Aliyense amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthiwatiwa ndi zinyama zakutchire ndipo zimapezeka mu zojambula zokha, koma tsopano zakhala zikudziwika kwa nthiwatiwa kunyumba. Izi zidzafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la sayansi la nthiwatiwa m'Chigiriki limatanthauza "ngamila-ngamila."
Nthiwatiwa zapakhomo ndi mitundu ya nthiwati zoweta zomwe zimakhala ku Africa. Iwo amadziwika bwino ndi nyengo ya kumpoto, choncho nthiwatiwa ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Mukamakolola nthiwatiwa mungapezeke mazira, nyama, khungu ndi nthengazomwe ziri zofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale ena ndipo zimayamikiridwa kwambiri m'misika.
Zing'onozing'ono zokhudza mbiri ya zoweta za nthiwatiwa
Kuyamba kutchulidwa koweta nkhuku kunali 1650 g. Panthawiyo, nthiwatiwa zinkapangidwa ku Egypt. Ku China, adayesa kulimbikitsa nthiwatiwa m'nthawi ya atumwi. Umboni ndi chithunzi cha nthiwatiwa pamanda a mfumu ya China.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za XYII, nthiwatiwa zimayamba ku Africa.
Nkhondo itatha, nthiwatiwa zinatsika kumbuyo ndipo zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake zinapeza moyo watsopano.
Lero ku Ulaya kuli minda pafupifupi 600.
Mukudziwa? Dzira limodzi la nthiwatiwa likhoza kudyetsa banja lalikulu.
Kodi nthiwatiwa ndi ziti? Nthenda yaikulu ya nthiwatiwa
M'minda ya nthiwatiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu itatu ya nthiwatiwa: African, Australia ndi South America.
- Nthiwatiwa ya ku Afrika mpaka kufika mamita 2.7 mamitala. Nyerere ya nthiwatiwa yaakazi ndi 165 kg, ndipo anyamata ndi 155. Iyi ndi mitundu yokha ya mbalame zokhala ndi mbalame ziwiri zokha. Mbalame zimakhala m'mabanja a amuna amodzi ndi akazi 4. Mzimayi amatha kunyamula mazira 10, omwe amawombera onse akazi ndi amuna. Kuthamanga kumatenga masiku 50. Mazirawo ndi aakulu kwambiri, kukula kwake kwa mazira ndi 12 cm ndi 16 cm m'litali.
- Nthiwatiwa ya ku Australia ili kufika mamita awiri mu msinkhu. Kulemera kwa akazi ndi amuna ndi 60 makilogalamu. Popeza amuna ndi akazi a emu ndi ofanana kwambiri, amatha kusiyanitsa nthawi yochezera, amuna amakuwa mokweza nthawiyi. Nthawi yaukwati imakhala kuyambira September mpaka October. Mkaziyo amaika mazira mu Januwale, amuna awo amawombera. Mbewu imapezeka mkati mwa masiku 60. Amuna amalephera kulemera panthawi yopuma, chifukwa sangathe kuchoka chisa ndi ana.
- Nkhumba za ku South America, kapena nthiwatiwa Nanda, amafika kutalika kufika 1.4 mamita. Amadzichepetsa ndi zomwe zikuchulukira mofulumira. Nkhumba ya nthiwatiwa ili pafupi makilogalamu 30.
Nthiwatiwa sizimuluka, koma zimadalira mapiko, makamaka pakuyenda. Mapiko amathandiza kuti mukhale osamala mukamathamanga. Komanso, mbalamezi, mosiyana ndi nthiwatiwa zina, zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, koma zimasambira bwino.
Nanda sikutanthauza nyama komanso mazira okha, komanso khungu ndi eggshell.
Kodi cholinga cha kubereka nthiwatiwa ndi chiyani? Nthiwatiwa
Nthiwatiwa zimatengedwa kuti zipeze mazira, nyama, nthenga, mafuta, khungu, ziphuphu, ndi nkhono za nthiwatiwa.. Zakudya za nthiwati sizimagulitsidwa m'misika.
Mazira a mphutsi ali ndi mtengo wapamwamba, ndipo kwenikweni onsewo amatumizidwa kuti akonze makulitsidwe. Mazira oyambirira kapena otsiriza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya.
