Kodi kubzala ndi kukula nkhaka "Altai"

Nkhaka zosiyanasiyana "Altai" amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa opambana mankhwala zamakono kuswana. Mbewu iyi imapereka zokolola zabwino, ndipo imakhalanso yosagwirizana ndi mitundu yonse ya nyengo zozizwitsa. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtundu uwu ndi wosakanikirana, womwe ungathe kudyedwa mu mawonekedwe ake, komanso ngati chimodzi mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za zakudya ndi pickles. Komabe, palibe wamaluwa ambiri masiku ano omwe akuganiza kuti akule nkhaka izi pachokha, makamaka mu nyengo yowawa. Kenako, tiona mwatsatanetsatane zinsinsi zazikulu za bwino kulima nkhaka "Altai".

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

"Altai" akunena za omwe amaimira a Nkhata, mtundu wa Dzungu. Imeneyi ndi mbewu yomwe imakhala yobiriwira, yomwe ndi chaka cha mtengo wa mpesa ndi zomera zokwawa. Gawoli likhoza kukhala lozungulira kapena laling'ono, pamwamba pake pali tsitsi laling'ono, lomwe limapereka pubescence. Kukula kwa nkhaka ndizochepa, zimadalira zinthu zambiri, makamaka pa nyengo, komanso pazinthu zina. Choncho, kutalika kwa tsinde la chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe kumatha kusiyana pakati pa 1-1.2 m.

Mukudziwa? Chikhalidwe cha nkhaka chinayamba pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo m'dera lamakono la China ndi India.

Mphukira zingapo zimayambira pamtengo waukulu, malinga ndi kukula kwake, chiwerengero chawo chimasiyanasiyana ndi 3 mpaka 5. Pamwamba pa tsinde palinso ndondomeko yeniyeni, yotchedwa antennae. Ndi chithandizo chawo, chomeracho chikuphatikizidwa ku chithandizo cha pamwamba. Zimapangidwa pa nthiti za tsinde, kuyambira pa 3-5 nsonga pafupi ndi dothi, kufika kumapeto pamwamba. Masamba ambiri ndi njira zina zimapangidwira kumbali ya mphukira yaikulu. Ili ndi masamba osiyana omwe ali ndi mamita 10 mpaka 15. La lamina ndi lalitali, lovala ndi palmate. Pambali pa tsinde muli mapepala pamapepala, omwe ndi mbali ya khalidwe la mamembala onse a nkhaka za mtundu. Mtundu wa masamba nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira komanso wobiriwira, koma nthawi yamvula imatha.

Mzu wa ndodo ya "Altai" imayimira. Amadziwika ndi mizu yayikulu, yotukuka bwino komanso mizu yaing'ono ya nthambi, yomwe ili ndi tsitsi zambiri. Misa yaikulu ya mizu imakhala pafupifupi masentimita 25, koma mizu yowonongeka imatha kudzaza danga la mamita 1-1.5 kuchokera muzu waukulu. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, pamtambo wambiri, mizu imapanganso njira zowonjezeretsera (mmagulu a masamba, muwondo wamkati, ndi zina zotero).

Mukudziwa? Nkhaka ndi imodzi mwa zochepa za pachaka zomwe zimalimidwa ndi mtundu wapadera wa mizu. Mbali yonse ya pansi pa nthaka ya mbeuyo imaposa pamwambapa nthawi zambiri.

Maluwa amakhuta amayamba masiku 35-40 mutabzala mbewu. Maluwa ochepa a maluwa asanu a chikasu amamera pa chomeracho. Amagawanika kukhala akazi ndi amuna, omwe amadziwika ndi pistil kapena stamens, motero. Maluwa achikazi ndi ochulukirapo komanso ochulukirapo kuposa amuna. Iwo ali pafupi ndi mwamuna, mu axils wa chomera ndi 1-2 zidutswa, koma nthawizina nambala yawo ingakhoze kuwonjezeka (malingana ndi zomwe zikukula). Kuwombera nkhuku kumakhala kofiira, pambuyo pake pamakhala chophimba chowombera pamtunda, chomwe chimamera ku zipatso zam'thumba ndi mbewu zambiri. Nkhaka "Altai" imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ulimi wamakono ndi mafakitale mu nyengo yozizira ya kumpoto, kotero mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yoyamba kucha ndi nyengo yochepa yokula. Zipatso zosonkhanitsa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe apamwamba komanso makhalidwe abwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse mu mawonekedwe opangira komanso pokonzekera zosiyanasiyana zakumwa.

Zosiyana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Altai":

tsinde lalifupikitsa (malinga ndi mitundu yotsatizana);
mkulu wa masamba;
kuwombera;
mtundu wa gherkin;
kukula kwakukulu ndi khalidwe loyera la pubescence;
Nambala yochepa ya mbeu mu chipatso.

Ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana:

mkulu;
kudzichepetsa kwa nthaka ndi ulamuliro wa nyengo;
kuphulika mwachangu mkati mwa June;
chilengedwe chonse cha chipatso;
kukula kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe a pickles kwa pickling;
mkulu zokolola zokolola;
chomera kukana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a powdery mildew ndi nkhaka.

Kuipa kwa nkhaka "Altai" pang'ono. Choyamba, ndi nthawi yochepa ya fruiting, yomwe imakhudzana ndi maonekedwe a thupi la mbeu, kuchepa kwa mbeu kumalo otseguka, komanso kukanika kwa nkhaka kwa kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuwonjezera apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana siyiyanasiyana ndi kukana mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, kotero agrotechnical ya kulima kwake imafuna kuchiza zomera ndi zovuta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

Mitunduyi ili ndi zokolola zambiri. Kuchokera pa 1 square. M nthawi yonse ya zomera zogwira ntchito mu nthaka yotseguka ikhoza kusonkhanitsa zipatso zokwana 3.5-4 makilogalamu, omwe ali pafupifupi matani 35-40 pa hekitala. Mitundu ya fruiting imapezeka mkati mwa masiku 45-50 mutatha mphukira, pamene kukolola kumachitika pafupifupi 1-2 pa sabata. Kukula kwa zipatso kumawoneka mofanana, kuchokera pa ovary mpaka kukwera, zimatengera pafupifupi masiku 8-12.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka ndi yosiyana ndi zokolola zambiri: "Maluwa", "Wonse ali ndi nsanje", "Chozizwitsa cha Chitchaina", "Chiphuphu chapamwamba", "Phoenix 640", "Paratunka", "Chida cha Siberia", "Amur f1", "Chi German".

