Wokonda mphesa aliyense ndi wogwira ntchito ya mpesa amafuna zipatso za mphesa zimabweretsa ubwino ndi kukoma. Mtengo wa mphesa umadalira pazinthu zambiri.
Kusamalira minda yamphesa kumafuna chidwi kwambiri. Kuti zipatso za mphesa zisakhale zokongola komanso zokoma, komanso zothandiza, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthaka ndi mitengo.
Pali tizirombo zambiri zomwe sizitha kudya zipatso zokoma ngati zimenezi. Imodzi mwa tizilombo toopsa kwambiri - Phylloxera.
Ngati mukumana ndi tizilombo tomwe mumunda wanu wamphesa, ndiye kuti muphunziro lathu mudzaphunziranso zenizeni za chiyambi chake ndi mphamvu zake.
Werengani zonse za mphesa.
Mphesa zoyambirira za vinyo: //rusfermer.net/sad/vinogradnik/sorta-vinograda/vinnye-sorta-vinograda.html
Werengani za maula odzala apa.
Werengani zonse za mphesa.Zizindikiro za phylloxera
Phylloxera (Viteus vitifolii) - ndi aphid yaing'ono kwambiri mpaka 1 mm oval ndi maso ofiira, omwe amathera muzu. Komabe, malingana ndi mtundu wa phylloxera, kuwonongeka kwa mizu komanso lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo masamba, n'zotheka.
Mizu ya phylloxera
Mzu wa phylloxera umawoneka ngati mphutsi yamphepete popanda mapiko a mtundu wachikasu ndi ma proboscis oyamwa ndi nyamakazi.
Monga lamulo, amakhala mu mizu, amamwa madzi kuchokera ku mizu ndipo amawoneka ngati akuwomba. Pambuyo pake, mizu imayenda, motero, patapita nthawi, zomera zimatha kufa.
Komanso aphid amatha kubereka poika mazira. M'chaka cha aphid chingapereke pafupi mibadwo 14. Kuchokera ku mphutsi za phylloxera zikuwoneka zazikulu zazikazi ndi anyamata aang'ono, omwe ali ndi mapiko.
Pothandizidwa ndi mapiko, aphid angapezeke ndikuchulukira kuzungulira lonse la mbeu. Mizu ya phylloxera kawirikawiri imagawidwa ku European mphesa mitundu.
Phylloxera
Palinso mitundu ya masamba phylloxera, yomwe imakhazikika pa masamba a mpesa ndi pamenepo, mwathunthu, imakhudza chomera, makamaka zomera za mchiza rootstocks.
Leaf phylloxera ndifupikitsa proboscis yakuda mawonekedwe achikasu mawonekedwe apadera pa masamba. M'magulu awa, mphukira zatsopano zimakhala, kudyetsa ndi kukula, zomwe zimapanga mitundu yonse ya mizu ndi masamba.
M'nyengo yozizira, muzu wa aphid sufa, koma umakhalanso ndi mizu ndipo umayima mu mapiko. Ndi masiku oyambirira a kasupe, mphutsi imayamba ntchito yawo podyetsa ndi kuika mazira atsopano m'ming'alu ya nkhuni, chiwerengero chawo chikufikira oposa zana.
Pakatha masabata awiri, mazira amapereka mphutsi, zomwe pambuyo pake zimatha kukhala azimayi, omwe amatha kuika mazira.
M'nyengo yotentha, pali kubalana kwa pafupifupi 8 mibadwo ya phylloxera. Yoyamba ndi yachiwiri yomwe imakhala mphutsi imakhalanso yozizira mu rhizomes.
Kuwonongeka kwa tchire ndi mizu kumayang'aniridwa, momwe mizu imatulukira kuchokera kuyamwa ma juzi onse, malo ovunda ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a phylloxera. Komanso, tchire amadziwika ndi kukula kwa kukula, kuchepetsa zokolola.
Ndondomeko yowunikirayi ingaphunzire m'buku lapadera la "Grape Phylloxera". I. Kazas ndi A. Garkovenko.
Thanzi lanu m'munda wanu. Phunzirani zopindulitsa katundu wa yamatcheri.