Mazira si otsika kwa nkhuku ndipo amakhala okonzeka mofanana. Dzira limodzi la nthiwatiwa limakhala ndi mazira 30 a nkhuku ndipo limalemera mpaka 1800. Popeza chipolopolo cha dzira chimafanana ndi mapuloteni, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzojambulajambula, zomwe ndizojambula ndi zojambula.
Mukudziwa? Dzira lalikulu kwambiri la nthiwatiwa - 2.35 kg wolemera ndi 18.67 masentimita m'mimba mwake - linapezeka ku China.
Chigoba kuwala ndi kolimba. Iye amabwera mu mitundu iwiri - mdima wobiriwira ndi wachikasu-pinki. Mitundu imadalira mtundu wa nthenga za mbalame. Nthiwatiwa zimathamangira chilimwe. Mayi wina akhoza kunyamula mazira pafupifupi 80 pa nyengo. Zimachitika kuyambira mu March kufikira mwezi wa Oktoba. Nthawi yoyamba, yazimayi imatha mazira 20 tsiku lililonse.
Ku Poland, mazira a nthiwatiwa amaonedwa ngati osasangalatsa, akhoza kudyetsa anthu khumi. Ambiri amafunikira malo odyera.
Mwatsoka, mazira a nthiwatiwa amakhala ochepa kuposa a nkhuku. Ma gramu zana ali 118 kcal. Mazira ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso amakhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mwasankha kuphika dzira lopweteka, mudzafunikira maminiti 75.
Ma gramu 100 a mazira amapezeka ndi mavitamini 12,5, ma gramu 11.8 a mafuta, ndi makilogalamu 0,7 a chakudya.
Mazira a nthiwatiwa akhoza kusungidwa m'firiji kwa miyezi itatu. Popeza ali ndi kukoma kokoma, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuphika.
Mwamwayi, dzira la nthiwatiwa silinali lothandiza kokha, komanso ndi katundu woopsa. Katemera uyu sali woyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yakutali. Mazira amathandiza kuti mitsempha ya mitsempha ikhale yotsekedwa. Ana omwe amatha kudwala matendawa akhoza kukhala ndi kutupa khungu.
Ndipo khalani nthenga nthiwatiwa. Mbalame zimakhala ndi nthenga pa mchira ndi mapiko. Nkhuku yakale imakhala ndi kilogalamu ya nthenga pa thupi lake. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazojambula ndi kupanga.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakusonkhanitsa nthenga - bwino kudula kutali ndi khungu la nthiwatiwa. Nthenga zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbalame zomwe zafika zaka zitatu. Nthenga zoyera ku mchira ndi mapiko zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida, Chalk ndi zokongoletsa zokometsera. Ndiponso nthenga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa fumbi ku njira.
M'zaka za m'ma 500, nthenga za nthiwatiwa zinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala zapamwamba ndi zovala za anthu otchuka. Anakolola matani. Choncho, nthiwatiwa zambiri za ku Africa zinafafanizidwa panthawi imeneyo. Masiku ano, anthu adziŵa bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nthenga za zodzikongoletsera, zovala ndi mkati mwa mbalame.
Kutalika kwa nthengayo sikuyenera kupitirira 80 masentimita. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nthenga za nthenga.
Nyama Nthiwatiwa amaonedwa kuti ndipamwamba kwambiri ndipo amakopa zokoma komanso anthu omwe amadera nkhawa za thanzi lawo. Nyama iyi ikufanana ndi ng'ombe mu kapangidwe kake, kukoma ndi mtundu. Komanso nthiwatiwa nyama ili ndi cholesterol chokhala ndi zinthu zochepa. Pali pafupifupi mafuta ochepa - 1.2%. Pakati pa chithandizo cha kutentha, nthiwatiwa nyama ndi yowuma komanso yofewa, ngakhale mafuta ochepa.
Khungu Nthiwatiwa ndi yamtengo wapatali pamsika, chifukwa ndi mitundu yodabwitsa. Khungu ndi lofewa, losinthasintha komanso kusagwira madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga nsapato, zovala ndi zikopa. Ndi nthiwati imodzi yaikulu ikhoza kukhala pafupifupi 1.5 lalikulu mamita. m m. Khungu la nthiwatiwa, lophimba miyendo, limagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira nsapato ndi portomone.
Mafuta a nthiwatiwa Lili ndi katundu wambiri, wotchedwa anti-edema, anti-inflammatory and healing wound. Anazindikira kuti mankhwala a nthiwatiwa amachiritsa ku Australia. Palinso umboni wakuti mafuta amkuta amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Africa.
