Kubzala mbewu za Momordica mu mbande
Momordica, Zimatchedwanso nkhaka zakutchire, nkhaka za Indian, nkhaka-ng'ona, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, peyala ya balsamic, ndi zina zambiri, ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi liana zapakati pa chaka.
Ikhoza kukhala wamkulu ngati chipinda cham'mbali, m'dziko kapena m'munda chifukwa chokongoletsera (maluwa ndi zipatso za momordiki zikuwoneka kaso), komanso mbewu za masamba kapena mankhwala.
Mukudziwa? Momordica imakhala ndi beta ya carotene kawiri kuposa broccoli; kashiamu kawiri kuposa sipinachi, ndi potaziyamu kawiri kwambiri monga nthochi! Mayi ena amathandizira kuchiza HIV, ndipo madzi ake amapha maselo a khansa ya pancreatic!
Zomwe zimatchulidwapo za zomera izi zokha ndizofukwa zokwanira kuti mudziwe zonse zokhudza momordika.
Mbewu yokonzekera musanadzalemo
Chomera chikhoza kuchulukana mwa kudula, koma njira yotchuka kwambiri komanso yothandiza ndiyo kukula momordica kuchokera ku mbewu.
Mbewu za Momordica akhoza kufesedwa mwamsanga pamtunda, komabe, popeza chomeracho ndi thermophilic, bwino kukula mbande poyamba. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa March - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Posankha mbewu zobzala, zosankhidwa ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu akuda, popeza ali okhwima.
Popeza mbewu za momordica zimakhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba kwambiri, popanda zina zowonjezera asanayambe kubzala, chifukwa cha chipolopolo chakunja chidzathyoledwa, zimamera bwino kwambiri.
Chigoba cha mbewu kuchokera kumbali ya mphuno chimakulungidwa ndi pepala lofewa kapena mapepala a msomali, pambuyo pake mbewuzo zimagwedezeka mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena kulimbikitsa kulikonse komweko, atakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa kapena nsalu, amaikidwa pamalo otentha (osachepera + 25 ° C) ndi kusungidwa masiku (nthawi zina izi zimatha kutenga masabata awiri) mpaka mvula yoyera ikuwoneka kuchokera ku mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kubzala mbeu mu malo ozizira musanadzalemo, mwinamwake iwo adzavunda!
Mafomu ndi fetereza
Momordica ili ndi mizu yofooka kwambiri ndipo imayipitsitsa kwambiri poyang'ana mizu, yomwe imatsimikizira zofunikira zina za nthaka. Zosangalatsa kwambiri zomera izi zimamveka m'nthaka yokhala ndi humus ndi yaikulu kwambiri ya dongo ndi yaikulu kuchuluka kwa mchenga, ndale kapena pang'ono acidic.
Mukamabzala, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndi kudyetsedwa bwino. Kawiri pa mwezi mutabzala mbande, nthaka iyenso ikhale ndi feteleza ndi potashi ndi phosphate.
Mofanana ndi dzungu lonse, momordica salola kuloledwa, choncho ndibwino kuti mubzala mbewu mu miphika yodzaza ndi zakudya zokwanira, mbeu ziwiri m'mphepete mwake. Kuzama kwa kukwera - pafupifupi masentimita imodzi ndi theka.
Mbeu ikamayikidwa pansi, imayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuphimbidwa ndi madzi osakaniza. Kenako miphika yophimbidwa ndi filimu yopanga wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuikidwa pamalo otetezedwa kuchokera ku zitsulo ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Masiku awiri oyambirira mutabzala nthaka mu miphika sayenera kuthiriridwa.
Kutentha kwakumera
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera kwa mbande momordiki- + 20 ° C ndi pamwamba. Zikatero, mphukira zoyamba ziyenera kuonekera masiku 10 mpaka 15 mutabzala.
Kusamalira mbande za momordica
Pambuyo kamera kamera, filimuyo imachotsedwa, ndipo miphika imasunthira ku malo owala. Nthaka mu miphika sayenera kuuma, yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kuti iperekere madzulo.
Pamene chomera chimatulutsa masamba awiri oyambirira (osati kuwerengera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), kuchokera ku mphukira ziwiri amasankha wamphamvu, yachiwiri imachotsedwa.
Mbeu zovuta
Masabata angapo musanayambe kubzala, mbande za momordica (ziyenera kupanga 2-3 masamba enieni) pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kuzizoloŵera ku zinthu zakunja - mkwiyo. Mafunde otentha sayenera kukhala osachepera 15 ° C.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbande ziyenera kukhala kunja kwa maola angapo, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono ziziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, chifukwa kuphunzitsa kuunika, komanso kutentha, ayenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono.
Kuonjezeranso kuti mpweya uzikhala pang'onopang'ono, kuwonjezera ola limodzi kapena awiri tsiku lililonse, ndipo nthawi yobwera mu mbande za nthaka zikhale kunja kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu.
Ngati, mutabzala mutseguka, mbande ziri mu wowonjezera kutentha, mmalo mozitenga panja, mungathe kungotulutsa mpweya wowonjezera ndikuthawa zitseko usiku wonse.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Nthawi zabwino zokhalapo
The mulingo woyenera wa zaka mbande kubzala yotseguka pansi ndi 40-45 masiku. Momordica ndi zomera zotentha, usiku ozizira zingathe kuwononga mphukira zazing'ono, ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pansipa +15 ° C kumapangitsa kuti zomera zikule. Choncho, ndi bwino kudzala momordika mu wowonjezera kutentha, kungatheke kumapeto kwa May.