Chikhalidwe cha nkhaka mitundu "Altai":

kulemera kwake - 85-115 g;
kutalika (kukula mokwanira) - 9-11 masentimita;
mtundu wa oval, cornish;
Mtundu wa khungu - wofewa, wandiweyani, wofiira-tuberous, wokhala ndi nyemba yoyera ya pubescence;
mtundu - wolemera, wobiriwira;
chiŵerengero cha kutalika ndi m'lifupi ndi 3.5: 1.
kulawa - kukhuta ndi mafuta onunkhira, osawawidwa;
Kutengeka ndi kotsika, zipatso zimakhala zoyendetsa nthawi yaitali.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Kawirikawiri amalimidwa nkhaka mwa kukula mbande, kotero kusankha chisamaliro chapamwamba ndicho chikhalidwe chachikulu chopeza zokolola zochuluka, komanso zipatso zapamwamba ndi zathanzi. Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, wamaluwa ambiri osadziŵa zambiri samanyalanyaza mosamala mbande, kudalira kuwona mtima kwa ogulitsa. Zotsatira zake, kulima kokolola kwa nthawi yaitali kumakhala kovuta ndi nthawi. Pakuti kubzala kotseguka nthaka kumpoto bwino zomera pa zaka 25-30 patapita masiku kufesa. Nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

kutalika kwa gawo la mlengalenga - 25-30 masentimita;
kutalika kwa bwalo lozungulira - osaposa 5 masentimita;
mawonekedwe a mawondo a mawondo akuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 1 cm;
nambala ya masamba - ma PC 5-6;
kukula kwa mapepala otsikawa ndi pafupifupi 16 masentimita awiri.

Mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri za masiku makumi atatu zimadziwikanso ndifupikitsa internodes, zamphamvu zimayambira ndi zowala, masamba akuda. Pa bondo losakanikirana, zomera zoterozo ziyenera kukhala ndi ziphuphu zooneka bwino zoyera, zomwe ndizo zizukulu zazing'ono. Mitengo yotereyi imakhala ndi kupulumuka kwakukulu, komanso kukana usiku chisanu.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati mupatsidwa kuti mugule mbande zazikulu zowonjezera masamba obiriwira - onetsetsani kukana zoterezi. Mitengoyi idakula mwakuya kosalekeza, kawirikawiri sichikhala ndipamwamba.

M'nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha, mbande zazing'ono zimayenera kubzala pamalo otseguka (masiku 15-20). Mbande zotero zimadziwika ndi zotsatirazi:

kutalika kwa gawo la mlengalenga - 15-20 masentimita;
kutalika kwa bwalo lozungulira - osaposa 5 masentimita;
chiwerengero cha masambawa - ma PC 2-3;
kukula kwa mapepala a m'munsi ndi pafupi masentimita 10-12 m'mimba mwake.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze zakuthupi m'masitolo apadera, popeza pali mwayi waukulu wokumana ndi zipangizo zosabzala bwino m'misika komanso m'masitolo.

Posankha mbande, nkofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zomera zonse kuti zikhalepo pamatenda osiyanasiyana, komanso matenda. Mitengo iyenera kukhala yothira pang'ono, yobiriwira, yosalala kapena yotupa. M'pofunikanso kufufuza mbali yamunsi ya masamba, popeza tizirombo tambiri timayambirapo (aphid, kangaude, etc.).

Ndiyeneranso kuyang'anitsitsa mphikawo, sayenera kuwonongeka, chifukwa ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chonyalanyaza zomera, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mizu yachisomo. Ngati n'kotheka, onetsetsani kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa mizu ya mbande. Ziyenera kukhala bwino, popanda kuwonongeka ndi kuika zilonda. Mizu yabwino imayenera kudzaza gawo lonse la mphika. Izi zimathandiza kuti kuchotsedwe kwa mbande kuchokera mu thanki, komanso kumasonyezanso kukula kwa mbande.

VIDEO: MMENE MUNGASANKHE KOPEREKA KWAMBIRI Nthaŵi zina, ojambula osagwiritsidwa ntchito osagwira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonjezera kukula ndi kumera feteleza za mbande ndi feteleza zamchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero chawo chiwonjezeke komanso chimapangitsanso maonekedwe awo. Komabe, mbande zotero nthawi zambiri sizitsutsana ndi mitundu yonse ya zovuta za chilengedwe, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa. Kuzindikira zomera zotere ndi zophweka. Amapatsidwa mthunzi wobiriwira kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi mbande zina), komanso kupotoza pang'ono kwa masamba kumbali ya mizu (chifukwa cha kupitirira mafuta ndi nitrojeni).

Mbewu zoyenera ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo osatha mkati mwa maola angapo mutagula. Ngati akukonzekera kutengedwera mtunda wautali, zomera ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisamangidwe. Kuti achite izi, nthawi zonse amafunika kusakaniza ndi spray.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nkhaka sizili za zikhalidwe zosadziwika, kotero, n'zotheka kukula chomera ichi bwino pamagulu aliwonse. Koma kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kusamalira zinthu zabwino kwambiri za mbeu. Mwachizoloŵezi, "Altai", monga mitundu ina, imafuna dothi lachonde kwambiri ndi lochepetsedwa bwino, ndi mankhwala otsika a nitrogenous. Njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi yosakaniza yokhala ndi gawo lofanana la humus, peat, sod land ndi utuchi. Koma kuti mukwaniritse gawo lopanda bwino mukhoza kukhala bwino mchenga kapena loamy dothi. Mukhozanso kukula bwino chikhalidwe pa nthaka ina iliyonse yomwe imakhala yokwanira komanso yochepa. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mchenga wosavuta, womwe umadzipukutidwa ndi magawo olemera kwambiri.

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zogulitsa mbewu ndi pH ya nthaka. Nkhaka sizilekerera magawo a acidic, kotero ngakhale pang'ono acidification ya nthaka ingapangitse kukula kolepheretsa ngakhale imfa ya zomera. Koposa zonse, acidity ya nthaka ili pa 6.5-8. Onetsetsani chizindikirochi ndi zizindikiro zapadera za nthaka.

Kukolola bwino kwa munda wamunda kumadalira acidity ya nthaka, kotero muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungadziwire acidity kunyumba ndi momwe, ngati kuli koyenera, kuti muwononge nthaka.