Mafuta amachotsedwa popanda kuwononga mbalame pamapamu apadera. Mafuta achilengedwe ali ndi Omega-6, vitamini E ndi antioxidants. Chithandizo chachibadwa chimachepetsa mkwiyo uliwonse, chifukwa uli ndi mphamvu yochepetsera komanso yotonthoza. Zimathandizanso kuti ukalamba ukhale wokalamba.
Kumayambiriro koyambirira, mafuta a nthiwatiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mabala, chifukwa amachepetsa kuyabwa ndi kutupa. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi bedsores ndi scuffs. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawondo kapena mabala, mafuta amachepetsa kutupa ndi ululu.
Ndiponso, nthiwatiwa mafuta amateteza kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kuchiritsa zilonda. Zodzoladzola, mafuta a mbalame ndi othandiza kwambiri. Zimakhudza ubwino wa tsitsi ndipo zimatha kubwezeretsa pafupifupi 80% ya mapulogalamu a tsitsi. Izi ndizoletsa kupewa tsitsi. Zimakhudza kwambiri mafuta pamisomali ndi kuteteza khungu ku chisanu.
Ikani mafuta a nthiwatiwa pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba komanso atabereka, chifukwa ichi ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chopewa kutsekemera pa nthawi ya mimba komanso kuthetsa kuyabwa. Pambuyo kubadwa, zimathandiza kuchiritsa.
Mafuta okwana 7 kg akhoza kupezeka ndi nthiwatiwa.
Nthiwatiwa mafuta ndi operewera kwambiri, komanso alibe zotsegula. Ndizofunika kuti mugwiritse ntchito komanso zopanda phindu.
Ntchito zosiyanasiyana za nthiwatiwa sizimatha ndi nyama, mazira, khungu, nthenga ndi mafuta. Ngakhale mizere ndi mulu wa nthiwati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuchokera pa ziphwanyikazo mumapanga ufa wodulira diamondi.
Mukudziwa? Nthiti ya nthiwati ya Holland kuwononga madola 80,000.
Nkhono ndi mitsinje ya mpunga zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zikhomo, zibangili ndi milandu ya magetsi.
Ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayenera kulenga zokhumba
Malingana ndi alimi odziwa nkhuku, kuswana ndi kusamalira nthiwatiwa sikovuta kuposa kuberekanso nkhuku zina. Anawagwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana kapena kugulitsa.
Malo okonza nthiwatiwa
Malo a nthiwatiwa amagawidwa kukhala ofunika komanso othandizira, komabe mungathe kufika nawo limodzi ngati mlimi alibe mwayi woti amalize chipinda chothandizira. Mu chipinda chachikulu ndi mbalameyo idzakhala moyo. Izi zikuphatikizapo cholembera ndi zotengera. M'malo omangidwira, monga lamulo, chakudya, mazira ndi zosungira zimasungidwa.
Malo oti asunge nthiwati ayenera kusungidwa. Oyenera gome ili pa maziko olimba. Onetsetsani kukhala ndi mawindo, monga nyengo yofunda, chipinda chimasowa mpweya wapadera. M'nyengo yozizira, mpweya wabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nyumbayi padenga.
Makoma a cholemberawo amadzazidwa ndi dongo kapena yokutidwa ndi mapepala osalala. Pansi pali matabwa. Pofuna kugona m'pofunikira kuthira udzu wambiri ndi udzu.
Ndikofunikira! Zida zonse zomanga ziyenera kukhala zoyera komanso zachilengedwe.
Muyeneranso kulingalira kuti nkhokwe iyenera kukhala yayikulu - kuyambira mutu wa nthiwatiwa mpaka padenga sayenera kukhala osachepera mita.
Malo okhala ndi nthiwatiwa
Pafupi ndi chipinda chachikulu, nkofunikira kumaliza kumanga paddock ndi ukonde.
Ndibwino kuti mupange cholembera kuti mbalame zizikhala mu nthaka yamchenga. Sitiyenera kukhala mitengo ndi tchire pamtunda wa pensulo. Iwo amapanga mthunzi, ndipo malo oyenderera kwa nthiwatiwa ayenera kuyatsa bwino.
Pafupi ndiyenso muyenera kukhala ndi malo amodzi ozungulira ndi zomera, koma ngati pali udzu wapafupi pafupi, ndiye mbalame zikhoza kutumizidwa kukadyera kumeneko. Ngati mulibe malo oterewa, ndiye kuti muyenera kudula udzu nokha.