Ngati, komabe, mukukonzekera kukula nkhaka za Indian kunja, muyenera kuganizira pa mtengo wa apulo posankha nthawi yobzala - mutangoyamba, mukhoza kubzala. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa June.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera malo
Momordica amakonda kuwala ndi kutentha, izi zimasankha kusankha malo otsetsereka. Ndi bwino kuti imatetezedwa ku mphepo ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa pakati pa tsiku.
Pofuna kukonzekera nthaka kuti mukhale ndi mphalapala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha urea, superphosphate ndi potassium sulphate - supuni imodzi pa chidebe cha manyowa (kapena thumba la manyowa) pa mita imodzi ya bedi.
Mukhoza kudyetsa nthaka mwamsanga musanadzalemo, koma nthaka yowonjezereka iyenera kuzimitsidwa m'dzinja ndi mandimu (kuyambira theka kufika pa makapu imodzi ndi theka pa mita imodzi).
Okonzeratu abwino
Momordica imakula bwino pambuyo pa mbatata, tomato, mbewu zosiyana siyana ndipo sichimakonda monga oyambirira ake zamasamba.
Njira yobzala mbeu
Mitsuko ya mbande imakonzedwa ndi kuya pafupifupi masentimita 40, kuyendetsa mtunda wa masentimita 50 mpaka 60 pakati pa zomera. Pambuyo pa dzenje (pambuyo poika dothi losakaniza ndi feteleza lopangidwa ndi dothi loyera "laukhondo"), mphika wa peat. Kenaka, dzenje limalowetsedwa ndi kuthirira madzi ochuluka (malita atatu a madzi pa sapling).
Kusamalira Momordica
Kawirikawiri, zamisala nkhaka sizodzichepetsa, komabe chisamaliro cha momordica chili ndi zofunikira.
Makamaka, kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, zosowa za momordika mapangidwe abwino: zonse zowonongeka pamtunda wamtunda wa masentimita 50 kuchokera pansi pambuyo pakuonekera kwa ovary yoyamba ayenera kuchotsedwa, kusiya mphukira zitatu zokha.
Ndikofunikira! Kuonetsetsa kuti fruiting-ng'ona imagwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki: Tengani maluwa amphongo ndipo musamakhudze maluwa a mzimayi (iyo imapanga kamodzi kanthawi ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a chipatso)
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mankhwala momordika
Panthawi ya kukula, nkhaka za Indian zimafuna madzi okwanira ambiri, koma mizu yofooka ya zomera imatha kuwonongeka, choncho kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumakhala kovulaza.
Kupopera mbewu kumayenera kuchitidwa dzuwa lisanalowe. Nkofunika kuti madzi ogwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa si ozizira kwambiri.
Kutsegula ndi kukulumikiza nthaka
Kugona ndi mamerdika kumatha kukhala ndi udzu kapena peat. Pofuna kuteteza kusungunuka kwa chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka pamwamba pake, ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi wakuda agrofibre. Izi zidzatetezeranso dothi kutentha kwapakati.
Mulching amakulolani kuti musamere udzu ndi kumasula nthaka, kuti mizu yofooka ya mbewu isasokonezedwe.
Feteleza ndi zakudya zamasamba
Dyetsani momordica kuyamba kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, ndiye - pa nthawi ya fruiting ndi nthawi yotsiriza - masabata 2-3 isanafike mapeto a zokolola. Kuchita izi, zovuta zamchere feteleza (1 tbsp) ndi zinthu zakuthupi, monga mullein (1 tsp Kashitsy), amatsitsidwa mu chidebe cha madzi.
Garter pa chithandizo (trellis)
Momordica - Ndiwo mpesa, kotero umafuna chithandizo. Zingakulire pamphepete mwa gazebo kapena kuyika chithandizo mu mawonekedwe a galasi kapena mawonekedwe. Mtsinje wa kumtunda uyenera kukhala pamtunda wa masentimita 80 mpaka 90. Pambuyo kuthawa kwake kufika pamtandawu, uyenera kuponyedwa pamwamba pake ndipo utatha masentimita 20-30 cm.
Mukudziwa? Kufikira fruiting, masamba a momordica, akakhudzidwa, amatha kuyaka mofanana ndi nettle. Choncho, kusamalira chomera ndizofunikira mu magolovesi.
Kukolola
Zokolola za nkhaka za ku India ziyenera kukolola pafupi masabata awiri mutatha kuonekera zipatso, kenako amayamba kulawa.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri zipatsozo zimatha, ndiwowonjezereka zipatso zatsopano. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati mutasiya chipatso chamtchire, momordika amalephera.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a amayi, momwe tingachitire ndi iwo
Momordica si kanthu kokha kutchedwa nkhaka. Kuphatikiza pa kufanana kwakunja kwa zikhalidwe izi, adani wamba. Choyamba pa izo aphid, powdery mildew, woyera zowola ndi bacteriosis.
Ndikofunika kuchiza chomera ndi mankhwala apadera pokhapokha zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zikuwonekera: powdery mildew - fungicides, colloidal sulfure, mkuwa oxychloride; anthracnose ndi cladosporia - Bordeaux osakaniza.
Masamba okongoletsedwa pa momordika zingakhale zotsatira za kutsika kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Chomera chikhoza kudyetsedwa anyezi Tingafinye ndi kutsitsi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa.
Ndi mizu yovunda mukhoza kuyesetsa kuigwiramwa kutsanulira dothi lachonde la nthaka yatsopano (mpaka 5 cm) kuzungulira chomeracho, koma ngati chomeracho chimafota, chiyenera kukumba, ndipo dzenje lidzaza ndi nthaka yabwino.
Pafupifupi matenda onse a momordiki ndi chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera cha chomeracho, choyamba chimadetsa nkhaŵa, chifukwa chotsutsana kwambiri ndi nkhaka za Indian ndizowonongeka - mizu. 