Ndifunikanso kumvetsera mwatsatanetsatane wa chikhalidwe. Makamaka nkhaka imakula pambuyo pa anyezi, kabichi, tomato, nyemba ndi sideratov. Musayambe kukonda chikhalidwe pambuyo poimira abambo a Nkhumba (dzungu, mavwende, zukini, etc.), ndipo musayambe kulima nkhaka mu ulimi.

Njira yabwino kwambiri yolima masambawa ndi kusinthasintha kwa zaka 4:

nkhaka - chachikulu chikhalidwe;
mbatata zoyambirira - yoyamba kutsogolo;
anyezi - wachiwiri wotsatila;
chiweto - chachitatu chotsogola.

Pokonzekera dothi la kulima nkhaka malo kuyambira autumn, mutatha kukolola kotsiriza. Panthawiyi, malowa amafunika kuchotsa zitsamba za chikhalidwe chakale, komanso zina zowonongeka, kenako ndibwino kuti manyowa awonongeke. Kuti muchite izi, pamtanda umodzi. M a gawo limene mukuyenera kupanga kuyambira 3 mpaka 6 makilogalamu a manyowa kapena humus ndi pafupifupi 30 g ya osakaniza potassium-phosphorous. Pofuna kupereka kuwala kwa dothi lakuda, mchenga muwerengero amawerengedwa pa mlingo wa zitsamba 1-2 pa 1 mita imodzi. m

Ngati kuli kotheka, alkalify gawolo kuti likhale losalekerera kapena lopanda mphamvu. Kuti muchite izi, pamtanda umodzi. M dera limapereka kuchokera 200 mpaka 500 g ya phulusa, choko, ufa wa dolomite kapena hydrated laimu. Pambuyo pake, nthaka imayimidwa bwino ndipo imasiyidwa yokha mpaka kasupe.

Ndikofunikira! Sikoyenera kuyanjanitsa nthaka yomwe imalima mu kugwa monga ikuyenera kufungira bwino. Izi zidzateteza mwayi wa mbande kuti ikhale ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi matenda kuchokera ku nthaka, komanso kuwononga mbewu zamsongole.

Gawo lotsatira la kukonzekera munda wa kubzala nkhaka limayamba kumapeto kwa masabata angapo musanadzalemo. Panthawiyi, malowa akuwonjezeredwa ndi feteleza. Udindo wake umasewera ndi makilogalamu atatu a humus, 250 g wa malasha osweka ndi 50 g wa zovuta zonse zamchere feteleza kuti azisankha, kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza ndi pafupifupi 3 kg / sq. m. Kenaka dothi liyenera kulima kwa kuya kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 15, kenako nkuloledwa pamalo amodzi.

Mavuto akukula

Ngakhale kuti chisanu chimawatsutsa, nkhaka za Altai zimakhala za oimira malo otentha otentha komanso otentha, choncho chomerachi chimakhala chovuta kwambiri pa kutentha ndi chinyezi. Mbewu zabwino kwambirizi zimakhala m'madera otseguka komanso owala bwino, choncho zimayenera kukhala kutali ndi mitengo yayitali komanso mitundu yonse yamaluwa. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chomera chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi zothandizira kuti ziziteteze ku mitundu yonse ya kuwonongeka. Kukula kwabwino kwa nkhaka, pafupifupi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala oposa 20 ° C. Masana, ziyenera kukhala mkati mwa 25-28 ° С, ndipo usiku siziyenera kugwera m'munsimu +18 ° С. M'machitidwe awa, zinthu zabwino kwambiri za fruiting zimalengedwa, chifukwa cha kutentha pansipa +16 ° C, ovary pa masamba sakha.

Izi ziyenera kutetezedwa ku zomera komanso kutentha, kutentha kumapitirira 35-40 ° C kumachepetsa kukula kwawo, komanso fruiting. Ndiyeneranso kutchula zimenezo nkhaka amakonda kwambiri chinyezi (80-90%). Amalimbitsa kukula kwa zomera, komanso amalimbikitsanso ntchito ya fruiting. Ndicho chifukwa masamba a zomera amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, makamaka nthawi ya chilala.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Kukula mbande za masamba chikhalidwe kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo. Mbewu ziyenera kukonzedweratu pasadakhale, komanso kupereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuti zikule mofulumira komanso chisamaliro chofunikira. Kusunga bwino njira zonse zogwirira ntchito kumathandiza kuti mupeze zomera zathanzi ndikuonetsetsa kuti fruiting yawo yayitali.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Kukonzekera kwa nkhaka mbewu kwa mbande amayamba masiku angapo asanakhalepo tsiku lofesa. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa zaka za mbewu. Sikoyenera kuti tiyambe kumera mbeu zatsopano, monga mbeu za 2-4 ndizo zimera. Mbewu iyenera kufufuzidwa kuti ikhale yogwira bwino, chifukwa izi zimatsanulira muzitsulo zosasunthika ndipo zimadzaza ndi mankhwala a saline 3%, okonzedwa potsatira mchere wa tebulo. Mbeu zapamwamba kwambiri zimakhala pansi, dzenje, osakhala ndi mimba, zimayandama pamwamba pa filimu yamadzi.

Mbewu zamtengo wapatali sizimasowa chithandizo chapadera, koma mwadongosolo Pofuna kuteteza mbande ku matenda osiyanasiyana, njere ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito 1% yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena 70% mowa. Mbewu imasungidwa mu madzi odzola kwa mphindi 25, kenako imatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi otentha. Musanayambe kutseguka, mbewu zosawilitsidwa zimayamba kumera. Pochita izi, amafalikira pa nsalu yoyera ya thonje kapena gauze pamtunda wa masentimita imodzi, wina ndi mzake, atakulungidwa pamwamba ndi nsalu imodzimodziyo, kenaka amaikidwa mu chidebe chopanda kanthu komanso wothira madzi ofunda. Pakadutsa masiku 2-3 kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C, nyembazo zimapereka mphukira yaing'ono pafupifupi 3-4 mm kutalika, pambuyo pake zimakonzedwa kufesedwa mu gawo lapansi.

