Kodi mukukula bwanji tomato mu Mitsinje mu wowonjezera kutentha? Malangizo ndi zinthu

Tomato ndi m'malo kutentha okonda zomera, bwino wamkulu lotseguka pansi kum'mwera zigawo. N'zotheka kupeza mbewu zamtengo wapatali komanso zamtengo wapatali m'mitsinje, ndizokwanira kupanga malo abwino otentha. Chikhalidwe chakumaloko chimakupatsani inu kuyamba kokolola mu July.

M'nkhani yomwe tikukambiranayi tidzakambirana za momwe mungasankhire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato, poganizira za nyengo zomwe zili m'dera lino.

Mudzaphunzira momwe mungakonzekerere wowonjezera kutentha, chomera tomato mmenemo ndikukonzekera zinthu zabwino. Tidzakudziwitsani zambiri zomwe zimakulolani kuti mukolole bwino.

Kodi n'zotheka kukula tomato: zowonjezera ndi zovuta, zovuta, zovuta

Kukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, malinga ndi malamulo ena - njirayi ndi yophweka komanso yopindulitsa, ndipo ili ndi ubwino wambiri. Phindu pa kulima kuthengo:

• Chomera chingayambe mu April, chomwe chimapereka zokolola kale.
• Kutentha kumateteza tomato ku nyengo yoipa.
• Palibe chifukwa chothirira madzi nthawi zambiri.
• Mavuto otentha amapereka tomato ndi thanzi labwino komanso zokolola zambiri.
• Matenda otentha otentha, poyerekeza ndi madzi apansi, amasungidwa nthawi yayitali.

Inde, pali zochepa zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimapezeka mu tomato wowonjezera kutentha - zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi tomato zomwe zatseguka pansi, komanso, chifukwa chofunika kuonjezera kutentha, ndalamazo zimawonjezeka.

Ndi mitundu iti yosankha?

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri mu Mitsinje ndi:

"Mtima wa Bull"

"Mtima wa Bull" umatanthauzira mitundu ya tomato ya pakati. Mmerawu uli ndi phesi lamphamvu ndipo umatha kufika mamita awiri; Ndikofunikira kupanga chitsamba mu 1-2 zimayambira.

Ndibwino, chitsamba chilichonse chimatha kupereka makilogalamu 10 a mbewu. Zipatso zimafika kulemera kwa 500 g.

"Nsomba Yamtengo Wapatali"

"Goldfish" amatanthauza mtundu wautali wautali kwambiri. Mtsinje ndi wamtali kwambiri, kuchokera mamita 2 ndikukwera; mapangidwe ndi ofunikira. Zipatso zimafika pamtunda wa 100 g.

Mitundu yowonjezereka ya "Kudzaza Kwakuyera", "Gribovsky," "Kiev", "La-la-fa F1", "Siberian early", "Peremoga", "Rosemary F1" ndi ena ena.

Zokonzekera

Kukula tomato wowonjezera kutentha kumafuna kukonzekera bwino ndi kusamalira panthawi iliyonse ya kulima.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji malo?

Musanayambe kuika mbande wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala wokonzeka: chipinda chiyenera kusambitsidwa, kusungidwa bwino komanso kupuma bwino. Ndiye mabedi amakhala okonzeka - mabowo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa kuti apange mbande. Chitsime chirichonse chimatsanuliridwa mochuluka ndi madzi.

Nthaka

Chomera kwambiri tomato ndi chisakanizo cha sod land, humus ndi peat; Ndibwino kuti mukusakaniza masamba a udzu ndi utuchi mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 2. Chidebe chilichonse cha nthaka chosakaniza kuti chakudya chowonjezera chikhale ndi phulusa (0.5 l) ndi superphosphate (maboxbox 3) ndi osakaniza bwino.

Kukula mbande

Mbewu imayikidwa mu njira ya 5% ya mchere wa tebulo; pamene mbewu zamphamvu ndi zazikulu zakhazikika pansi, zimachotsedwa ndikuwuma pang'ono.

Mbeu zokonzedwa bwino, pofuna kupewa matenda ena, zimathetsedwa ndi kutaya mphindi 10 pothetsa potassium permanganate (1 g / 100 ml ya madzi), kenaka amatsukidwa bwino kenako amauma pang'ono.