Zothandiza zamapichesi: //rusfermer.net/sad/plodoviy/posadka-sada/poleznye-svojstva-persika-i-sushhestvennye-momenty-pri-ego-vysadke.html
Thanzi lanu m'munda wanu. Phunzirani zopindulitsa katundu wa yamatcheri.Zimayambitsa phylloxera
Muyenera kusankha mitundu yabwino ya mphesa, mosamala musankhe nthaka yolima ndi nyengo yomwe zipatsozi zingakhale bwino. Agrotechnics imathandizanso kwambiri.
Phylloxera ingathenso kutengedwa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osatengeka a kubzala m'misika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ikhoza kutengedwa ndi chithandizo cha nsapato, zipangizo zodyera ndi kukonza, ndi zikhomo ndi zina zotero. Umu ndi mmene phylloxera inkaonekera ku Russia.
Kulimbana ndi phylloxera
Njira yaikulu yolimbirana ndi phylloxera ndi quarantine. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale zokolola zokha zokhazokha zogulira mphesa, kuti zisagulitse malonda kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osadziwika.
Imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zothana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendazi ndikuteteza kubzala. Pali njira ziwiri za disinfection - njira yonyowa ndi njira ya fumigation.
Njira yowonongeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe phylloxera imakhala yogwira ntchito, ndiye imakhala yogwira, chifukwa chaichi, emulsion ya gamma isomer ya hexachlorocyclocladexane imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yowonongeka imatetezedwa ndi magulu apadera ofufuza omwe amapanga chotsekanitsa chomera ndikugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yamtendere phylloxera.
Pofuna kuteteza tchire tating'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, amaika mapepala a polyethylene pazitsamba ndikufesa mobisa pansi.
Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tchire silingathe kuwonjezeka ndi chiwerengero cha zipatso, komanso kuti sizinabzalidwe bwino. Izi zimachepetsa kukana phylloxera.
Njira yamagetsi ikulimbana ndi tsamba la phylloxera, lomwe silikuphatikizapo maonekedwe a matenda a fungal. Pa izi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magawo awiri: choyamba ndi pamene masamba aphukira ndi mphukira zikuwoneka, ndipo chachiwiri ndi pamene masamba 10 akuyamba.
Ngati magalasi amapezeka pamapepala omwe amatsatira phylloxera chifukwa cha zilonda zam'mimba, ndiye kuti kupopera mbewu mankhwala akuchitanso.
Mankhwala osakaniza. Werengani za machiritso ambewu.
Bilberry, makamaka kubzala ndi kusamalira: //rusfermer.net/sad/yagodnyj-sad/posadka-yagod/vyrashivanie-sostav-i-poleznye-svojstva-cherniki.html
Mankhwala osakaniza. Werengani za machiritso ambewu.Zikondwerero zosawerengeka sizikhala zochepa kwambiri kwa phylloxera, iyi ndiyo njira yothetsera tizilombo tomweku kumadzulo. Monga lamulo, pakuti izi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mabokosi omwe sagwirizana ndi maonekedwe a phylloxera.
Izi ndizo zowonjezera zowonongeka, sizomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi phyllocero, zimatetezeranso kuti carbonate imapezeka mu dothi, zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi mitundu yotsatizana. Komanso, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti nyengo ndi nthaka zimalola kuti inoculation yawo ikhale.
Pamodzi ndi njira zothetsera mavuto, pali njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito. Choyamba, muyenera kutsata malo omwe mbande yabzalidwa. M'mayiko a mchenga, phylloxera imalephera kupitirira ndipo tizilombo sitipulumuka, mu dothi louma mizu idzavunda pang'ono.
Ngati simungathe kubzala mphesa mumtambo, ndiye kuti wina ayenera kukumba dzenje lakuya ndi lalikulu, kudzaza zitsulo ndi mchenga. Choncho, phylloxera sichidzakhala bwino kwa chitukuko.
Mchenga umafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, koma ndi bwino kumwa madzi nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndi kulimbana ndi phylloxera.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa minda ya mpesa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi imodzi mwa mavuto aakulu pakulima zipatso zonse. Poganizira mitundu yonse ya maonekedwe a phylloxera, kuberekanso kwake ndi zilemphu, ndizofunikira kumvetsetsa vutoli ndikuyamba kulimbana nalo.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti zambiri zimadalira oyang'anira minda ya mpesa. Monga tanenera kale, phylloxera ikhoza kugwedezeka osati ndi zokometsera zokha, komanso ndi zina zambiri zosagwirizana ndi zida za m'munda.