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Bzalani mbeu muzitsulo zing'onozing'ono zosiyana kwambiri ndi masentimita 12. Mitengo yapadera yamaluwa kapena mapepala apulasitiki ndi oyenerera pazinthu izi, koma ngati palibe, mungagwiritsenso ntchito makapu apulasitiki. Gawo la pansi mu miphika yosakanizika mwamphamvu, koma popanda kupitirira, monga zomera zazing'ono zimafuna nthaka yotayirira ndi yabwino podutsa mpweya. Monga dothi la mbande, mungagwiritse ntchito nthaka iliyonse yokonzeka kupanga masamba a zamasamba. Koma ndi bwino kukonzekera nthaka ndi manja ake. Kuchita izi, sakanizani dothi, mchenga, peat ndi vermiculite (1: 1: 1: 1), kapena konzani chisakanizo cha manyowa ovunda, nthaka ndi mchenga (6: 3: 1). Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nkhaka silingalekerere acidification ya nthaka, choncho, ngati kuli kotheka, gawolo liyenera kukhala lopangidwa ndi choko kapena hydrated laimu. Chofunika kwambiri kuti nthaka ikhale yofooka, yomwe imathandiza mphukira zazing'ono kupeŵa matenda a fungal. Mpaka pano, gawo lokonzekera lidatsanulira pakamwa la masentimita 1.5 pa chidebe chophatikizidwa ndikuwotcha mu uvuni ku +120 ° С kwa mphindi 45.

Ndikofunikira! Nkhaka mbande zimapangitsa kuti mvula ikhale yonyowa kwambiri, choncho chitsime cha ngalande chiyenera kuperekedwa mu mphika kwa mbande.

Njira yobzala mbewu

Kufesa mbewu kumatenga masabata angapo musanabzala mbande mu nthaka yotseguka. Kawirikawiri nthawi ino imagwera pa theka la mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Panthawi ya kusindikizidwa kulowa mu nthaka, masamba awiri enieni ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pa zomera. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mbande ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yambiri komanso yamphamvu. Mbewu iliyonse imafesedwa mu chidebe chokha, ndicho chofunikira chokula nkhaka mbande. Mizu ya oyandikana nayo imatha kuphulika mwamphamvu pakati pawo, choncho njira iliyonse yopatulira mbande ingayambitse imfa yawo. Mbeu yomwe idakonzedwa kale ndi yofesedwa imafesedwa mu gawo lopanda madzi pang'ono mpaka 1.5-2 masentimita, kenako limakhala lopangidwa ndi dothi lopanda 1 masentimita wandiweyani. malo ofunda ndi ofunika. Pakati pa chinyezi chabwino ndi kutentha (pafupi +25 ° C) mkati mwa masiku khumi, mphukira zoyamba kukula zikuwonekera. Pambuyo pake, malo obisalawa amachotsedwa ku miphika ndikupita ku malo otentha, okonzekera bwino.

Kusamalira mmera

Chisamaliro cha mphukira zazing'ono sizimasiyana ndi kulima mbande za mbewu zina za zipatso. Mitengo imakhala pamalo otentha, okonzeka kwambiri masana kutentha kuchokera ku +20 ° C mpaka +23 ° C ndipo usiku ukuzungulira +18 ° C. Sungunulani nthaka ngati pakufunika, pang'onopang'ono mukawoneke, koma osati kawiri pa sabata. Kuthirira kumaphatikizidwa ndi madzi ozizira otentha ndi ofunda (pafupifupi 22 ° C), chifukwa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbande.

Mbande zimafunikanso kuvomerezedwa kuunikira ndi nyali za fulorosenti, monga kukula kwa thanzi zomera, nthawi ya kuwala iyenera kukhala osachepera maola 14. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nyali zapadera zamaluwa kapena nyali yamba. Mbewu sizimafuna kudyetsa koonjezera panthawiyi, choncho amatha kuchita izi pokhapokha atabzalidwa m'minda yotseguka.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati mulibe luso lotha kuwonjezera mbande, zomera ziyenera kusunthira ku malo ozizira ndi kutentha pafupifupi +15 ° C, mwinamwake zidzatsogolera kutambasula ndi kupukuta kwa tsinde lawo.

Patapita kanthawi, mbande zikuwombera mu mphika watsopano. Ndondomekoyi imachitika kamodzi kokha ngati mizu ya mbande yayamba kuphimba lonse gawo lapansi. Izi zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi dzenje lakuda. Mwamsanga pamene mizu yaying'ono imachokapo - muyenera kusuntha mbande nthawi yomweyo. Miphika iliyonse ya zomera ndi yoyenera monga mphika, pamene kukula kwa thanki latsopano m'mimba mwake kuyenera kukhala 3-4 masentimita mochuluka kuposa mphika wakale.

Pafupifupi sabata umodzi musanabzala zomera pa tsambali, iwo amazembedwa. Njirayi imapangitsa mwayi wa mbande kuti ikhale yopanda phokoso, komanso imapatsa mwayi wokonzekera kukonza kozizira. Kuti muchite izi, sabata, miphika ya nkhaka ikuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi yoyamba zomera zimasamutsidwa kumsewu pafupi ndi pakati pa tsiku, kwa maola 2-3. Komanso, patapita nthawi, kutalika kwa nthawi mbande kumakhala mlengalenga kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo masiku awiri akukhala panja, zomera zimakonzeka kupita ku bedi la munda.

Kuwaza mbande pansi

Pambuyo pa masamba 2-3 oyambirira a masambawa amaoneka pa mbande, amaikidwa mu nthaka yotseguka. Ngati nkhaka imakula mu nyengo yoziziritsa, muyenera kuyembekezera kuti mapepala 5-6 awonekere pazomerazo, mwinamwake amwalira. Kuwonjezera apo, musanayambe kuika mbande ku malo osatha, muyenera ndithudi kuyembekezera nthawi yabwino pa izi. Choyamba, ndiko kusowa kwa mvula yamkuntho komanso kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ku +18 ° С. Kawirikawiri nthawi iyi imakhala pakatikati kapena theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May. Mbewu imakhala madzulo kuyambira 18.00 mpaka 20.00, popeza kuwala kwa dzuwa kumapangitsa kuti mbeu zisawonongeke.

Onani mitundu yosiyana kwambiri ya nkhaka.

Young nkhaka yabzalidwa bwino feteleza ndipo amalima mosamala nthaka, kutali ndi mitengo, tchire ndi kumunda nyumba kumalo osatsegula ndi dzuwa. Anabzala mbande pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita pakati pa wina ndi mzake mumzere wolimba pafupi masentimita 15, ndikukhala pakati pa 50-60 masentimita. Nkhaka mmera ndi wachikondi achinyamata zomera ndi osalimba mizu, kotero muyenera mosamala kuchotsa ku munda miphika. Pachifukwachi, nthaka mu mphika imathiridwa mwamphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zikhale zowonongeka. Pambuyo pake, m'mphepete mwa miphika ndi nkhaka zazing'ono zimapangidwira pamwamba, zomwe zimathandiza kupatulira gawolo mu mphika. Pambuyo pake, ndi kayendetsedwe ka kuwala, zomwe zili mu miphika zimachotsedwa.

