Kupeza mbewu zamtengo wapatali m'madera osadalirika ndi ntchito yosatheka.
Choncho, ambiri amalima ndiwowasankha okha kusankha njira kukula nkhaka mu greenhouses.
Komabe, ngakhale ndi njira iyi, ndizofunikira kuphunzira malamulo oyambirira ndikuphunzira zinsinsi zopezera chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipatso m'nyengo yachilimwe.
Kusankha kalasi yoyenera
Ngakhale atakhala ndi malo abwino otentha, olima masamba sangathe kupeza zokolola zabwino zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse. Chinthu ndicho Osati mitundu yonse ya nkhaka ndi abwino kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Koma musanasankhe zina nkhaka mitundu kwa wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kusankha chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri kwa inu: kupeza zokolola zoyambirira, zokolola zambiri kuchokera pa mita imodzi yobzala kapena kudya zakudya zatsopano kufikira chisanu.
Pazifukwa izi, zina zofunika zimaperekedwa pa mbeu:
- mitundu yoyambirira ndi Zozulya, Masha F1, Hector. Mitundu iyi ndi yachangu. Zipatso zawo zoyamba zimayamba kupanga tsiku la makumi anayi pambuyo pa kumera;
- chipatso chambiri mitundu yodziwika Tumi, Kulimbika, Cupid. Ndichisamaliro choyenera, mitunduyi imapereka makilogalamu 30 -40 pa kubzala malo;
- kuti Pali nkhaka ku chisanuayenera kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha Marinda, Martha, Graceful, Bully;
- kalasi ya Athena F1 amapereka zokolola zazikulu ngakhale mumdima wochepa.
Chidziwikiratu cha kukula kwa nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndizokonzekera mu dziko lokhazikitsidwa kapena makonzedwe ozungulira mzere. Tiyenera kusankha mitundu yochepa ya nthambi, chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito khama kwambiri popanga tsamba la masamba ndipo amadziwika ndi mapangidwe apamwamba a zipatso. Kuwonjezera apo Mitundu yambiri ya nthambi ku nyumba yotentha yotsekemera idzatulutsa shadingzomwe zidzakhudza zokolola.
Chinthu chachiwiri chosankha zosiyanasiyana ndi kudziwonetsa nokha. Mu malo osungirako, kulumidwa kwa mungu ndi chithandizo cha tizilombo sikudzachitika, ndipo simudzadikira zokolola za nkhaka. N'zoona kuti mungathe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Koma kwa wamaluwa sizingatheke, chifukwa ndondomekoyi ndi nthawi yambiri komanso nthawi yambiri.
Odyetsa anabweretsa zambiri zodzipangitsa mungu wa nkhaka zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yonseyi imatchedwa parthenokarpiki, ndipo imayenera kulima mu greenhouses. Mazira a mavavawa amapangidwa popanda pollination, ndiko kuti, kupangidwa kwa zipatso, kupititsa patsogolo mungu sikofunikira.
N'zosatheka kusankha imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino ya nkhaka za wowonjezera kutentha. Mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo aliyense wolima masamba akhoza kusankha bwino kwambiri, akuyang'ana pa kukoma kwa masamba ndi maonekedwe ake. Hercules, Mlimi, Annushka - mitundu yonseyi ndi yoperewera, imadziwika ndi kukana matenda ambiri, zokolola zambiri, kulekerera mthunzi.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Nthanga zachitsamba zomwe zimakula m'mitengo yobiriwira sizoyenera kusonkhanitsa mbewu. Choncho, gula mbewu zatsopano chaka chilichonse.
Kusankha wowonjezera kutentha
Malo ogulitsira amitundu amasiyana ndi greenhouses, choyamba, ndi kutalika kwake, kotero kupanga kwawo kuyenera kuganiziridwa mwanjira imeneyo kupanga zomera bwino kuti azisamalira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulani, malo obiriwira a nkhaka akhoza kukhala amtundu umodzi kapena amphindi, kutalika - otsika ndi osinthana.
Kumtunda kwa wowonjezera kutentha kungakhale odnoskatnoy, gable, wosweka. Chosavuta kwambiri ndicho kapangidwe kamene kalipo luso lotsegula denga.
Pansi pa malo obiriwira amakhala ndi chitsulo kapena matabwa. Malo otentha omwe amawonekera popangidwa ndi waya wonyamulira, amaikidwa pamtunda wozama pansi.