Posakhalitsa musanayambe kufesa, zimalangizidwa kuti zilowerere m'madzi otentha kwa masiku awiri, kenaka masiku ena atatu kuti muzisunga mafiriji kutentha kwa -3 ° C. Njirayi idzawonjezera chitetezo cha zomera kumadera otentha a Mitsinje. Mbewu yowumitsidwa ndi njirayi yabzalidwa mabokosi ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6.

Pambuyo pofesa, mbewu zimathiriridwa ndi madzi otentha ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi. Imwani nyembazo ziyenera kukhala tsiku lililonse isanayambe mphukira (nthawi zambiri mpaka masiku 4-5). Mu sabata, mabokosi okhala ndi mbande ayenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa masana a 12-15 ° C ndipo usiku uliwonse kutentha kwa 6-8 ° C, ndiye kutentha kukukwera kufika 18-20 ° C ndi 10-12 ° C, motero.

Kusankha

Zosankha ziyenera kuchitika pambuyo pake tsamba lachiwiri likuwonekera pa chomera.

1. Zomera zimayikidwa mu makapu ndi nthaka, koma chifukwa cha nyengo ya mitsinje ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya peat; Izi zidzathandizira kukolola zipatso mpaka masabata awiri. Miphika iyenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yofanana yomwe imabzala mbewu, kuchoka masentimita asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi limodzi.
2. Pambuyo masiku khumi, muyenera kuwonjezera dziko lapansi, patapita masiku khumi kuti mudzaze miphika kwathunthu.
3. Mukasankha, mbande ziwiri zimabzalidwa mu mphika uliwonse; pambuyo pa masiku 15-20, ofooka kwambiri amachotsedwa podula pampangidwe wa mizu.

Ndikofunikira! Mbeu zazing'ono zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi fetereza ya phosphate - mbeu 5-7 za superphosphate ndi 2-3 mbeu za nitrophoska zimayikidwa pamphika; nthaka imathiridwa kuchokera kumwamba ndipo zomera zimathirizidwa.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Phunziro la phwetekere silifuna nthawi zambiri komanso madzi okwanira - ayenera kuthiridwa nthaka yokha. Madzi ayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndipo akhale ndi kutentha kwa 25-30 ° C. Ndikofunika kudyetsa mbande kwa nthawi yoyamba mu masabata 1.5-2 mutatha kusankha, ndiye pokhapokha pakufunika.

Mukhoza kupanga fetereza feteleza "Azofoska" kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa: 1 chikho cha phulusa pa 10 malita a madzi, kuthirira mbewu pansi pazu.

Ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko: nthawi ndi momwe mungayambitsire?

Nthawi yokwanira yopatsira zomera ku wowonjezera kutentha ndi 1.5 miyezi itatha. Tchire chapamwamba kwambiri cha tomato kawirikawiri timabzala pang'ono kuposa ena, titachotsa masamba otsika. Musanadzalemo tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, ayenera kuthiriridwa bwino.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiike choyikapo pamtunda musanadzale, kuti musayambe kuwononga mizu. Ikani mabowo ang'onoang'ono (10-15 masentimita awiri) pamtunda wochepa wa humus kapena phulusa la nkhuni (ochepa) ndi supuni ya supuni ya superphosphate, ndiye chitsime chilichonse chimadzazidwa ndi 2 malita a potassium permanganate.

Tomato amaikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha pamodzi ndi nsalu yotchedwa earthy clod. Gowo ladzaza ndi madzi, ndipo chitsamba chimayikidwa mu dothi lomwe limachokera. Mbande zochuluka zalimidwa pansi pa chilakolako ndikuwaza mbali ya tsinde ndi dziko lapansi.

Nthaka kuzungulira malo obzalidwa ayenera kukhala pang'ono ophatikizidwa ndi mopepuka owazidwa ndi nthaka. Pofuna kupewa phytophthora, zomera zimapangidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (100 g / 10 l madzi) kapena mkuwa chloroxide (40 g / 10 l madzi).

Patapita sabata, muyenera kumasula nthaka pang'ono, kuonetsetsa kuti mizu ya oksijeni imayambira.