Ndikofunikira! Kugwedeza nthaka kuchokera ku mizu ya mbande sikuletsedwa, chifukwa izi zidzawononga mizu yawo yovuta.

Zomera zomwe zimagwidwa, pamodzi ndi nthaka, zimakhala m'mizere, kenako zimakulungidwa mu nthaka. Pankhani ya kubzala mbewu pa nthaka yosauka kwambiri, mbande zimaphimbidwa ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka ya humus ndi sod (1: 1), izi zimathandizira kukula kwawo. Mutabzala, mabedi amatsanuliridwa mochuluka ndi madzi ndipo amasiyidwa okha mpaka chinyezi chimakhala chokwanira. Pambuyo pake, pitirizani kukhazikitsa zothandizira zothandizira zomera. Ngati pali mpata wokwanira wozizira usiku, pamabedi amakhala ndi chitetezo choteteza. Kuchita izi, m'minda yonse, zipangizo zamtengo wapatali zazitsulo kapena zamatabwa zimakonzedwa, zomwe zimayikidwa pa filimu yowonongeka ya polyethylene. Usiku, pamphepete mwa filimuyo mwakabisala ndi nthaka. Izi zimabweretsa kuwala kwa "kutentha kwa madzi", komwe kungapangitse kutentha kwa mkati mwake.

Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera

Lero, kulima nkhaka pakukula kufesa mwachindunji nthaka yotseguka ikuwonjezeka kutchuka chaka chilichonse. Ntchito yaulimiyi ili ndi zinthu zabwino, kuphatikizapo ntchito yochepa komanso ndalama zochepa. Koma kawirikawiri, anthu ambiri amalephera kupeza zomera zowononga zipatso, zomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu cholima mbewu zosayenera. Tiyeni tipitirize kumvetsa mfundo zazikuluzikulu za njirayi.

Zochitika kunja

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nkhaka ndi mitundu ya mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha, choncho zomera zimakhala ndi zofunikira zowonongeka. Seeding wa mbewu zakuthupi ikuchitika kumapeto kwa kasupe, pamene mwayi wa usiku frosts kwathunthu disappears. Nthawi zambiri nyengoyi ili kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa Meyi, chifukwa panthawi ino dothi limawombera mpaka 10-15 ° С. Malo abwino kwambiri ofesedwa ndi mbali ya kumwera kwa malowa, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira, mwinamwake zokolola za mbeu zimachepetsedwa kangapo.

Koposa zonse, ngati malowa ali pamtunda waung'ono, mphepo yozizira imakhalapo m'madera otsika, omwe kumayambiriro kwa nyengo imatha kuyambitsa chisanu. Muyeneranso kusamala kuti mlingo wamadzi apansi pa malo a mabedi amtsogolo unali osachepera mita imodzi, mwinamwake chinyontho chingachititse matenda oopsa a nkhaka. Pofuna kupewa madzi ochepa, kawirikawiri mpumulo wa nthaka umachitika mothandizidwa ndi mchenga wa mtsinje, makamaka ngati dongo kapena chernozem ikupezeka m'deralo.

Kufesa kumachitika mwachindunji kumalo otseguka, popewera zovuta zowonjezera kutentha, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Altai" imabala zipatso zabwino ngakhale kuzizira kumpoto kwa nyengo. Koma ngati mukukonzekera kupeza zipatso zonunkhira mpaka autumn, muyenera kukula nkhaka mu bwino zipangizo ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, usavutike mtima wowonjezera kutentha. Njira yabwino ndikumanga makina osungira opangidwa ndi zitsulo zamatabwa komanso filimu yowonongeka ya polyethylene. Malo osungirako zomera amatha kutulutsa kutentha kwa mmera, pambuyo pake mapangidwewo amasungunuka bwino mpaka nyengo yotsatira. Pankhaniyi, nthawi ya kutentha kwachangu, zomera zazikulu zimapangidwa pa malowa mofulumira komanso olemera fruiting. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi njira yophweka yomwe imathandiza kuthetsa nthawi yonse ya fruiting, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa kuzizira kumpoto.

Njira yobzala mbewu pansi

Kufesa mbewu kumapangidwa pambuyo pa kutentha kwa nthaka ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga kufika kutentha kwa + 10-15 ° C, chifukwa kumadera otsika mbeu zimakhalabe m'chikhalidwe cha anabiosis. Kawirikawiri nthawi ino imagwera pa theka la mwezi wa May, koma ngati mukukonzekera kumera nkhaka pansi pa filimuyi, mukhoza kubzala masabata 1-2 kale. Mbeu yoyamba-yosawilitsidwa ndi yolimba ndi yoyenera kufesa.

Kupweteka kumachitika kwa maola 48, chifukwa ichi, mbewuzo zimagundidwa mofanana mu nsalu yoyera ya thonje (kapena bandage), ndiyeno imadzisunga ndi madzi ozizira. Minofu yamadzi ndi mbewu imayikidwa mu firiji, kenako imachotsedwa ndi chosawilitsidwa.

Disinfection imayambira poyimira mbewu kwa mphindi 25 mu 1% yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena 70% mowa. Kupweteka ndi kuteteza matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumachitika maola angapo musanafesedwe, mwinamwake kupambana kwa njirazi kumachepetsa kangapo. Nkhaka zimafesedwa mzere, chifukwa chaichi, mizere imapangidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 60 ndi mzake ndipo masentimita 2-3 masentimita. Mbewu zimayikidwa m'nthaka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a zidutswa 2-3 ndi mtunda wa 25-30 cm. ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 50 g / sq. Pambuyo poyika njere, bedi limakulungidwa mu nthaka ndi kuthirira mochuluka. Pankhani ya nthaka yosauka kwambiri, mbewuyo ili ndi humus kapena kusakaniza kwa nthaka ndi utuchi (1: 1). Pambuyo pofesa, kugwiritsira ntchito garter kapena chivundikiro cha filimu kumaikidwa pa chiwembu (ngati kuli kofunikira).

