala kwa mlingo wa 20 ml wa mankhwala pa 100 mita mamita. m
Ndikofunikira! Kukonzekera kwa tomato ndi fungicides, kupatula kuti n'kofunika kusunga zokolola, zikuchitika pasanathe masiku 21 isanafike chipatso chikapsa.
Njira za anthu
Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amanena kuti pali njira zambiri zotetezera matendawa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zonse za nyengo yokula ndikukuthandizani kuti muzisunga zomera ndi mbewu. Tiyeni tiwone bwino kwambiri:
- Mkaka ndi ayodini. Mu malita 10 a mkaka, muyenera kuwonjezera madontho 30-40 a ayodini ndi kutsanulira zomera ndi osakaniza. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito seramu imeneyi.
- Garlic kulowetsedwa. Kuti mupange, muyenera kupukuta 10-15 cloves wa adyo ndikuwonjezera 10 malita a madzi kwa iwo. Adyowa-adyo osakaniza amasiyidwa kuti apereke kwa maola 10-12, kenaka fyuluta ndi kupopera zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi choipitsa.
- Katemera wa adyo ndi potaziyamu permanganate. 1.5 Art. chodulidwa adyo ndi wosakaniza 1.5 g wa potaziyamu permanganate ndi kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi. Kenaka piritsani pamwamba pa chomeracho.
- Njira yothetsera ayodini ndi potaziyamu kloride. 30 g wa potaziyamu kloride ndi madontho 40 a ayodini ayenera kusungunuka mu 10 l madzi. The chifukwa kusakaniza ntchito ulimi wothirira pa mlingo wa 0,5 malita pa phwetekere chitsamba kapena mbatata.
Ŵerenganiponso za mankhwala othandizira a phytophtora pa tomato.
Chithandizo cha dothi
Pofuna kuti kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepa, dothi liyenera kukonzedwa bwino musanadzale tomato ndi mbatata.
Kuti tichite izi, kumapeto kwa nyengo ndikofunikira kuchotsa kukula kwa achinyamata ndi chaka chatha ndikumasula nthaka bwino. 
Pambuyo pake, nthaka iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ikhoza kuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ochiritsira.
Kukonzekera kulikonse kwa mkuwa ndi koyenera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kuchita 2-3 masabata asanayambe kubzala. Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa amagwiritsanso ntchito nkhuni phulusa ndi ofooka njira ya potaziyamu permanganate paichi.
Kuchiza ndi Kuteteza
Mwamwayi, chitetezo cha 100% cha phytophthora sichikupezeka, koma kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zothandizira musanayambe kubzala mbewu komanso kuchepetsa zomera kumachepetsa kuchepa kwake.
Kupewa matendawa pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonse ya nyengo yokula, popeza zinthu zamphamvu zimatha kudutsa chipatsocho ndipo zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yoopsa ku thanzi.
Mukudziwa? Chimodzi mwa zifukwa za njala ku Ireland mu 1845 mpaka 1849, pamene anthu oposa theka la chiwerengero cha chilumbachi anafa, akuonedwa kuti ndi vuto lochedwa, lomwe linawononga pafupifupi mbewu zonse za mbatata, ndipo panthawi imeneyo chinali chakudya chodalirika cha anthu a ku Ireland.
Ponena za biopreparations, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamtunda uliwonse wa chitukuko cha zomera, popanda mantha kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zovuta pa chipatso ndi chilengedwe.
Pa tomato
Pofuna kupewa zochitika za phytophthora pa tomato, izi ziyenera kutengedwa:
- Sankhani kubzala yekha apamwamba, zakuthupi.
- Sakanizani mbeu musanafese mankhwala okwanira 1% a potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 20-30.
- Chomera tomato kutali ndi mbatata.
- Onetsetsani kuti mtunda wa pakati pa tchire, wokhuthala mmerawu umathandizira kuti kutuluka ndi kukula kwa matendawa.