Miyeso yayikulu

Miyeso yayikulu ya kulima ili bwino mu nyengo yonse yokula:

1. Kuthirira mbewu nthawi yoyamba ayenera kukhala masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi (5-6) mutatha kuziika mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi madzi otentha (20 ° C). Ndikoyenera kuti madzi pazu, m'mawa, masiku 4-5; pa nthawi ya maluwa, akhoza kuthiriridwa mochuluka.
2. Dyetsani tomato ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 3-4 nthawi ya chilimwe:
   • nthawi yoyamba mu masabata 1.5-2, pambuyo pa masiku khumi;
   • lachiwiri (1 tsp potassium sulphate ndi 1 tbsp) fetereza imadonthozedwa m'madzi, kumwa 5 l / m²);
   • chakudya chachitatu chimachitika pafupifupi masabata awiri pambuyo pachiwiri - tchire timathiriridwa ndi njira yothetsera phulusa ndi superphosphate (supuni 2 ndi 1 tsp pa madzi 10 malita, madzi okwanira 7 malita / m²);
   • Kuvala kwachinayi kumachitika pamene tomato amayamba kubereka zipatso - 1 tsp. sodium humate ndi 2 tbsp a superphosphate pa 10 malita a madzi, mowa wa 5 l / m².
3. Ndikofunika kuyendetsa maola awiri mutatha kuthirira. Mu kutentha kwa chitseko ndi mawindo ayenera kukhala otseguka nthawi zonse.
4. Kukonzekera koyenera kumachitidwa payekha. Patsiku la dzuwa, muyenera kudutsa mitsinje ndikugwedeza pang'ono tchire ndi maluwa, kenaka moisten nthaka ndi kuthira pang'ono maluwa.

Zofunikira

Kuti apange khalidwe lokolola ndi olemera, Ndikofunika kusunga zinthu zina mu wowonjezera kutentha - kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira.

Chinyezi

Chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha chiyenera kusungidwa mu 45-65%. Koma pamadzi okwanira pakuika zipatso, kuyimba sikungakhale kokwanira; Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti mumwanike tomato kudzera m'mabotolo a pulasitiki. Amadula pansi ndikuyika khosi pansi pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse.

Kutentha

Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwa mpweya wa wowonjezera kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira + 25 ° C, nthaka - + 10 ° C.

Kusunga kutentha kwakukulu kuli njira zingapo.

Kuchepetsa kutentha:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yotetezera yoteteza.
• Kupopera kunja kwa makoma a wowonjezera kutentha ndi yankho la choko ndi madzi (1: 5).
• Kuthirira mbewu m'mawa kwambiri.
• Pakati pa kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kuphimba ndi nsalu, bango la bango.
• Kuyika magetsi amphamvu.

Kuwonjezera:

• Kutsegula kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi filimu yowonjezereka, kutuluka mpweya pamwamba pa makoma.
• Khomo yowonjezera mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha - matabwa kapena zitsulo zopangidwa ndi filimu.
• Kuthamanga kwa nthaka.

Njira zoterezi zimakulolani kuti musinthe kutentha mkati + - madigiri 4-5.

Masking

Patangotha ​​sabata umodzi pakadutsa, tchire timachotsedwa; Bwerezani ndondomekoyi masiku khumi ndi awiri. Mukamapanga mapesi awiri, mwana woyamba wachinyamata amasiyidwa pansi pazitsamba zoyamba. Ndi zimayambira zitatu kuwonjezera pa "maluwa" omwe amachokera, chotsani china, champhamvu kwambiri.

Kuunikira

Perekani kuwala kwachilengedwe mwa kubzala mizere kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. Koma ngati kuunika kwachilengedwe sikukwanira, muyenera kuyang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala.

Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha zomera, kuunikira kumalimbikitsidwa kusungidwa kwa maola 20, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kwa 12.

Ndikofunikira! Kuwala kwa maola makumi awiri ndi anayi kumakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri, kungathe kuwononga zomera.

Pereka

Kukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kungapereke mbewu zabwino, ngakhale nyengo yovuta ya Urals - mpaka 15 kg / m². Koma popeza kuti zofunikira ndi kukonza nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunikira kuti tomato wowonjezera akhale wowonjezera, mtengo wa mbeu ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri. Kuchepetsa ndalama kungapangidwe mwa kuonjezera malo a wowonjezera kutentha; ndalama zidzakhalabe zofanana, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zokolola kudzakhala kotsika.

Tomato ndi mbewu yotchuka kwambiri m'madera onse, ndipo n'zotheka kukulitsa m'malo obiriwira pansi pa nyengo iliyonse. Ndikwanira kukonzekera bwino malowa ndi kusamalira bwino.