Kuthirira

Popeza kuchuluka kwa mizu ya nkhaka ndi kumtunda kwa nthaka, mabedi ndi masamba amafunika nthawi ndi nthawi kuthirira madzi, pambuyo pake pamakhala youma peel ikuoneka pansi. Pankhaniyi, zomera zimayankha bwino ulimi wothirira masamba, choncho kuthirira mabedi ayenera kuchitidwa bwino, mwinamwake masambawo adzauma ndi kufa. Komabe, kutentha kwambiri nthaka sikoyenera, popeza kuphulika kwa madzi nthawi zonse kungawononge chitukuko cha mizu ndikuyambitsa zipsyinjo zake.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi ubwino wothirira madzi pa dacha.

Muzikhala zokwanira chinyezi, madzi okwanira sayenera kukhala oposa 2 pa sabata. Choyamba, kuthirira mabedi kumachitika pa mlingo wa 3-6 l / sq. M. Pang'onopang'ono, ndi kukula kwa zomera, kuthamanga kwake kumakula kufika 6-12 l / sq. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, madzi ayenera kuthira nthaka yakuya mozama masentimita 20. Panthawi ya chilala chokhalitsa, nthawi zambiri madzi okwanira ayenera kuwonjezeka, mpaka kuthirira tsiku lililonse. Pakati pa mvula yambiri, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa nthaka isanaume.

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yothirira ndi nthawi yamadzulo, kuyambira masana dzuwa limatulutsa mpweya wambiri ngakhale pansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mugwiritseni ntchito pasanayambe kutentha, kuyeretsa ndi kupatukana madzi ndi kutentha kochepa kuposa +18 ° C. Zaletsedwa kuthirira madzi mabedi ndi madzi ozizira, monga madontho akuthwa ali ndi zotsatira zovulaza kukula kwa zomera komanso amatsogolera kukhetsa mazira.

Ndikofunikira! Pa mabedi ndi kofunika kumamatira kumakhala nthawi zonse chinyezi, monga madontho akudzidzidzi angapangitse kuwawa mu zipatso za nkhaka.

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Zosungunuka ndi kupalira mmomwe nthawi yake ndizo zina zomwe zimakhala bwino kuti mukhale ndi masamba monga nkhaka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kupalira ndi kumasula kumatchedwa kuti mphukira yoyamba ikuwoneka, ndikubwereza masiku onse 7-10. Kukonzekera kwa dothi kumachitika mosamalitsa, popeza kuchuluka kwa mzuwu kumakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, kotero pali mwayi waukulu wowonongera. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mizu, namsongole amadulidwa pansi pazu, osapitilira 1-2 masentimita m'nthaka. Kutsegula kumatulutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafoloko a m'munda, omwe mwakachetechete amamangiriridwa mu nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba chilichonse mpaka pafupifupi masentimita 15-20 ndipo nthawi yomweyo kutulutsidwa. Mu njirayi ayenera kuchitidwa bwino, popanda kusuntha mwadzidzidzi, popanda kutembenuza chida pansi.

Chithandizo cha mnthaka chimachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo, kupatula kupalira ndi kumasula kumathandiza kuti mchere ukhale wochuluka kwambiri. Ndi bwino kusankha tsiku louma ndi dzuwa, pakati pa madzi. Panthawi ya mvula yambiri, njirayi imachitika pambuyo pa kuyanika kwa dothi.

Masking

Masking amapereka mpata woonjezera kwambiri zipatso za zomera. Pasynka imatchedwa kuti si-fruiting mphukira za zomera zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwachilengedwe ndi chitukuko. Pambuyo pochotsedwa, chomera sichifunikira kuti chigwiritse ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka pokhala ndi mapulogalamu osagwira ntchito. M'malomwake, chomera chimayambitsa mphamvu zowonjezera kuti zitheke kupanga mapangidwe atsopano, omwe pamapeto pake amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa zipatso zonse. Pamene pasynkovanii kawirikawiri amachotsa mphukira zowonongeka zomwe ziri mu axils m'munsi masamba 5-6, komanso mazira ozungulira mu axils a m'munsi masamba 3-4. Ndondomekoyi imayendetsedwa mosamala kwambiri, pogwiritsira ntchito zipsera zokopa kapena zowonongeka, monga kukanikiza kwina kungathe kuwononga tsinde lalikulu. Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndi kuchotsa mbaliyo sikupitirira 6 masentimita m'litali, chifukwa masentimita 10 aliwonse amadya "mpaka 1 kg ya zipatso.

Pofuna kupanga fruiting bwino, muyenera:

pamene chomera chifika pamtunda wa 40-50 masentimita, chotsani kwathunthu nthambi zake zothandizira, komanso ovary;
Pambuyo poonjezera tsinde lalikulu mpaka masentimita 80 pa chomera, zitsani mphukira zowonongeka kuposa 20 cm, kusiya 1 mavari mazira pa otsalawo, ndi kutsitsa pamwamba;
pamene chomeracho chikutalika mamita 1, chimangotsala pang'ono kupitirira masentimita makumi anai (40 cm) kuti chikhale pamwamba pake, ndipo osapitirira ma ovari awiri ndi timapepala timene tisiye payekha;
Pambuyo pa chitsamba chafika mamita oposa 1, pamtunda wake wapamwamba 3 amawombera 40-50 cm kutalika ndi 3-4 mazira ndi masamba ambiri pazomwe, ngati n'koyenera, kutsitsa pamwamba.

Belt girter

Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Nkhaka yamtengo wapatali ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokolola. Amapatsa mwayi:

chitetezeni chomera kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe;
Kupititsa patsogolo kuwala kwa dzuŵa kwa mbewu ndi kutuluka kwake, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kuvunda kwa chipatso;
sungani malo okwanira kulima ndiwo zamasamba;
kuwonjezera kukula kwa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa zipatso;
onetsetsani kusamalira nkhalango ndi kukolola.

