Biringanya - chikhalidwe chosadziwika kwambiri, si chophweka kwa novice wamaluwa. Chikondi chapadera ndi mbande zosiyana.
Kuti izi zikhale bwino ndipo pakapita nthawi zimapanga ovary, ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo a kuthirira, kudyetsa, ndi, ndithudi, zosankha.
Kuika panthawi yake kumathandiza kuti mbande zifulumire kukula, kuwonjezeka.
Lero, mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi mapiritsi: kukula mbande, kukweza mbande. Momwe kujambulira biringanya mbande? Kodi n'zotheka kukaika ma eggplants pakusankha?
Kusakaniza mmera mmera: kodi ukusowa?
Kawirikawiri, kubzala eggplants kumayamba ndi kubzala mbewu muzitsulo zodzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi la zakudya. Zomera zitabuka masamba enieni, zimasamutsidwa mosamalitsa. Werengani zambiri za kukonzekera mbewu musanafese.
Gawo lotsatira liri kuika ku wowonjezera kutentha kapena munda wa bedi. Ndondomekoyi ndi yabwino kwa mitundu yambiri, yayesedwa nthawi zambiri ndipo amapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Pakati pa otsutsana ndi zisankho:
- kuika amafooketsa zomera, mbande zambiri sizingatheke pambuyo pake ndikufa;
- Pali mitundu yomwe silingalekerere kusankha;
- ndondomeko zimayambitsa zovuta zina, kukulitsa kukula kwa mbande.
Ochirikiza njira yachikale akugogomezera zimenezo Pali ubwino wambiri wosankha:
- imasiya kukula kwa mbande kuwalola iwo kuti azipeza zakudya kwa chitukuko cha mazira;
- pamene kufesa mu zitsamba ndikutsatira kusamba Mitengo yofooka ikhoza kukanidwa, kupulumutsa malo okhala mbande zamphamvu;
- kukoka ali wamng'ono kuumitsa zomerapowonjezera chitetezo chawo;
- kusuntha kukulolani kuti mudziwe momwe mizu imakhalira ndipo chitanipo kanthu mwamsanga ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kuti njirayi ikhale yopindulitsa, nkofunika kuigwira mosamala, kuyesera kuti asavulaze mizu yovuta. Onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amathandiza chitetezo cha mbande komanso mwamsanga kuchiritsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Miyezi
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Nthawi yoti muwombe biringanya mbande? Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kupaka mbewu pamene iwo samasamba mapepala awa oyambirira. Pa nthawiyi, mbande ndizolimba komanso zothandiza, zimapulumuka pakuika popanda mavuto.
Komanso, panthawi ino zikuwonekeratu kuti ma eggplants akukula mofulumira, ndi omwe angasankhidwe mwa kukana ziphuphu zochepa. Njirayi ndi yofunika kuti pakhale zitsamba zosungiramo zobiriwira m'mabotolo aang'ono omwe alibe malo ochepa.
Akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa opaleshoni kale., mutangotha kutuluka masamba a cotyledon. Panthawiyi, mizu ya mbande ndi yaifupi kwambiri, imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
Mbalame yaing'ono imatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi, womwe umawathandiza kuti asinthe mofulumira kumalo atsopano.
Ndi kuchotsa nyemba imodzi, oyandikana nawo sali kuonongeka.. Kulandirira ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi mitundu yofunika kwambiri.
Kusankha msanga sikusokoneza zomera, koma eggplants yaying'ono sitingathe kupirira mmakina. Mphuno imatha kuphwanyidwa, pambuyo pake mbande sizingagawidwe popanda kuvulala. Mizu yambiri imatha kusiya, kenako zomera zimafa.
Kusankha malamulo
Momwe kujambulira biringanya mbande? Kwa achinyamata mbande Kukonzekera chomera chamchere choyambirira kuchokera chisakanizo cha munda nthaka ndi humus. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowunikira, yowonjezera, yopanda ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito nthaka yomweyi yomwe idadzaza zamasamba.
Kwa eggplants achinyamata Miphika yaying'ono yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena pepala lakudaN'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowulungira. Miphika yaikulu kwambiri sitingathe kuitenga, nthaka mwa iwo imathamanga msanga, mbande ingadwale.
Makapu a peat sagwirizana, zofooka, mizu yochepa ya eggplants silingathe kudutsa muzitali zowonjezera za peat ndi makhadi okakamizika. Kuonjezera apo, kuchuluka kwa peat kumathandiza kuonjezera asidi a nthaka, mazira omwe sakonda.
Musanayambe makapu mu chidebe amafunikira kuthirira bwino. Kenaka mmera uliwonse umatetezedwa bwino ndi msomali kapena wapadera kwambiri spatula.
Ngati msana wautali ndi wautali kwambiri, mukhoza kuwusamalitsa mosamala. Ndibwino kuti tiganizire kuti njira yotereyi inachepetsa kukula kwa mbande, choncho Kuwombera kumawonetsa mbande zokwezeka, zamphamvu, zowonjezeka bwino.
Mu mphika wodzala ndi dothi, dzenje limapangidwira kumene mbewuyi imayikidwa. Nkofunika kuti dzenje likhale lakuya mokwanira, mizu sayenera kugwa.
Powathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli, mutha kuthirira madziwo ndi madzi ofunda paphesi. Kuzama kumakhala kosavuta, kufikira masamba a cotyledon. Denje ladzaza ndi nthaka, pamwamba pa nthaka yaphwanyika pang'ono ndi zala.
Gawo lotsiriza - kuthira madzi. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda, makamaka kuphika. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito madzi olekanitsa kapena amvula, komanso yankho la epin. Mankhwala apadera amachititsa chitetezo cha mbande, kuwalola kuti azilolera kumalo atsopano.
Nthaka imapulitsidwa kwambiri kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi, mungagwiritse ntchito kuthirira manda abwino. Pambuyo kuthirira nthaka owazidwa woonda wosanjikiza wa peat. Mbewu zadothi zimayikidwa pa khola ndipo zimayikidwa pamalo otentha, okongola bwino. M'masiku oyambirira ayenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi dzuwa.
Pambuyo masiku khumi, mbande yosakanizidwa ikhoza kudyetsedwa ndi madzi amadzimadzi a zowonjezera mchere (feteleza wa ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu sulphate, superphosphate).
Kuwombera pansi: zovuta pang'ono
Pamene mbande imapeza masamba 6-7 enieni, ndi nthawi yoti musamuke pamalo osatha. Mbalame yaing'ono imatha kusamutsidwa kupita ku nyumba yotentha yomwe ili mkatikati mwa mwezi wa May; imabzala pansi pansi pa filimuyo mpaka m'ma June.. Zambiri zimadalira nyengo.
Nthaka iyenera kutenthetsa bwino, mazira omwe sangalekerere ngakhale pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kutentha.
Kutentha kwabwino kwa nthaka - kuchokera madigiri 15, mpweya masana ayenera kutentha kufika madigiri 18-20. Mankhwalawa amatha kuziika kuti azitentha nthawi zonse.
Musanayambe mbande ndikofunika kukonzekera pansi. Amasulidwa mosamala, zotsalira za zomera ndi zina extraneous inclusions zimasankhidwa m'nthaka. Gawo lapadera la humus wakale limayambitsidwa. Ngati dothi lakhala losavuta kwambiri, mukhoza kulichotsa ndi ufa wa dolomite.
Kuchepetsa nthaka loamy kumathandiza kutsuka mchenga kapena mtsinje. Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mkuwa wa sulphate.
Pamwamba pa dothi lakhazikika, anaika mabowo pafupifupi 12-15 cm zakuya. Mtunda pakati pa zomera zisakhale zosachepera 45 masentimita. Kukula kwakukulu ndi kufalitsa tchire, phokosoli likhoza kuwonjezeka.
Pofuna kusamalidwa bwino, timadontho ta mizere 60-70 masentimita timatsalira. Mitengo yambiri (makamaka birch) imayikidwa pamtundu uliwonse. Tsiku loyamba kubzala, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka..
Ndibwino kuti muzitha kuzizira m'mawere m'mawa.. Zomera zimachotsedwera pamakina omwe ali pamodzi ndi clod ya padziko lapansi.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Kugwedeza nthaka kuchokera ku mizu sikofunika, simungakhoze kukoka mbande pamwamba pa mapesi. Phika ayenera kutembenuzidwa mosamala, kuchotsa chomera mosalekeza.
Magalasi opangidwa ndi makatoni kapena mapulasitiki sangapangidwe, izo zimapangitsa mphoto.
Mbeuyi ili ndi dzenje. Kulimbana kwakukulu Mabakiteriya, amafunika kudzaza pansi pamwamba pa miphika. Nthaka yozungulira mbande ndi yochepa. Zomera zimathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda kuchokera kumadzi-selo ang'onoang'ono.
Thirani madzi pa zimayambira sangatheZimalimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsuka mozungulira nthaka. Pambuyo kuthirira nthaka ili ndi peat. Kuwongolera koteroko kumasunga msinkhu wa chinyezi pa msinkhu wabwino, udzu sudzachuluka.
M'masiku oyambirira a chomera ayenera kukhala pritenyat ku dzuwa lotentha. Anabzala pansi pa filimu ya pulasitiki, yomangirizidwa pa arcs.
Mbalame yaing'ono ingathe kuthiriridwa patatha mlungu umodzi mutatha kuika; chakudya choyamba chidzafunika pasanafike masabata awiri kenako.
Mbewu zoyendetsedwa bwino ndi kuziika bwino nthawi ndizitsimikizidwe za kukula kwa eggplant ndikupeza zokolola zambiri. Ndikofunika kusamalitsa mosamala zamasamba, kuti tsiku loyamba, lovuta kwambiri likhalepo popanda mavuto, osafulumira kukula kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kotero, ife tawona momwe mbande za biringanya zimasankhidwa kunyumba? Anayang'ana malamulo oyambirira komanso ena amapanga mbande yopangira mbewu.
Zida zothandiza
Werengani nkhani zina zokhuza kukula ndi kusamalira mbande za biringanya:
- Njira zosiyanasiyana zolima: mu mapiritsi a peat, mu nkhono komanso pamapepala a chimbudzi.
- Zonse zomwe zimafesedwa mogwirizana ndi kalendala ya mwezi.
- Malamulo a golide akukula kuchokera ku mbewu.
- Makhalidwe a kulima m'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia: ku Urals, ku Siberia ndi ku Moscow.