Chovala chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi filimu ya polyethylene, yopangidwa ndi nsalu yopanda nsalu.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu posankha chivundikiro chotentha ndi kupyolera kowala. Nkhaka zophika zimafunika okwanira kuchuluka kwa kuwala.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nkhaniyo iyenera kukhala yandiweyani mokwanira kuteteza zomera zowononga kutentha kuchokera ku mphepo ndi ma drafts. Chofunika kwambiri pa masamba ndi chitetezo ichi kuyambira mmawa, mame ozizira.
Kodi kukula oyambirira nkhaka?
Kukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha si ntchito yovuta. Komabe muyenera kutsatira malamulo ophweka.
Kodi mungapange bwanji mabedi?
Chinsinsi cha oyambirira kukolola kwa nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndipadera kukonzekera mabedi. Ndi bwino kuyambitsa kulima kwake pamene chipale chofewa chikutsika pa tsamba.
Pakuti bwino kuyatsa zomera wowonjezera kutentha kukonzekera, kuika kumayendedwe kumadzulo. Poika nyengo yozizira patsiku la filimuyi imachotsedwa kumbali yakumpoto, ndipo nkhaka idzalandira dzuwa lonse.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Pa masiku otentha, pogona kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kuchotsedwa mosalekeza, kotero kuti nkhaka sizitenthedwa.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yolima nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha - chida cholowera "mabedi ofunda". Izi zidzalola kuti ndiwo zamasamba abzalidwe m'nthaka pa tsiku loyambirira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuyamba kukolola msanga.
Kuchokera pa mapangidwe a zidole za kufunika kutalika, chotsani pamwamba wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi pa bayonet mafosholo. Pansikatikati mwa 20-30 masentimita mu kukula amadzazidwa ndi udzu, udzu kapena nthambi zazing'ono. Kudzazidwa kumeneku kumayamba kutentha kwambiri mwezi umodzi, umene umapatsa kutentha kwa zomera. Poonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka ndi kuonjezera kutentha kwa kutentha, manyowa amaikidwa pazomwezi ndi masentimita 15-20.. Pamwamba pa kutenthetsa wosanjikiza owazidwa ndi laimu-fluff, kuchepetsa acidity.
Pa chophatikizidwa chotentha chophika choyenera malo omwe kale anafukula. Ali pamgedi amatsanulira nthaka yonse, kupanga bedi lalikulu. Poyamba kukula nkhaka, dziko lapansi lidzakhazikika ndi 20-30%, chifukwa gawo lapansi lidzasungunuka ndi kuchepa.
Motero anakonza bedi lakumwera kwa ndiwo zamasamba kukhala chowotcha komanso malo odyera kwa iwo. Mbewu za nkhaka pa bedi lofunda nthawi zambiri kuposa kulima kwachizolowezi.
Powonjezerapo chakudya cha phulusa pamtunda wa 50 gr. pa mita imodzi lalikulu, superphosphate 150 gr., potaziyamu sulphate - 50 gr.
Mmera kapena dothi?
Funso la kufesa nkhaka za mbande kunyumba, ndiye kuti mubzale mu wowonjezera kutentha alibe yankho lomveka bwino.
Mbewu iyi ili ndi mizu yofooka yomwe imayipitsa mofulumira kwa kuziika. Tsitsi loyamwitsa limene limadyetsa zomera silingabwererenso pakutha, ndipo nkhaka imayamba kuyamwa chinyezi pokhapokha atakula, Mbande imayamba mizu yoipa. Koma ngati mutasankha kukolola masabata angapo m'mbuyomu, mukhoza kuyesa.
Kufesa kumachitika mu makapu opanda pansi, kotero kuti panthawi yopatsa mbeu mukhoza kusindikizira chomera pamodzi ndi nsalu ya pansiyi muzakonzeka bwino. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito makapu a nyuzipepala, malo omwe simunamasule mizu ku nyuzipepala.
Ma nyuzipepala kapena makapu osapangidwira popanda malo okwanira bwino mu bokosi ndikudzaza ndi nthaka. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lapadera la dzungu. Chisakanizocho chapangidwa kuchokera magawo awiri a nthaka, gawo limodzi la peat ndi theka la mchenga.
Lembani mbewuzo musanayambe kufesa m'madzi kutentha kwa madigiri 45-50 ndi kuonjezera pang'ono potaziyamu permanganate (yankho liyenera kukhala sing'anga-pinki). Ndondomekoyi imathandizira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwathandiza kuti ayambe kumera bwino.
Kutentha mbewu kumabisidwa mu 2 masentimita makapu, bokosi ili ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika malo otentha. Pambuyo masiku asanu, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Yambani msangamsanga kanema mu bokosi, mukangoona mphukira yoyamba.