Mukudziwa? Mapiko a nthiwatiwa amatha kufika mamita awiri.
Kuyika kwa odyetsa ndi omwa
Popeza nthiwatiwa ndi mbalame zadyera, muyenera kuganizira malo oyenera odyetserako chakudya, chifukwa ngati ataphwanyidwa, nyama zinyama zingathe kupweteketsana.
Ngati pali mbalame zambiri pa famu yanu, odyetsa angapo amaikidwa pamtunda wa 50 cm pa nkhuku kapena 1.5 mamita pa nthiwatiwa wamkulu. Amadzazidwa ndi 2/3 mwa chiwerengerocho. Kwa udzu kapena udzu, muyenera kukhala ndi trellis owonjezera. Zimakhazikika m'nyumbayo kutalika kwa masentimita 60.
Monga mowa muyenera kusankha zipangizo zotere kuti anapiye asagwe mumadzi. Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa omwa ndi woyera. Izi zimathandiza Ostrisi kupeza mwamsanga chakudya cha madzi ndi madzi ndi kudyetsa. Kwa anyamata ang'onoang'ono mungagwiritse ntchito mbale kapena trays monga mbale zolowa. Angathe kugulanso.
Makamaka kutsimikiziridwa omwa mowa. Izi zimathandiza kusunga madzi. Mtengo wa oledzera sayenera kukhala oposa 30 malita. Iwo sali okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma alimi ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito akumwa opangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo.
Mukudziwa? Pakalipano, nthiwatiwa eye corneas ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati grafts mu mafupa.
Zakudya zokhudzana ndi nthiwatiwa. Mtengo wa tsiku ndi tsiku
Kuti chiberekero chibereke ndi moyo, nthiwatiwa imayenera kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Zakudya zimayenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere. Izi zimathandiza thupi la mbalame kupanga mphamvu, kufulumira kukula kwa maselo atsopano ndi ziphuphu zatsopano. Mlimi wa nkhuku amadziwa kuti nthiwatiwa akudya pa famu, poganizira nyengo, njira yosunga, zaka komanso thupi la nthiwatiwa.
Chakudya cha masamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu zakudya zazikulu. Ndiwo magwero aakulu a mphamvu, mafuta ndi mavitamini.
Nazi mndandanda wa zakudya zina zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu chakudya cha masamba:
Chakudya chamadzimadzi chimaphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ndi ma microelements.
Mndandanda wa zakudya zabwino:
- Zamasamba Ichi ndi chakudya chachikulu chomera. Iyo imadulidwa ndipo imatumikiridwa monga nthiwati wamkulu ndi anapiye. Ndimadyera okha omwe amadyetsedwa. Monga masamba amagwiritsa ntchito nyemba, clover, nandolo ndi nyemba.
- Nettle. Chomera choyambirira ichi chikhoza kupezeka pamtunda, m'mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Lili ndi mapuloteni 4% ndi mavitamini, ma vitamini A, B ndi E.
- Vitamin Hay kuchokera ku alfalfa, clover ndi udzu udzu. Ichi ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso chofunikira m'nyengo yozizira. Mavitamini amasungidwa poyanika zitsamba. Mutha kuumitsa pansi pa denga. Udzu wotere umasungidwa m'chipinda chouma ndi chakuda. Anatumizira nthiwatiwa zabwino kwambiri.
- Mbewu ya ufa. Zimapangidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi zitsamba zam'madzi komanso mwachidule mpweya wotentha. Izi sizimakhudza mavitamini ndi zakudya. Mafuta a zitsamba ali ndi carotene, mapuloteni, folic acid ndi kufufuza zinthu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbalame zikule komanso kuti zikhale bwino.
- Mizu ndi mbewu za tuber. Mndandanda uwu umakhala ndi kaloti, mbatata, beetroot ndi peyala yapansi. Izi ndizitulutsa mwachindunji mavitamini ndi salt amchere amene nthiwatiwa amafunikira mu nyengo yachisanu. Beet amatumikiridwa bwino kwambiri. Mbatata iyenera kuyiritsidwa ndipo imatumikiridwa ngati mbatata yosakanizidwa ndi chimphona ndi ufa wa udzu. Karoti finely akanadulidwa. Ndi bwino kusankha kaloti wofiira, chifukwa pali carotene kwambiri.