Lero, pali njira zambiri zopezera nkhaka zomera, koma otchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ndi:

wosakaniza garter - pamzere uliwonse pamtunda wa 1-2 masentimita, zitsulo kapena zitsulo zamatabwa zimakumbidwa m'nthaka, pakati pa zomwe zimatambasula zingwe kapena mawaya pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita pakati pa wina ndi mzake, pakukula, zomera zimagwiridwa;

chowonekera garter - ndi mawonekedwe a U omwe amapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena zitsulo, amawongolera pamzere wonsewo, pambuyo pake zingwe zing'onozing'ono zimatsitsidwa pansi pa tchire, zomwe zimakhala zothandizira zomera, nthawi zambiri zimamanga zingwe zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimayendetsedwa pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse ;
wosakanizidwa garter - chithandizo chimodzi chokha chimakwera pa bedi laling'ono, kuchokera pamwamba pa zomwe zingwe zoonda zimatsika, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zingwe zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimayambira pansi pa chitsamba; растения крепятся к верёвочкам, после чего вся конструкция приобретает вид конусообразного шалаша;

подвязка на сетку - Zothandizira zamphamvu zimapangidwa m'mphepete mwa bedi, pakati pa zitsulo zamakona kapena pulasitiki zimatambasulidwa, panthawi yomwe nkhaka zikukula mumatope, zomwe zimakhala zothandizira kwambiri.

Njira iliyonseyi ili ndi cholinga komanso zolephera zake. Njira yopanda malire imathandiza kumanga chithandizo chamtengo wapatali mu maola angapo chabe, koma wamaluwa amachigwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa nyumba zomwe zimayandikana zimakhala mthunzi. Galasi yowona imatenga nthawi yaitali, koma ndi yofunikira ngati malo ambiri ali ndi masamba. Galbridi yowonjezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipeze mabedi ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa chokonzekeracho sichikhoza kugwira mbewu zopitirira 10-20.

Kuti nkhaka zikhale bwino ndikukhala omasuka ngakhale kudera laling'ono, ndi bwino kukhazikitsa galasi ya trellis.

Garter pa ukonde ndi njira yowonjezereka yowonjezera zomera, chifukwa zimaphatikizapo mbali zonse zabwino zomwe zili pamwambapa. Komabe, mapangidwe oterowo amakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ndi alimi odziwa bwino omwe akhala akulima ulimi wa masamba kwa zaka zambiri.

Kupaka pamwamba

Nkhaka zimafuna kuchuluka kwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pa yogwira mapangidwe. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mabedi amafalikira kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, ndiye kuvala kumabwerezedwa kumayambiriro kwa fruiting, ndiyeno masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi (15-15), nthawi zambiri nkhaka zimakhala ndi umuna kuposa 3-4 nthawi pa nyengo. Njirayi imakhala madzulo, madzulo, pambuyo kuthirira.

VIDEO: KUTHANDIZA ANTHU OTHANDIZA PAMODZI Monga chakudya choyenera chilichonse chophatikizapo mchere feteleza kwa oimira Dzungu. Koma njira yowonjezeredwa yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndiyo superphosphate (20 g / 10 l madzi), "Kemira Universal-2" (40 g / 10 l madzi), ndi "Kemira Lux" (30 g / 10 l madzi), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa mizu ya zomera. Kuthamanga kwa madzi akumwa ndi pafupifupi 5 malita pa 1 mita imodzi. m planting. Best nkhaka zonse zimayankha ku chakudya chakuthupi. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la zitosi za mbalame (1:25) kapena mullein (1:10). Madziwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pazu wa tchire, pamene madzi ogwiritsira ntchito amakhala pafupifupi 5 l / sq. m

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Kawirikawiri, nkhaka zamasamba zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa:

nthendayi - Matendawa amachititsa mawanga a chikasu kapena a brownish pa masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi masentimita 2-3, zomwe pamapeto pake zimatsogolera kumalo okhudzidwa ndi imfa yawo, chifukwa chake matendawa amachititsa kuti zomera zisafe; pamene matenda amapezeka, minda imathandizidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa oxychloride (40 g / 10 l madzi);

bacteriosis - amawonetsedwa ndi mabala osiyanasiyana ofiira pa zomera zobiriwira, komanso madontho amtundu wambiri kapena obiriwira pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba, pakapita nthawi amachititsa kuti maluwawo asafalikire, zomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa minda; Amalimbana ndi matenda pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera mchere oxychloride (40 g / 10 l madzi);

perinosporosis - amawoneka ngati mawanga a chikasu pa masamba, omwe pamapeto pake amawoneka ofiira, matendawa amachititsa kuti chitsamba chichepere pambuyo pa kukula, chomwe chimakhudza zokolola zake zonse; Ngati matendawa ali, matendawa amachiritsidwa ndi acrobat MC 69%, Ridomil MC 72%, Kurzat R kapena mafananidwe osinthika.

Tikupempha kuti tiphunzire momwe tingachitire ndi matenda ena a nkhaka.

Kuonjezerapo, pa nyengo yokula, nkhaka ikhoza kudwala tizilombo zotsatirazi:

thrips - ma tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amaoneka ngati mawanga oyera pamasamba omwe pamapeto pake amaphatikizana ndikupangitsa kufa kwa zobiriwira, ziphuphu zimakula nthawi yonse yomwe ikukula, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera mbeu; Pofuna kulimbana ndi tizilombo, gwiritsani ntchito njira zothetsera "Aktellik", "Confidor" 20%, "Karate" kapena zofanana;

zovuta - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala timene timakhala ndi thola lofiira kapena lofiira kwambiri la thupi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamwa madzi kuchokera ku zomera, zomwe zimayambitsa kusamalitsa kukula ndi fruiting yachitsamba, ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo kufa kwa minda kumachitika; Ndizotheka kuthana ndi tizilombo poyesa mabedi ndi Actellic 50% kapena Talstar 10%;

aphid - ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mamita 2-3mm, omwe ndi parasitic pamunsi mwa tsamba, kuyamwa kutsitsa kuchokera ku chomera, zomwe zimayambitsa kupotoza ndi kuphulika kwa masamba, ndi kuphulika, ndi kufa kwa chomera; Ndizotheka kuthana ndi tizilombo poyesa minda ndi njira za "Confidor" kukonzekera 20% kapena "Karate" kuti musankhe;

nkhaka ya nkhaka - tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amapezeka nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito zamasamba, panthawi ya parasitization, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amawononga anyamata, mphukira ndi masamba omwe amachititsa kuti mazirawo asagonjetsedwe. kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwa kuchiza minda ndi njira zothetsera "Confidor" 20%, "Karate" kapena zofanana.

Ndibwino kudziwa momwe mungachotsere tizirombo tina za nkhaka.

