Olima m'minda yamaluwa nthawi zambiri amapanga zolakwitsa zomwe zimayambitsa kukula bwino kwa masamba, kukula kwa chiwonongeko ndi kutaya mtundu. M'nkhaniyi tifotokoza chifukwa chake mphukira imafota mu duwa, momwe hypothermia kapena kusowa kwa kuwala kumakhudza maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Rose ndi dzina la mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yomwe imayimira Rosehip..
Malo osasunthika otsetsereka
Kusankha malo odzala duwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chidzakhudze maluwa. Choncho, tidzakuuzani kumene simukuyenera kubzala maluwa, ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwa iwo.
Mthunzi ndi kuwala kwa duwa
Ngakhale mu kalasi ya biology tinauzidwa za photosynthesis, yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri kwa zomera. Kotero, Maluwa amafunika kuti dzuwa likhale lamtali kwambiri kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo. Komabe, mu maola a dzuwa, maluwa amatha kumira kapena kusintha mtundu. Choncho, ndi bwino kubzala maluwa kuti masana dzuwa litagwa pamtunda.
Ndikofunikira! Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa okwera mumthunzi. Choncho, mitundu yonse imafuna munthu aliyense.Zimakhala ngati mutabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mithunzi mu mthunzi wamba, mudzakhala ndi phesi lochepa la maluwa, masamba osungunuka, masamba ang'onoang'ono, komanso kuwonjezera apo mbeuyo idzakhala yotetezeka kwambiri ku matenda.
Kodi kuzizira kumakhudza bwanji duwa?
Mizere imakhala yovuta kwambiri kutentha kwa nthaka, madzi ndi mpweya. Kutentha kwa dothi kumakhudza momwe mchere umathera mwamsanga kapena pang'onopang'ono, komanso mlingo wa kuyamwa kwa zakudya ndi mizu.
Kutentha kwa nthaka kotsika kumachepetsa kukula kwa chitsamba, ndipo maluwa a duwa amatha kwambiri. Malingana ndi kukana chisanu, mitundu yonse ndi yaumwini. Pali mitundu yopanda chisanu, ndipo pali ena amene amaundana ndi kuwuma pa kutentha kwa 0 ° C. Komabe, mitundu yonse ya maluwa mofanana imalekerera kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Ngakhalenso duwa losazira chisanu lobzala m'munda wanu, kusinthika kwa nyengo kumatha kutentha kuchokera ku +10 mpaka kumtundu kungawononge zomera.
Ndizosayenera kubzala duwa pamalo omwe mphepo ya kumpoto kapena kumpoto-mphepo idzawombera, pamene imatentha kwambiri nthaka ndi zomera zokha.
Kusankha dothi la maluwa
Timasankha ku dothi la "mfumukazi" yathu. ROses chikondi salowerera ndale ndi pH ya 6-7 pH. M'nthaka iyi, duwa limamva bwino, limatenga zakudya m'nthaka mofulumira ndipo silingayambe kutengeka ndi matenda. Ma rosi sayenera kubzalidwa mu dothi losavuta kapena lamchere, chifukwa duwa loti nthaka silingathe kutenga zinthu (amasintha ku mawonekedwe ena). Komanso, simungakhoze kulima rosi pansi pa mitengo, monga duwa silingalandire madzi ndi kufufuza zinthu. Mukadzala duwa pansi pa mtengo, mukhoza kuiwala mwamsanga za masamba obiriwira komanso masamba owala. Mu mthunzi wa korona ukukwera kutali ndi kukhala woonda.
Kusakwanira kokwanira pakufika
Mukamabzala nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba muyenera kulira bwino, izi zidzalola kuti mizu ikhale mofulumira.
Ngati dothi silinayanjanitsidwe, pakapita kanthawi nthaka idzatha, mizu idzakhala yopanda kanthu, ndipo duwa lidzatayika.Izi zimapangitsa kuti mizu ikhale yozizira m'nyengo yozizira, kuyanika ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi majeremusi. Kuphatikiza apo, mizu yopanda madzi imatulutsa chinyezi ndi zakudya m'nthaka.
Zosavuta kudulira maluwa
Kukhazikika kwa chitsamba, kuchuluka kwa maluwa, nyengo yozizira hardiness ndi kukana matenda kumadalira kudulira kolondola. Nthawi zambiri, ndi kudula kolakwika, chitsamba chimatha kufa. Ndipo mu gawo lino, muphunziranso chifukwa chake maluwa amakula moipa pa dacha yanu komanso momwe mungapewere.