Kuti thupi likhale ndi kagetsi kake komanso chitukuko cha chakudya cha nyama. Iwo ali ndi mapuloteni ndi amino acid.Mndandanda wa chakudya cha nyama:
- Mkaka Mkaka waukulu, kanyumba tchizi, mkaka ndi zowonongeka kuchokera ku churning batala amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Siriamuyi imakhala ndi mchere yomwe imakumba mosavuta.
- Nsomba. Mitundu ya nsomba ndi nsomba sizinagulitsidwe. Wathyoledwa ndi wophika. Nsomba ili ndi pafupifupi 60% mapuloteni ndi 18% mafuta, amino acid ndi mchere.
- Nyama ndi fupa chakudya. Lili ndi mapuloteni 50%, 11% mafuta ndi 30% zopangira phulusa.
- Mazira a mbalame Chipolopolo cha dzira la nkhuku yophika chimasonkhanitsidwa, zouma ndikupatsidwa kwa nthiwatiwa monga chovala cha mchere.
Timapereka tebulo la chakudya chamtundu uliwonse cha nthiwatiwa:
Chofunikira chachikulu cha zakudya - kukhutiritsa kwathunthu zosowa za nthiwatiwa. Ndikofunika kudziwa chomwe chiyenera kupatsidwa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuchuluka kwake. Kalori imayenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za mbalame.
Ndibwino kuti mupange zakudya zokha, koma muyenera kulingalira za kufunika kwa zakudya zonse za chakudya, kulemera kwa mbalame ndi msinkhu.
Ndikofunikira! Musalole nthiwatiwa kunenepa.
Kudyetsa kholo gulu la mbalame kumagawidwa mu nthawi ziwiri: zopindulitsa komanso zosabereka. Nthawi yozizira ndi yopanda phindu, chifukwa ndiye kuti nthiwatiwa sizimabereka ndipo zimayenera kukhala ndi kulemera kwake.
Nthawi yopindulitsa imapezeka pakati pa anyamata atatha msinkhu wachinyamata mpaka nthawi yotsatira yamasika. Muzimayi, pambuyo pa kutha kwa dzira ndi mpaka nyengo yotsatira yobwera.
Ndikofunikira! Kukhoza kwa amuna kuti azitsatira akazi kumadalira mafuta ndi thanzi.
Ndikofunika kuwerengera mlingo wa chakudya kuti idye patsiku. Pa nthawi yomweyi chakudya cha chakudya sichingagwe mvula.
Popeza kuti malondawa sapereka chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwa nthiwatiwa, mukhoza kugula zakudya zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa nkhuku kapena abakha. Kudyetsa nthiwatiwa kumafuna madzi abwino ndi abwino. Chofunika kwambiri ndi madzi otentha. Madzi oipitsidwa kapena ofunda ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda a m'mimba mu nthiwatiwa, musawapatse masamba owopsa komanso onyansa. Ayenera kutsukidwa ndi zouma ndi mpweya wofunda.
Mukudziwa? Nthiwatiwa alibe mano. Amameza miyala yaying'ono ndi miyala yochepa yomwe imathandizira kugaya chakudya m'mimba.
Mbali yosamalira nthiwatiwa m'nyengo yozizira
Nthiwatiwa zimagwirizana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, komabe panthawi imodzimodziyo amatha kutentha kutentha pansi pa madigiri 30. Koma kuchokera ku zojambula ndi mbalame zimatha kudwala. Nkhuku zotsiriza zimapezeka mu September-December, ndiko kuti, chisanakhale chisanu. Pofika mwezi wa December, amakula ndikudzipereka. Komanso, nthiwatiwa zimakhala zozizira m'nyengo zolembera zosasunthika.
M'nyengo yozizira, chinthu chachikulu ndichosunga chitseko chatsekedwa. При минусовой температуре страусы все равно не отказываются от прогулки. Выпускать их необходимо только на 10 минут и вернуть обратно в помещение.Kawirikawiri, zimakhala zovuta kusunga nthiwatiwa m'nyengo yozizira, monga mbalame zimakhala bwino m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo chisanu si chopinga.
Monga momwe mutha kumvetsetsa, sikuli kovuta kubereka nthiwatiwa, koma ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri. Tsatirani malangizo awa, mukhoza kulitsa mbalame mosamala pa tsamba lanu.