- Ikani phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza nthawi zonse.
- Musapitirize kudzaza nthaka ndi nayitrogeni.
- Pangani madzi okwanira omwe angathandize kuti madzi asatuluke.
- Anabzala m'malo amdima.
- Tsatirani ndemanga za akatswiri okhudza kusintha kwa mbewu.
- Sungani nthaka.
- Chomera zomera zimadula.
Video: kupewa kuchepa kwa tomato
Mbande asanadzalemo poyera nthaka ayenera sprayed ndi mkuwa sulfate kapena Bordeaux osakaniza. Pambuyo masiku 14, tchire timatsitsidwanso pa bedi la munda.
Werengani zambiri zokhudza tomato zomwe zimapatsa tomato zipatso zopambana.
Njira iliyonse yokonzekera mankhwala a tomato imaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito osachepera 3 masabata asanayambe kucha zipatso.
Choncho, odziwa masamba alimi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira m'malo mochiza fungicides pofuna kuchiza mochedwa choipitsa cha tomato.
Pa mbatata
Pofuna kupewa phytophthora pa mbatata, munthu ayenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- Ndibwino kuti mutenge tizilombo tomwe timabzala, ngati tikuyesera kukhalapo kwa bowa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuima m'chipinda chofunda ndi kutentha kwa 15-18 ° C kwa masiku 10-15 musanadzalemo. Ngati mbatata ili ndi kachilomboka, mabala oonekera adzawonekera.
- Musayambe kulimbikitsa mbewu zowonongeka m'deralo.
- Pewani kukwera kwamtunda.
- Perekani zokonda mitundu zosagwirizana ndi phytophthora.
- Kuchita zowononga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides kapena kukonzekera kwachilengedwe pakatha masabata awiri kuchokera pachiyambi cha nyengo yokula.
- Tsatirani malamulo a zaulimi, zomwe zimamasula nthaka ndi udzu wa namsongole.
- Ikani phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza nthawi zonse.
Video: momwe mungatetezere mbatata kuchokera ku zoipa zochedwa
Chimodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha m'munda ndi kuchotsa udzu. Phunzirani zambiri za namsongole wamba, komanso momwe mungagwirire ndi mankhwala ochizira, zipangizo zamakono ndi herbicides.
Fungus ili ndi la matenda osachiritsika, choncho zochitika zonse za wolima munda ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pofuna kuteteza chitukuko ndi kufalikira kwa phytophthora. Kuti muchite izi, yesetsani kupanga fungicides molingana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.
M'mayiko ena
Bvuto lochedwa limakhudza osati mbatata ndi tomato zokha, komanso zina zowonongeka. Kawirikawiri, imakhala ndi tsabola ndi biringanya. Pofuna kulandira zikhalidwe zimenezi, fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga tomato, amathiridwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
Mukamadyetsa masamba otentha, nkhaka ikhoza kudwala matendawa, choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muyambe kuchepetsa chinyezi mu chipinda ndikupewa chitukuko cha matendawa. Kusamalira nkhaka ndi njira zowonongeka zokhazokha zolimbana ndi vuto lochedwa. 
Sungani pa nkhaka
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amanena kuti tomato ndi mbatata zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa sizingadye, komabe palibe kufufuza komwe kwachitika pa nkhani ya kudya zipatso zoterozo. Pali zitsanzo zokha zomwe izi siziyenera kuchitika, ngakhale chifukwa cha zokondweretsa, chifukwa madontho omwe amathira masambawa samawoneka okondweretsa konse. Koma kuti adye kapena asadye, aliyense amasankha yekha.
Matenda otha msinkhu ndi matenda omwe amafala kwambiri a fungal. Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi kuyesera kuti izi zisamayende m'munda wanu, ndipo izi muyenera kutsatira malamulo a agrotechnology, omwe akuwonetsedwa kwa nightshade.
Mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