Kudulira maluwa mu chaka choyamba cha moyo
Zimakhulupirira kuti chaka choyamba cha moyo wa duwa mutabzala, ndi bwino kuthyola masamba mpaka August.
Awa ndi malangizo oipa kwambiri. Njirayi imayesedwa bwino kuti imakhala ndi mbande pachaka ndi yofooka. Ndi maluwa a zaka ziwiri, malangizowo sakugwirizana, chifukwa simudzawona maluwa oyambirira ndikuletsa kusasitsa kwa maluwa. Kuonjezera apo, kudula masamba omwe mumalowera ku chitsamba kumakhala kovuta.
Ndi kudulira ndibwino kuti pasachedwe, chifukwa mu zimayambira ndi zinthu zothandiza zomwe zimatuluka ndi kutenthetsa thunthu. Iwo amatsika ndi chimfine chozizira. Njira yabwino ndiyo kudula zimayambira pamene zakudya zimachepetsa.
Ngati mutaphimba maluwa m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kudula masentimita 40 kuchokera pansi. M'chaka, pamene pogona pachotsedwa, zidzakhala zosavuta kuona zomwe ziyenera kudulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuchotsa mapesi a mdima kapena oundana.
Ndikofunikira! Kukwera maluwa kusamangidwe.
Kudulira kwa zowonongeka maluwa
Okonda ambiri amadabwa kuti achite chiyani ngati duwa silikuphulika, ndipo ili ndi yankho lolunjika.
Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa samachotsanso masamba omwe amachokera kumtunda. Zipatso zikhalebe pa nthambi, ndipo phokoso ligwe. Koma izi ndi zolakwika. Kusanyalanyaza kwanu pa gawo lanu kungasokoneze maluwa omwe akutsatira.
Ndikofunika kudula maluwa popanda kudikira kuti azifuna, chifukwa izi zimalimbikitsa chitsamba kuti apitirize kupanga maluwa atsopano. Komanso, kudula masamba kumateteza chitukuko cha matenda.
Kuthirira kolakwika
Rose ayenera kukhala madzi nthawi zonse kuti asakhale ndi chinyezi. Koma nthawi zambiri pamisonkhanoyi pali mafunso chifukwa chiyani maluwa akufalikirandipo ili ndi yankho lanu. Ngati kuthirira kwachitika mu kugwa, izi zimayambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu ndipo, motero, kuphulika kwa maluwa.
Amaluwa amaluwa nthawi zambiri amathamangitsa tchire, ndipo izi ndi zolakwika. Kuthirira koteroko sikudzabweretsa zotsatira, chifukwa mizu siimapeza chinyezi chofuna. Mzuwo umatuluka pang'onopang'ono ndipo chitsamba chimamwalira.
Iyenera kukhala yaying'ono yozungulira yopanga 15 cm yakuya ndi kuthirira. Kenaka, pamene madzi akumwa, ayambiranso kugona ndipo ndi yosavuta kugwedeza. Simukuyenera kuthirira nthawi yotentha, ndi bwino kutero m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Zosavuta kubzala kwa maluwa ophatikizidwa
Malo ophatikizira pa duwa pamene mutabzala ayenera 3-4 masentimita pansi pa nthaka. Pa ziwembu zadongo, kubzala sikuyenera kukhala kozama kwambiri, ndipo ndi dothi lachinyontho - mozama kwambiri. Ngati malo opatsirana akamabzala pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, ndiye kuti masamba ndi mphukira zatsopano zimapangidwira pomwe dzuwa limawala bwino. Ngati malowa atsekedwa kwambiri, duwa silimera bwino, ndipo kuthirira, mizu ikhoza kuphuka kapena kuvunda.
Maluwa otchire otsika akamabzala amafunika kuikidwa m'manda - 10 cm pansi pa nthaka. Kuzama kwa mizu sikupereka kukula, monga kungatheke ndi mitundu ina ya maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa ochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi "C" zosiyanasiyana kukula kwa mpunga wa mpunga.
Kuvala maluwa osalakwika
Chakudya chomera - chofunika kwambiri powasamalira maluwa. Koma simuyenera kudutsa. Izi zingachititse kuti chiwonongeko chiwonongeke. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, chomeracho chiyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza, monga nitrogen, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Pakati pa maluwa, idzavulaza chitsamba. Pakati pa nyengo, feteleza phosphorous ndi calcium idzachita, ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitika pakati pa mwezi wa September. Za feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza zoyenera kwambiri. Zatsopano zimayambitsa moto wa mizu yachinyamata.