Pozitsata zomera zowalidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zotetezera, m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo awa:

kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo, mu kouma, koma nyengo yamvula;
Njira zogwirira ntchito zikukonzekera molingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga;
Kupitirira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti azitsata zomera ndiletsedwa, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kutentha kwa mtundu wobiriwira;
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachitika poziteteza, pogwiritsa ntchito kupuma;
pakapopera fodya, kudya kapena kumwa sikuletsedwa;
Pambuyo kupopera mabedi, m'pofunika kusamba ndi sopo zonse zotseguka za thupi, ndi kuchotsa zovala zogwirira ntchito kuchokera ku zotsalira zokonzekera.

Pofuna kuteteza chitukuko chilichonse cha tizirombo kapena matenda opatsirana, nkhaka zamasamba ziyenera kukhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira ndi mankhwala ovuta fungicidal insecticidal effects.

Masiku ano, ambiri agrotechnical kachitidwe, zotsatirazi chitetezo amatanthauza ntchito mwakhama:

"Acrobat";
Actellic;
Allett 80%;
"Bileton" 25%;
"Karate";
Confidor 20%;
"Kuproksat";
"Kuprosil";
"Kurzat R";
"Previkur";
"Ridomil Gold" 25%.

Kuonjezera apo, pofuna kuteteza minda ya nkhaka ku matenda, nkofunikira kumamatira kuntchito yambiri yogulitsa mbewu, kuphatikizapo kuyendetsa bwino mbewu, kusinthana kwa mbeu, kudyetsa, komanso kuchepetsa.

Mukudziwa? Ku Russia, nkhaka inkaonekera m'zaka za m'ma XVI, panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Ivan the Terrible. Kwa nthawi yaitali, chikhalidwe chinkaonedwa kukhala chokoma, kotero zipatso zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi salting kapena pickling.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Mwachizolowezi, zokolola zoyamba zimachitika pafupifupi masabata asanu mutabzala, pakati kapena theka lachiwiri la June, pambuyo pake mbeu imakololedwa pamene ikukula, masiku awiri alionse. Ndi bwino kwambiri m'mawawa kapena madzulo. Kawirikawiri, pofuna kuteteza ndi kusakaniza, nkhaka imasonkhanitsidwa mutatha kukula kwa chipatso cha 8-10 masentimita m'litali.Koma mukakonzekera kukonzekera gherkins, zipatso zimagwedezeka atatha kutalika mpaka 3-5 masentimita.

Kukolola kumachitika tsiku lopuma ndi dzuwa. Zipatso mosavuta zitsani phesi pothandizidwa ndi maluwa, mitsuko kapena zida zina. Nkhuka zasonkhanitsidwa zimayikidwa m'mabasiki kapena m'minda yam'munda, ndiyeno, ngati kuli koyenera, zimatsanulidwa m'mitsuko yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri yopita. Mbewuyo imachotsedwa m'munda mosamala, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chipatso, mwinamwake nkhaka idzawalira kwa masiku angapo.

Phunzirani kusunga nkhaka mwatsopano m'nyengo yozizira.

Kawirikawiri, nkhaka zatsopano zimasungidwa masiku osapitirira 14, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako masamba, otentha kapena ozizira pickling amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale zipatso zingathe kusungidwa mwatsopano kwa masabata 4-5. Kuchita izi, nkhaka imayikidwa ndi miyeso m'mitsuko yaing'ono yodzaza ndi 1-2 cm ya madzi oyera, kenaka imatumizidwa ku firiji (+ 3-5 ° С). Mu fomu iyi, zipatso zimakhala zatsopano kwa mwezi umodzi, koma ndizofunika kusintha madzi m'mitsuko ndi zipatso kamodzi patsiku.

Sungani nkhaka ndi mapuloteni chipolopolo. Kuti tichite izi, zipatso zimayang'aniridwa bwino ndi dzira loyera, kenako zimawuma mwachibadwa. Pambuyo kuyanika, mapuloteni amapanga filimu yowonongeka yomwe imalepheretsa nthawi yaitali kutuluka kwa chinyezi kuchokera ku chipatso. Mu mawonekedwe ameneŵa, kutentha pafupifupi + 3-5 ° C, nkhaka zatsopano zingasungidwe kwa mwezi umodzi.

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chipatso chomera monga nkhaka ndi chinthu chosafunikira kwenikweni, choncho, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri akamalima. Zina mwazofala kwambiri ndi izi:

kupukuta masamba ndi chikasu - ndi zotsatira za kusasunga malamulo omwe akulima mbewu kapena zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa mbeu ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana; Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, m'pofunika kusintha madzi okwanira ndi kuthirira feteleza, komanso kupanga mankhwala ovuta ndi njira zotetezera;

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zifukwa ndi njira zothana ndi chikasu ndi kuyanika kwa masamba.

ovary kugwa - ikhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zambiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira zomera ndi madzi ozizira kapena mbewu zowonjezereka; Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, zimalimbikitsa kuchepetseratu minda (ngati kuli kofunikira), komanso kuyambitsanso madzi kuthirira osachepera +18 ° C;

Pezani chifukwa chake nkhaka zamasamba zimatembenukira chikasu mu wowonjezera kutentha.

chomera kuyanika - kawirikawiri ndi chifukwa cha chitukuko m'nthaka ya tizirombo zosiyanasiyana (udzu, nyerere, mphutsi zowuluka, etc.); Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zomera, chithandizo choyambidwa ndi Fentiuram (mbeu 5-10 g / kg) chikulimbikitsidwa;
mitsempha yambiri - Kuchokera ku zowonjezereka kwa nthaka pa ulimi wothirira; Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ulimi wothirira wa mabedi uyenera kusintha, ndipo zomera ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi zovuta zowonjezera fungicides;

kuchepa kwakukulu mu zokolola - Nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zakudya m'nthaka; Pofuna kubwezeretsa chipatso cha mbeu, m'pofunika kudyetsa minda ndi njira zowonjezera kapena zamchere feteleza malingana ndi sayansi yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa;
kuwawa - ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwadzidzidzi ku dothi la nthaka; Pofuna kupewa kutayika kwa nkhaka kukoma, zomera zimayenera kuperekedwa mosalekeza komanso mobwerezabwereza nthawi yonse yokula.

Nkhaka "Altai" ndi mbewu zobala zipatso zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mupeze zipatso zamtengo wapatali m'madera otentha ndi kumpoto. Ngakhale zovuta zosiyanasiyana zikukula, zosiyana siyana masiku ano zikuwoneka kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yosalemekezeka kwambiri ya nkhaka, kotero imatha kulima bwino ngakhale osadziwa wamaluwa. Koma kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndi zolimba, m'pofunika kulingalira malamulo onse a ulimi wakulima.