Yembekezani nthawi yomwe tsamba la cotyledon lidzafutukuka ndikuchepetse kutentha kwa mbeuyi mpaka 180 kotero kuti ziphuphu zisatambasule. Imwani nyembazo zikhale madzi obiriwira. Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe a masambawa, mpweya wa madzi panthawi yowonjezera madzi. Pa kulima, mbande zimadyetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu.
Njira yofunika yowonjezera mbande ndi yovuta.
Nkhaka Zamkatimu osakwiya, Musalole kusintha kosasintha kwa mikhalidwe kulima.
Kuti azizoloŵera nkhaka kuti apite kutsika kutentha boma. Mukhoza kutsegula makasitomala, kunyamula bokosi pa khonde. Mu Mausiku usiku kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 15-16.
Nthawi iti?
Maganizo a kubzala nkhaka mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi ofunika kwambiri kupeza nthawi yokolola. Ukala wa mbande chifukwa chodzala mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala masiku 20-25. Pa nthawi yobzala nthaka ayenera kutentha mpaka madigiri 16-18, zimachitika pafupi cha pakati pa May.
Pa nthawiyi, mukhoza kubzala nkhaka mwachindunji mu wowonjezera kutentha. Ngati bedi lofunda limakonzedwa, ndiye kuti mukhoza kufesa masamba masabata awiri kale. Pofesa zitsime zimakonzedwa ndikuyikidwa mwachangu mbewu 2-3. Kutalikirana pakati pa mizere pamene kukwera kuyenera kukhala kuyambira mamita imodzi kufika hafu, ndipo pamzere mzere zomera zimabzalidwa 20-30 masentimita pambali.
Pamene mukukula mbande mu makapu a nyuzipepala, muyenera kuchotsa pansi pa iwo ndikuyika mphukira mu dzenje pamodzi ndi makoma. Lembani mizu ya nyuzipepala yonyowa pokonza mosavuta, ndipo kukwera koteroko sikudzawonongeka. Makapu a pulasitiki ayikidwa mu dzenje ndipo, atagwira clod ya dziko ndi dzanja, lachiwiri limachotsa mosamala galasi pamwamba.
Mutabzala nkhaka mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kubzala mbewu, zitsime zimathiridwa madzi ndipo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti zisawonongeke. Kuteteza kukula kwa udzu pakati pa mizere dothi liri ndi filimu yakuda kapena nsalu ya opaque. Njira imeneyi ndi yofunikira, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi udzu wobiriwira pakati pa mizere pamene nkhaka zowola zikukula.
Timapanga tchire
Nkhaka, mutakula mu greenhouses, ikhoza kukula ndi zokwawa pansi kapena zomangirizidwa ndi chimango.
Cholinga cha garter ndicho chitsogozo cha kukula kwa zilonda zamtunduwu, kuti asafalikire pamtunda wa mapiri.
Nthiti yaikulu ya nkhaka zitsamba pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu likukula. Pambuyo pakumata chomeracho chimayambira kukula kowonjezera kwa mphukira.
Kusinthanitsa kumayenera. Popeza mazira a chipatso amapangidwa makamaka kumbaliyi zimayambira.
Kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungakwerere nkhaka zoyambirira mu wowonjezera kutentha, mukhoza kuona ndi kumva mu kanema iyi:
Kodi mungatani kuti muzisintha?
Ngati mtowa wotentha sungapangidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha, ukhoza kuyambitsa kutentha mmenemo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina:
- Poultice. Amachitika pambuyo kuthirira mmawa. Kuthirira mbewu, wowonjezera kutentha amatseka kwa maola awiri mu kasupe ndi theka la ora m'nyengo yotentha yotentha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa nkhaka.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa dzuwa. Chofunika cha njirayi ndikutentha kutentha ndikusiya. Kusungidwa kumawathandiza kulemera kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhala pogona komanso malo ake. Iyenera kukhala yowongoka ndi kuti ikhale yowunikiridwa ndi dzuwa kuchokera kumwera. Khoma lakumpoto la wowonjezera kutentha liyenera kukhala ndi nsalu zojambula kapena zofiira. Pankhani iyi, kutentha kuchokera kum'mwera sikudzasiya.
- Madzi otsekemera. Mabotolo a pulasitiki amadzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo amaikidwa kuzungulira mpweya wa wowonjezera kutentha, kuti akhale otetezeka pang'ono. Masana, madzi amawotcha dzuwa. Ndipo usiku, kutuluka, imapereka kutentha kwa zomera.
Njira zonsezi zingakuthandizeni kupeza zokolola zochuluka za nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha pa malo popanda ndalama zakuthupi.