Nchiyani chimayambitsa kusowa kwa "chakudya"
Ngati duwa silikhala ndi feteleza okwanira, masambawo amataya mawanga ndi madontho ofiira. Izi zikuwonetseredwa makamaka pa masamba akale. Zimakhala makamaka kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Ngati duwa silikusowa phosphorous, masambawo amatembenuka ndi mdima wonyezimira. Pamphepete muwone mikwingwirima yofiirira ndi mawanga. Kukula kwa mphukira kumachedwa. Maluwa imachedwa, ndipo mizu yakula bwino. Mphukira imayamba kukula bwino, maluwa imachedwa, ndipo mizu siimakula.
Ngati duwa sililandira calcium yokwanira, zimayambira ndi masamba, zimayamba kuvulaza kapena kufa. Maluwa amauma ndipo amafa, mizu siimakula.
Feteleza mopitirira muyeso
Ndi feteleza mopitirira muyezo wa nayitrogeni, masamba amakhala amdima wobiriwira, zomera zimakula mochuluka. Koma zimayambira ndi zofewa ndipo zimapanga maluwa ochepa. Mitengo yotere imakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kudyetsa chomera ndi fetereza phosphate-potaziyamu.
Ngati mutapatsa phosphorous phosphorous ponseponse, izi zimayambitsa kusowa kwa manganese ndi salinization ya nthaka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, thupi limasweka, ndipo zomera sizitengera chitsulo.
Ndi kashiamu wochulukirapo, kuchedwa msanga kumayamba, ndipo kudya koteroko kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Kufika kwa mlingo
Ngati mubzala maluwa kwambiri, zidzakhala kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Kuthamanga kwa landings kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusamalira tchire. Amakhalanso ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso amawotchera. Izi zimayambitsa kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma choyamba chimayambitsa kutha kwa maluwa.
Kubzala maluwa ziyenera kukhala ngati kuti chitsamba chili bwino kusamalira. Ndibwino kuti muchite izi pazenera. Mtunda ukhale wa 40-50 cm.
Mukudziwa? Ku Japan, mitundu yatsopano ya maluwa "Chameleon" inamera. Mphuno ya dawuni imasintha mtundu malinga ndi nthawi ya tsiku (yofiira m'mawa, yoyera madzulo).
Kutulutsidwa kwanthawi yayitali kwa kukula kwa zakutchire
Mitundu yosungidwa ndi mbali yaikulu ya maluwa omwe amaperekedwa. Kujambula kumtundu kumapereka mphamvu zofunikira kuti zikule, komanso zimapanga kukula kosafunikira.
Mphukira zakutchire zimachotsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuchotsedwa kwa nyengo zakutchire kumabweretsa kuwona kuti mbali zakuthengo zimamira chitsamba chophatikizidwa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudula mphukira zonse pamunsi.
Hilling maluwa ndi peat kwa dzinja
Hilling ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za m'nyengo yozizira ya maluwa. Izi zimathandiza kuteteza mizu ku chisanu.
Tikukulangizani kuti musagwiritsire ntchito peat yoyera ya hilling, chifukwa chinyezi chimapangitsa kuti pakhale mazira oundana pamwamba pa tchire. Izi zimachitika panthawi ya kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha.
Chotsatira chake, pansi pa kupanikizika kwa chisautso ichi, makungwa pa mitengo ikuluikulu akhoza kupasula ndikubweretsa zotsatira zovuta.
Ndi bwino kutsanulira chitunda cha nthaka youma. Kutalika sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa masentimita 30. Ndi bwino kutsanulira kompositi kapena humus, yomwe idakonzedweratu. Pakati pa mizerayi, gwiritsani ntchito manyowa akale kapena makungwa a shredded kuti mukhale pogona.
Zowonongeka mozizira m'nyengo yozizira
Pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, amaluwa amaluwa amapanga zolakwika zinayi:
- Dyetsani chitsamba ndi nayitrogeni feteleza mu kugwa;
- Masamba si masamba osagwa;
- Zitsamba zoyambirira zimaphimba;
- Zofunika kwambiri kudulira mphukira.
Izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zotsatirazi:
- Mavitrogeni amachititsa kuwombera kukula, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amaundana;
- Masamba otsala pa zimayambira amasunga makina a causative a tizirombo ndi matenda. Masamba akhoza kukhala malo awo.
- Kogona koyamba kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mphukira siimakula ndipo alibe nthawi yokhwima. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito musanayambe kufalitsa chisanu, zimayambitsa kuzizira kwa mphukira.
- Kudulira kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa masika, chifukwa pokhapokha padzakhala momveka bwino zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya wambiri ndipo ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
